EEM 5 Three-Phase Multifunction Machines (English)

Course
"EEM 5 Three-phase Multifunction Machines"
Photo: ABB Group
SH5007-1S Version 2.0
Author: M.Germeroth
Lucas-Nlle GmbH Siemensstrae 2 D-50170 Kerpen (Sindorf)

Tel.: +49 2273 567-0
http://www.lucas-nuelle.com/
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LUCAS-NLLE Lehr- und Messgerte GmbH

Siemensstrae 2 D-50170 Kerpen

EEM5 Three-phase multifunction maschines
Training objectives 1
Equipment 300 W Classic Line 3
Safety 5
Asynchronous motor (Three-phase multifunction machine) 7
Connection and starting 9
Rotation reversal 21
Operating points 27
Synchronous motor (Three-phase multifunction machine) 33
Rotation reversal 41
Phase-shifter operation 47
V-characteristics 53
Synchronous generator (Three-phase multifunction machine) 59
Load characteristics 67
Mains synchronisation (Three-phase multifunction machine) 73
Synchronisation to the mains 75
Power feed(Classic Line) 89
Copyright 97
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Training objectives
Welcome to the Three-phase Multifunction Machine Course! TheLUCAS-

NLLE team wishes you lots of fun and success in completing the course
subjects andperformingthe experiments. The following pages provide you
with an overview of the course content and required equipment.
In this course we will be working on acquiring practical know-how and experience working
with the three-phase multifunction machine.
Experiment-based investigations of the asynchronous and synchronous motor and
generator are at the focal point of our work and provide us with insight into themachine's
function,operaton and operating response.
Training objectives
Motor and generator operating modes
Nominal data and rating plate
Asynchronous and synchronous operation
Phasen-shifter operation (synchronous motor)
V-characteristics
Measurement of the phase-to-phase and line-to-line variables
Rotation reversal
Load characteristics for the asynchronous and synchronous motoras well as
synchronous generator
Phase-shifter operation
Mains synchronisation
Power measurement and synchronised generator
Prerequisites
Fundamentals of electrical machines
Fundamentals of electricity and electrical engineering
How to work with measuring instruments
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Training objectives
2 , 16.3.2013
Equipment 300 W Classic Line
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Equipment 300 W Classic Line
SO3636-6V Servo drive/servo brake 300W 1 each

SE2662-2A Coupling sleeve 300W 1 each
SE2662-7B Coupling guard 300W 1 each
SE2672-3W Three-phase multifunction machine 0.3 kW 1 each
SO3212-1W Off switch 4-pole 1 each
SO3212-6W Universal load for 300 W machines 1 each
SO3212-6T Synchronising panel 1 each
SO3213-1J Synchronoscope 1 each
SO3213-3W Double voltmeter 1 each
SO3213-1L Double frequency meter 1 each
SO3213-1K Zero-voltage meter 1 each
SO3212-1J Motor protection switch 3pole 0.4 - 0.63A 1 each
SO3212-5U Power supply for electrical machines 1 each
SO3212-5Q Variable / isolation transformer exciter 0-230V 1 each
SO5127-1Z Analog/Digital multimeter, power and power factor meter 1 each
SO5148-1J Set of safety measurement leads 4 mm (23 each) 2 each
SO5126-9X Set of safety bridging plugs 19/4 mm (15 each) 15 each
SO5126-9Z Safety bridging plugs 19/4mm with tap (5 each) 5 each
4 , 16.3.2013
Safety
Basic safety instructions
In all experiments using mains voltages high, life-threatening voltages arise. For that
reason use only safety measurement leads and make sure that there are no short-
circuits.
It is imperative that all of the devices, which are provided with an earth or where earthing
is possible, must be earthed. This is particularly the case for the frequency converter
being used.
Always be very careful to check the wiring of the application modules and only switch on
the mains voltage after a check has been completed. Whenever possible use a
robustcurrent monitoring instrument in the circuit.
Always use shaft-end guards and coupling guards as protection against contact
withrotating motor parts
All locally applicable stipulations and standards governing how electrical equipment is
handled must be complied with.
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Safety
General instructions on handling the equipment

Check that the knurled screws at the base of the motor and the coupling
sleeves (power grip)on the motor shaft are all securely fastened.
Use shaft and coupling guards.
Any prolonged running of the machines when operating under high loads can
subject the machines to excessive heating.
The extreme caseof the machine being prevented from rotating entirely may
only arise briefly.
All of the machines are equipped with a thermal circuit-breaker, which triggers
when the maximum permissible operating temperature is exceeded. These
switching contacts are accessible on the terminal board and must always be
connected to the corresponding connection sockets of the mains supply and
control unit.
All measurements have been recorded using conventional measuring
instruments (primarily class 1.5) at the standard mains voltage (230/400V
+5% -10% 50Hz) using standard production machines. Experience suggests
that measurements will lie within the tolerance range of +/-15% with respect to
the specified measurement. For more information on this please refer to
VDE0530.
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Asynchronous motor (Three-phase multifunction machine)
Asynchronous motor (slip-ring rotor)

You will be performing exercises on the following exericises on the
"asynchronous motor" on the next few pages(slip-ring rotor)":
Connection and starting

Rotation reversal
Load characteristics
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Training content: "Connection and starting"

Identify the terminals of the motor
Register the nominal data of the motor using the rating plate
Put the three-phase multifunction machine into operation as an
asynchronous motor
Measure the motor voltage and the motor current
Measure the rotor standstill voltage
Put the motor into operation with the brake
Subject the motor to load
Enter the nominal data of the three-phase multifunction machine

Rated power ____W
UN star connection ____V correct!
IN star connection ____A
cos synchronous ____

cos asynchronous ____ correct!
Synchronous speed ____min-1
Frequency ____Hz
Uexc. DC ____V correct!
Iexc. DC ____A
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Setup instructions: "Connection and Starting"
Set up the circuits in accordance with the following circuit and assembly
plans
Switch on the brake as well, this does not subject the motor to any load
Additional information on the brake can be found in the corresponding (online)

documentation
Make sure the the ammeter/voltmeter is connected up correctly
"Connection and starting" circuit diagram
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"Connection and starting" assembly diagram
Putting the asynchronous motor into operation and recording a load characteristic
(Ra=0 )
Required settings:
Brake: Mode "Torque Control"

Starter: 0 Ohm

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Experiment procedure:
Put the motor into operation and observe it

Brake the motor using the torque values specified in the table
At the same time measure the motor current and speed
Enter the measured values into the table
M/Nm 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1

n/(1/min)
I/A
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the recorded load
characteristic?
Motor current, voltage and torque drop as the speed
decreases correct!
If the load increases the motor current rises proportionally
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Put the asynchronous motor back into operation and record an additional load
characteristic (M=const.)
Required settings:

Constant torque(see Table)
Put the motor into operation and setconstant torque levels to the brake which can
be taken from the table
Set the starter valuesusing the onesspecified in the table
Then take measurements of the motor current and speed
M=2Nm Ra/Ohm 0 2 5 10 20
n/(1/min)
I/A
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Which of the following statements regarding the load characteristic are correct?
Due to the constant load torque M the motor current
remains practically unchanged
The speed changes only slightly for rising starter values
correct!
The speed drops with rising starter values
With higher starter values the speed drops minimally, the
motor current remains constant
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Recording several load characteristics with the "ActiveDrive / ActiveServo"

software
Start the "ActiveDrive / ActiveServo" software

Select automatic "speed control" setting
The motor is to be braked in 20 steps down to standstill ( Note: enter the
corresponding number of steps into "ActiveDrive / ActiveServo" under "Settings"->
"Setpoints" -> "Ramp"!)
The respective load characteristicsof the asynchronous machineare to be recorded
for atotal of four starter resistancevalues(see table)
(only 1 kW: maintain a pause of 40 s between the individual measurements in
order to refrain from overheating the starter resistors)
Begin with the lowest starter resistance value (0 Ohm)
All of the load characteristics are recorded in one graph
Label and scale the graph in accordance with the space provided for the diagram
The following parameters are to be recorded:
Torque M
(n)
Export the graph created after successfully completing the measurement and place
it into the corresponding space reserved for it below
Save the settings used in the "ActiveDrive / ActiveServo" software for later
experiments under the file name "eem5_loadcharacteristic"
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Space reserved for load characteristic
Which statements below are correct in terms of the four load characteristics
recorded?
As the resistance drops the pull-out torque shifts towards
the breakaway torque
Since the rotor resistance is increased by the starter
resistance, the current drops off both on the primary side
(stator winding) as well as on the secondary side (rotor
winding) of the motor
correct!
The pull-out torque is shifted towards the breakaway torque
with increasing starter resistance. The phase-shift between
the current and voltage becames greater and greater
With increasing starter resistance the pull-out torque is
shifted toward the breakaway torque. The phase-shift
between voltage and current diminishes more and more
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Measurement of the rotor standstill voltage
Modify the circuit connection in accordance with the following circuit diagram
Then switch on the power supply for the stator winding
Measure the rotor voltage Urotor
"Connection and starting (rotor standstill voltage)" circuit diagram
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"Connection and starting (rotor standstill voltage)" assembly diagram
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How high is the measured rotor standstill voltage Urotor?

Urotor ____V correct!
What causes the rotor standstill voltage?

A voltage is induced in the measurement leads which is
detected and displayed on account of the high input
impedance of the measuring instrument correct!
The stator winding induces a voltage in the winding of the
rotor making the motor act like a transformer
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20 , 16.3.2013
Training content: "Rotation reversal"

Distinguishthe difference between clockwise and anticlockwise operation
Put the motor into operation in both rotation directions
Definition of rotation direction

If you look at the drive shaft end of themachine from the perspective of the working
machine (in our case the brake), the rotating direction is positive when it is clockwise. If
the motor has two workable shaft ends, then it is the shaft end opposite the cooling vents,
collector or slip-rings that is the shaft end which defines the rotation direction.
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Assembly instructions: "Rotation reversal"
Assemble the circuits according to the following circuit and assembly

diagrams
Also switch on the brake as this does not subject the motor to any load
Additional information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online-

documentation
"Rotation reversal" circuit diagram"
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"Rotation reversal" assembly diagram
Rotation reversal
Switch the motor on and observe it
What is the motor's rotation direction?
The motor rotates clockwise

correct!
The motor rotates anticlockwise
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Switch off the motor and modify the circuit in accordance with the circuit diagram
Put the motor into operation and observe it again
"Rotation reversal" circuit diagram
24 , 16.3.2013

correct!
What is the correct method to reverse rotation direction?
Interchange the terminalsfor therotor winding

Interchange any random two terminals of the stator winding correct!
Only interchange L2 & L1 on the stator winding
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26 , 16.3.2013
Training content: "Operating points"

Simulation of various loads (load machines) using the"ActiveDrive /
ActiveServo" software
Settting the software parameters using the load specific default values
(load constants and load torque)
Recording several operating points for various starter resistance values
Recognising how the motor responds to different loads
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Assembly instructions: "Operating points"
Set up the circuits in accordance with the following circuit and assembly
diagrams
Switch the brake on to, this does not subject the motor to any load
More detailed information on the brake and the software being used can be found in
the corresponding online documentation
Make sure that the ammeter/voltmeter are connected correctly
"Operating points" circuit diagram
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"Operating points" assembly diagram
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Recording the operating points using the simulated load

"Pump/Ventilator"with the "ActiveDrive / ActiveServo" software
Required settings:
Brake:
Industrial line: "PC Mode"
Classic line: "PC Mode"
The following settings are to be carried out subsequently in the"ActiveDrive"/

"ActiveServo" software:
Load machine: "Pump / Ventilator"
Load constant:see experiment procedure
Under the"View" => "Measured value display"mark down all of the

mechanical and electrical variabels with the exception of the slip
Important: Between the individual measurements on the 1 kW machine breaks of 40s

each are to be carried out, to avoid overheating the resistors.
Start the "ActiveDrive / ActiveServo" software andfirst open the file

"eem5_loadcharateristic" (see "connection and starting")
The makethe required settings
The following parameters are to be recorded during this measurement:
Torque M
(n)
Put the motor into operation and set the starter to0 Ohm
Commence the measurement and slowly increase the load constant "I" until the
power level P2 shown in the parameter dialog corresponds to the rated power of the
motor and then save this first "operating point"
Now vary the starter value according to thespecified values, waiting a moment
each time and then saving the additional operating points
Export the created graph after successful measurement and replace the
corresponding space holder set aside for it below
Save the settings under the filename "eem5_Pump-Ventilator"
Additional information pertaining to the load machine "Pump/ Ventilator"and the

definition of load constants "I" can be found in the online documentation of the
"ActiveDrive / ActiveServo" software
30 , 16.3.2013
Space holder for the load characteristic "Pump Ventilator"
How would you describe the characteristic curve of the load torque of the load
machinePump/Ventilator?
Linear
Quadratic correct!
Cubic
What is the magnitude of the load constant "I" when the motor is operating under
nominalpower?
I= ____ correct!
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32 , 16.3.2013
Synchronous motor (Three-phase multifunction machine)
Synchronous motor (slip-ring rotor)

On the next pages you will be performing the following exericises on the
"synchronous motor (slip-ring rotor)":

Rotation reversal
Phase-shifter operation
V-characteristics (stability limits)
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34 , 16.3.2013

Recognise the motor terminals
Put the three-phase multifunction machine into operation as a
synchronous motor
Measure the motor voltage and the motor current
Measure the exciter current
Put the motor into operation using different exciter currents
Put the motor into operation with the brake
Subject the motor to load
Determine the "pull-out torque"
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Assembly instructions: "Connection and starting"
Set up the circuits according to the circuit and assembly diagrams

Switch on the brake too as this does not subject the motor to any load

More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online
documentation
Make sure the ammeter/voltmeter are connected correctly
36 , 16.3.2013
Putting the synchronous motor into operation and recording the load
characteristics at varying excitation
Required settings:

Exciter unit:see tables
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Put the motor into operation and observe it

Brake the motor using the torque levels specified in the tables
The respective exciter current to be set is taken from the appropriate table
Measure the motor current"I" and the speed "n"
Enter the measured values into the tables
As soon as the motor loses "synchronisation", it should be immediately switched off,
and all measured values for the motor current are to be ignored from this point on
First switch on the stator winding, wait a moment until the motor has started and only
then is the rotor winding, i.e. the exciter device connected
Ierr.=0,75 A M/Nm 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

n/(1/min)
I/A
38 , 16.3.2013
Ierr.=1,5 A M/Nm 0.10 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25

n/(1/min)
I/A
Ierr.=3 A M/Nm 0.1 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

n/(1/min)
I/A
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Enter the pull-out torque valuesdetermined for the appropriate exciter currents at
which the motor loses synchonisation!
Mpullout (first measurement) = ____Nm
Mpullout (second measurement) = ____Nm correct!
Mpullout (third measurement)= ____Nm
Which of the following statements are correct?

The increase in exciter current causes a shift of the pull-out
torque to higher torques
When the load is too extreme, only the speed falls, while the
motor continues to operate with rated power
correct!
The increase in the exciter current causes a shift of the pull-
out torque to lower torques
When the load is too extreme the synchronous motor loses
synchronisation
40 , 16.3.2013
Training content: "Rotation reversal"

Recognise the distinction between clockwise and anticlockwise rotation
Operate the motor in both rotation directions
Definition of rotation direction

If you look at the drive shaft end of themachine from the perspective of the working
machine (in our case the brake), the rotating direction is positive when it is clockwise. If
the motor has two workable shaft ends, then it is the shaft end opposite the cooling vents,
collector or slip-rings that is the shaft end which defines the rotation direction.
, 16.3.2013 41
Assembly instructions: "Rotation reversal"

diagrams
Also switch on the brake as this does not subject the motor to any load
Additional information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online-

documentation
42 , 16.3.2013
"Rotation reversal" assembly diagram
Rotation reversal
Switch the motor on and observe it

correct!
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Switch off the motor and modify the circuit in accordance with the circuit diagram
Put the motor into operation and observe it again
44 , 16.3.2013

correct!
What is the correct method to reverse rotation direction?
Reverse the exciter voltage polarity

correct!
Interchange any random two terminals of the stator winding
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46 , 16.3.2013
Training content: "Phase-shifter operation"

Putting the three-phase multifunction machine into operation as a
synchronous motor in phase-shifter mode
Generation of under- and overexcitation using the exciter unit
Recognise that the synchronous motor is able to absorb reactive power
Measure the power factor as a function of the exciter current
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Assembly instructions: "Phase-shifter operation"

diagrams
Also switch on the brake as this does not subject it to any load
More detailed information can be found in the corresponding online documentation
"Phase-shifter operation" circuit diagram
48 , 16.3.2013
"Phase-shifter operation" circuit diagram
Putting the synchronous motor into operation as a phase-shifter
Required settings:
Brake:"Torque Control"mode
Constant torque(see tables)
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Put the motor into operation and set the brake to a constant torque level to be taken
from the following tables
Vary the excitation using the preset values in the tables
Make sure to also measure the power factor cos
Enter the measured values into the tables
Make sure that the ammeter/voltmeter are connected correctly!
M=0,1 Nm Ierr./A 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

cos
+pf
-pf
50 , 16.3.2013
M=0,5 Nm Ierr./A 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

cos
M=1,0 Nm Ierr./A 1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0

cos
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Which type of excitation leads to the generation of inductive or capacitive reactive

power?
At underexcitation capacitive reactive power is generated

At overexcitation capacitive reactive power is generated
correct!
At overexcitation inductive reactive power is generated
At underexcitation inductive reactive power is generated
If you wanted to use the synchronous motor as a reactive power compensator in

thepower mains, which of the listed correlations of mains load and excitation type
would be correct?
In mains with strong inductive loading the synchronous
motor is operated with overexcitation as phase-shifter
In the case of strong capacitive mains loading the
synchronous motor is operated with overexcitation as a
phase-shifter
correct!
In mains under strong inductive loads the synchronous
motor is operated with underexcitation as a phase-shifter
In the case of strong capacitive mains loading the
synchronous motor is operated with underexcitation as a
phase-shifter
52 , 16.3.2013
Training content: "V-characteristics"

Putting the three-phase multifunction machine into operation as a
synchronous motor
Recording the characteristics I = f(Iexc.) (V-characteristics)
Recognising that the exciter current changes proportionally to the load
Determination of the stability limits of the synchronous motor
Measurement of the motor and exciter current
Assembly instructions: "V-characteristics"

diagrams
Also switch on the brake as thisdoes not subject the motor toany load
More detailed information on the brake and the software being used can be found in
the corresponding online documentation
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"V-characteristics" circuit diagram
54 , 16.3.2013
"V-characteristics" diagram
Putting the synchronous motor into operation and recording the V-characteristics
Required settings:
Brake: "Torque Control" mode

Exciter unit:see table
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Brake the motor using the torques specified in the table

Begin with the lowest torque and respectively the highest exciter current
The exciter current to be set can also be taken from the table
Measure the motor current and enter the measurement results into the table
As soon as the motor falls out of synchronisation, it is switched off and all of the
measured values taken after this point in time for the motor current are ignored
Ierr./A 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

M=0,6Nm Imot./A
M=1,2Nm Imot./A
M=1,8Nm Imot./A
At which excitation level does the motor generate capacitive reactive power?
During underexcitation
correct!
During overexcitation
56 , 16.3.2013
How does the synchronous motor respond when the exciter current is lowered to
below the stability limit?
The speed does not change to any noticeable degree

The motor falls out of synchronisation
The torque increases more and more and the motor begins correct!
running rougher and rougher
When the stability limit is fallen below the speed drops off
severely
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58 , 16.3.2013
Synchronous generator (Three-phase multifunction machine)
Synchronous generator (slip-ring rotor)

On the next pages the following exercises will be performed on the
"synchronous generator (slip-ring rotor)":

Load characteristics
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60 , 16.3.2013

Putting the three-phase multifunction machine into operation as
a synchronous generator
Measuring the generator voltage at constant speed and variable
exciter current
Measure the generator voltage at constant excitation and
variable speed
Assembly instructions: "Connection and starting"

diagrams
Also switchon the brakeas this does not subject the machine to any
load

More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online
documentation
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Putting the synchronous generator into operation and measuring the generator
voltage at varying excitaion and constant speed
Required settings:
Brake: "Speed Control"mode

Speed: Synchronous speed (see nominal data of the three-phase multifunction
machine)
Rotation direction of the brake: positive rotation direction
Exciter unit:see table
62 , 16.3.2013
Operate the brake as the drive motor for the synchronous generator
Put the brake into operation and set the speed setting to synchronous speed for the
three-phase multifunction machine
The respective exciter current is to be taken from the table
Measure the respective generator voltage "U2" for the exciter currents
Also observe the torque produced by the drive motor
Ierr./A 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

U2/V
At which exciter current does the synchronous generator achieve nominal voltage
Iexc.= ____A correct!
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How does the drive motor's torquerespond and why does it respond in this way?
At a lower exciter current a higher voltage can be induced in
the rotor circuit which increases the torque of the drive
motor (brake)
If the exciter current increases, the rotor's magnetic field
becomes stronger, which results in an increase in the
required torque correct!
If the exciter current is reduced the generator also absorbs
less electrical energy resulting in an increase in the required
torque
If the exciter current is lowered the generator also absorbs
less mechanical energy, and the required torque falls
Put the synchronous generator into operation and measure the generator voltage
at variable speed and constant excitation
Required settings:
Brake: "Speed Control" mode

Speed: see table
Rotation reversal of the brake: positive rotation direction
Exciter device:see table
Operate the brake as a drive motor for the synchronous generator

Put the brake into operation and take the speed values from the table
The exciter current levels are also taken from the table
Measure the corresponding generator voltage "U2" for each value
64 , 16.3.2013
Ierr.=3A n/(1/min) 500 750 1000 1250 1500

U2/V
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66 , 16.3.2013
Training content: "Load characteristics"

Measure the generator voltage at constant excitation and speed
under variable load
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Assembly instructions: "Load characteristics"

diagrams
Also switch on the brake as this does not subject the machine to any
load
More detailed intormation on the brake can be found in the online documentation
"Load characteristics" circuit diagram
68 , 16.3.2013
"Load characteristics" circuit diagram
Recording the load characteristics at constant excitation and speed
Required settings:
Brake: "Speed Control" mode

Speed: Synchronous speed (see nominal data of the three-phase multifunction
machine)
Rotation reversal of the brake: positive rotation
Exciter device:see table
Load resistance: see table
, 16.3.2013 69
Operate the brake as drive motor for the synchronous generator

Put the brake into operation and set the speed of the three-phase multifunction
machine to synchronous speed
Begin with the lowest value for the load resistor
Each respective value to be set for the load resistance can be taken from the table
Measure here the following variables:
Generator voltage "U"
Generator current "I"
Generator apparent power "S"

Only motor ...-3W: Bear in mind that for the specified resistance values in the table
that there is always one non-adjustable 1 k resistor connected in series to the
variable resistor. The values are to be set accordingly at the variable resistor minus
1 k.
Ierr.=3A
Ra/Ohm I/A U/V S/VA
2000
1500
1300
1200
1100
70 , 16.3.2013
Which of the following statements are true for the load characteristics?
When the generator is under load the generator voltage
increases only slightly
The apparent power is constant independent of the load
When the generator is under load the generator voltage correct!
drops only slightly
The generated apparent power increases linearly with
increasing generator load
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72 , 16.3.2013
Mains synchronisation (Three-phase multifunction machine)
On the next pages the following exercises will be carried out on the
"synchronous generator (slip-ring rotor)":
Fundamentals
Learn various methods to determine the point of synchronisation
Advanced
Generation of capacitive and inductive reactive power
Measure the generator power at variable drive power
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74 , 16.3.2013
Training content: "Synchronisation to mains"

Mains synchronisation with the aid of thebright, dark and three-
lamp method
Mains synchronisation using double frequency and double-
voltage meter and synchronoscope i.e. zero-voltage meter
Determination of the synchronisation time point
Assembly instructions: "Synchronisation to the mains"
Set up the circuits according to the following circuit and assembly

diagrams
Also switch the brake on as this does not subject the machine to any
load
More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding (online)
documentation
, 16.3.2013 75
"Mains synchronisation (dark method)" circuit diagram
76 , 16.3.2013
"Mains snchronisation (dark method)" assembly diagram
Mains synchronisationon the local power network using different

methods
All synchronisation methods require the utmost care and attention!
The generator may under no circumstances be switchedasynchronously on line!
TheSTM brake of theIndustrial Line only partially supports the mains synchronisation
mode. If the STM brake is operated at 1,500 rpm, but differs slightly from the mains
frequency generated by the driven generator.This fault increases with each rotor rotation
and ultimately develops into an ever stronger deviation between the generated frequency
and the mains frequency. What is distinguishable here is that the torque which is needed
slowly increases.To that extent itis necessary to cease synchronisation after a few
seconds in order to avoid submitting the generator and the STM brake to excessive load.
Required settings (all methods):
, 16.3.2013 77
Brake:"Speed Control" for theSTM brake i.e. "Synchronisation & Speed Control"
for the servo brake
Speed: Preset synchronous speed using the control knob
Rotation direction of the brake: clockwise rotation direction
Exciter device:nominal excitation of the three-phase multifunction machine
Mains synchronisation using the dark circuit method
Experiment procedure (dark method circuit):
Operate the brake as a servo drive motor for the synchronous generator
Put the brake into operation and use the control knob to set the synchronous speed
of the three-phase multifunction machine
Switch the exciter unit on
If the lamps should light up alternately then one phase winding on the generator has
to be exchanged
Vary the rotation speed using the control knob so that all of the incandescent lamps
are dark (out)
At the right moment, i.e. when all of the incandescent lamps are dark - activate
the S1 switch thus connecting the generator on line to the mains
This concludes the synchronisation
Observe the generator
Subsequently disconnect the generator again from the mains
Switch off the exciter unit and stop the servo brake
78 , 16.3.2013
Mains synchronisation using the brightmethod circuit
Experiment procedure (bright method):
Modify the circuit connection in accordance with the following circuit diagram
3
1 2
L1 L2 L3
G2 G3 G1
1 2 3
Circuit diagram "Mains synchronisation (bright circuit)"
Experiment procedure (bright circuit cont'd):
, 16.3.2013 79
Put the brake back into operation (see "dark circuit")

If the lamps are supposed to light up alternately, one of the phases on the generator
must be exchanged
Vary the speed using the control knob so that all of the incandescent lamps light up
At the right moment, i.e. when all of the incandescent lamps light up the brightest -
activate the S1 switch thus connecting the generator on line to the mains
This concludes the synchronisation
Subsequently disconnect the generator again from the mains
Switch off the exciter unit and stop the servo brake
80 , 16.3.2013
Mains synchronisation using the three-lamp method
Experiment procedure (three-lamp method):
Alter the circuit connection in accordance with the following circuit diagram
"Mains synchronisation (three-lamp circuit)"
Experiment procedure(three-lamp method cont'd):
, 16.3.2013 81
Put the brake back into operation (see "dark method")

Vary the speed using the speed control knob so that the lamp on the far left in the
circuit is dak while the other two lamps light up
At the right moment - when the lamp on the left is dark and the other two lamps
light up the brightest- activate switch S1 and thus switching the generator on line
to the mains
This completes synchronisation
Afterwards disconnect the generator again from the mains
Switch the exciter unit off and stop the servo brake
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the bright, dark and three-
lamp synchronisation methods?
Dark circuit: All lamps are connected between different line
conductors
Bright circuit: Each of the lamps are connected on one side
with a mains conductor and on the other side with a
generator conductor that is phase-shifted by 120
Three-lamp synchronisation: Combined arrangement of the
lamps, two lamps on one conductor and one lamp between
the other two conductors, consequently only the one lamp
lights up and the other two remain dark
Dark circuit: Since the lamps are each connected into the correct!
same mains and generator conductor leads, the lamps do
not light up at the right phase angle and sequence
Bright circuit: The lamps are all connected in one phase
conductor
Three lamp circuit: Combination of bright and dark circuit.
Two lamps are each connected with their phase phase-
shifted with respect to themains and generator phases
by120 (=> bright circuit). The third lamp is is again
betweenidentical mains and generator phases (=> dark
circuit)
82 , 16.3.2013
What do you need to watch out for with the bright circuit?
With the bright method the rotary field of the synchronous
generator plays no role at all in the synchronisation
In the bright method synchronisation does not necessarily correct!
have to be the case for the incandescent lampsto be
shining the brightest
When should two external conductors of the synchronous generator be exchanged?

This measure is only required if the power mains, to which
the generator is to be synchronised, has the correct
clockwise rotational field
In the case of the bright method, this is only supposed to be
carried out if the incandescent lamps are not lighting up in correct!
cyclical sequence
As soon as the incandescent lamps light up in cyclical
sequence (bright or dark ) the interchanging of the external
conductors is no longer absolutelynecessary
What happens if the generator is connected asynchronously on line to the mains?

Due to the fact that a motor circuit-breaker is integrated into
the circuit, nothing can happen
If the generator should be switched asynchronously to the correct!
mains, very high short-circuit type currents arise which
could endanger both man and machinery.
Mains synchronisation using double frequency meter,double voltmeter and

synchronoscope
, 16.3.2013 83
Modify the circuit connection in accordance with the following circuit and assembly
diagrams
"Mains synchronisation" circuit diagram

(Double frequency meter, double voltmeter and synchronoscope)
84 , 16.3.2013
"Mains synchronisation" assembly diagram

(Double frequency meter, double voltmeter and synchronoscope)
, 16.3.2013 85
Experiment procedure (cont'd):
Operate the brake as a servo drive meter for the synchronous generator
Put the brake into operation and use the control knob to set the synchronous speed
of the synchronous generator
Switch the exciter unit on
Vary the speed using the control know until :
the double frequency meter and double voltmeter indicate the same
measured values for both circuits and
the synchronoscopecomes to a standstill at the mark shown above
As soon as these conditions are fulfilled activate switch S1 and thereby switching
the generator on line to the mains
This concludes synchronisation
Then disconnect the generator from the mains again
86 , 16.3.2013
Mains synchronisation using double frequency meter, double voltmeter and zero
voltage meter
Modify the circuit as specified in the following circuit and assembly diagram
"Mains synchronisation" circuit diagram

(Double frequency meter, double voltmeter and zero voltage meter)
, 16.3.2013 87
"Mains synchronisation"assembly diagram

Experiment procedure (cont'd):
Put the brake back into operation (see "mains synchronisation using double
frequency meter, double voltmeter and synchronoscope")
Vary the speed using the control knob until:
the double frequency meter and the double voltmeterindicate the same
measured values for both circuits and

the zero voltage meter displays 0 V
As soon as these conditions are fulfilled, activate the S1 switch and thereby
connecting the generator on line to the mains
This concludes synchronisation
88 , 16.3.2013
Training content: "Power feed (Classic Line)"

Generation of capacitive and inductive reactive power
Measure the generator power at variable drive power
Assembly instructions: "Power feed (Classic Line)"
Assemble the circuits in accordance with the following circuit and

assembly diagrams
Also switch the brake on as this does not subject the machine to
anyload
More detailed information on the brake can be found on the corresponding online
documentation
, 16.3.2013 89
"Power feed (Classic Line)" circuit diagram

90 , 16.3.2013
"Power feed (Classic Line)" assembly diagram

Generation of capacitive and inductive reactive power (onsynchronised

generator)
Set the generator to mains synchronisation with the aid of the previous chapter
"Synchronisation to mains"
By now activating the S1 switch the servo brake is set to "Torque Control" &
"Synchronisation" mode
Increase the drive torque using the control knob in accordance with the values given
in the table
Vary the exciter current step-by-step as specified in the table below
Measure the generator's electrical power output P, the reactive power Q and the
power factor cos
, 16.3.2013 91
M=-0,4Nm
Ierr./A P/W Q/W cos
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Which of the following statements are true of the synchronous generator's excitation
with respect to the values measured?
In the case of underexcitation the generator feeds
capacitive reactive power into the power mains
In the case of underexcitation the generator feeds inductive
reactive power into the power mains
correct!
In the case of overexcitation the generator absorbs
capacitive reactive power from the power mains
In the case of overexcitation the generator feeds inductive
reactive power into the mains
92 , 16.3.2013
Measure the generator power at variable drive power (on the synchronised
generator)
Set the exciter unit to a constant excitation level(see the table below)
Vary the drive torque step-by-step using the control knob, in accordance with the
values in the table
In the process measure the generator's electrical power output Pphase(Pph.) and
Pexcitation (Pexc.)
Based on the rotation speed and the torque compute the mechanical power
Pmechconsumed, whterby M corresponds to the torque and N corresponds to the
nominal angular frequency.
Based on the variables determined compute the efficiency of the synchronous

generator
Here please take also into account the power Pexcitation consumed for the excitation
of the rotor
Finally after successfully completing the measurments disconnect the generator
from the mains
, 16.3.2013 93
Ierr.=4A 3*Pstr.= Perr.+Pmech= P2/P1*100=

M/Nm Pstr./W P2/W Perr./W Pmech./W P1/W /%
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
-2.0
-2.5
94 , 16.3.2013
How does the speed of the generator respond when the drive power is increased?
The speed drops slightly

The generator is coupled to the power mains by frequency
correct!
and voltage
The speed is increased slightly
Which of the following statements are true of the synchronous generator?

If you would like to attain compensation by the generator in
a mains power system under inductive or capacitive load,
then this can be achieved through targeted underexcitation
or overexcitation
The generator's active power is only affected by its
excitation
correct!
The reactive power of a generator can only be changed by
varying the synchronous speed
A change in the reactive power has no practical significance
whatsoever
An increase in active power is only possible by increasing
the mechanical drive power
, 16.3.2013 95
96 , 16.3.2013
Copyright
Congratulations!
This is the last page. You have completed the course "EEM5 Three-phase
multifunction machines".
Copyright 2009 LUCAS-NLLE GmbH.
This course "EEM 5 Three-phase multifunction machines" is protected by

copyright. All rights pertaining thereto are reserved. Any reproduction of the
document as a file or in written form be it photocopy, microfilm or any other
method or conversion into a machine-compatible language, in particular for data
processing systems, without the expressed written approval of the LUCAS-NLLE
GmbH is strictly forbidden.
The software as described above is made available on the basis of a general licensing
agreement or in the form of a single license. The use or reproduction of the software is
only permitted in strict compliance with the contractual terms stated therein.
If changes have been performed in a manner which was not strictly authorised by the
LUCAS-NLLE GmbH, any product liability or warranty claims pertaining thereto are null
and void.
, 16.3.2013 97

EEM 5 Three-Phase Multifunction Machines (English)

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Course

"EEM 5 Three-phase Multifunction Machines"

Photo: ABB Group

SH5007-1S Version 2.0

Lucas-Nlle GmbH Siemensstrae 2 D-50170 Kerpen (Sindorf)

Copyright 2009 LUCAS-NLLE GmbH.

LUCAS-NLLE Lehr- und Messgerte GmbH

Welcome to the Three-phase Multifunction Machine Course! TheLUCAS-

SO3636-6V Servo drive/servo brake 300W 1 each

Basic safety instructions

General instructions on handling the equipment

Asynchronous motor (slip-ring rotor)

Connection and starting

Training content: "Connection and starting"

Enter the nominal data of the three-phase multifunction machine

cos synchronous ____

Setup instructions: "Connection and Starting"

Additional information on the brake can be found in the corresponding (online)

"Connection and starting" circuit diagram

"Connection and starting" assembly diagram

Brake: Mode "Torque Control"

Put the motor into operation and observe it

M/Nm 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1

Brake: Mode "Torque Control"

Recording several load characteristics with the "ActiveDrive / ActiveServo"

Start the "ActiveDrive / ActiveServo" software

Space reserved for load characteristic

Measurement of the rotor standstill voltage

"Connection and starting (rotor standstill voltage)" circuit diagram

"Connection and starting (rotor standstill voltage)" assembly diagram

How high is the measured rotor standstill voltage Urotor?

What causes the rotor standstill voltage?

Training content: "Rotation reversal"

Definition of rotation direction

Assembly instructions: "Rotation reversal"

Assemble the circuits according to the following circuit and assembly

Additional information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online-

"Rotation reversal" circuit diagram"

"Rotation reversal" assembly diagram

Switch the motor on and observe it

What is the motor's rotation direction?

The motor rotates clockwise

"Rotation reversal" circuit diagram

What is the motor's rotation direction?

The motor rotates clockwise

What is the correct method to reverse rotation direction?

Interchange the terminalsfor therotor winding

Training content: "Operating points"

Assembly instructions: "Operating points"

"Operating points" circuit diagram

"Operating points" assembly diagram

Recording the operating points using the simulated load

The following settings are to be carried out subsequently in the"ActiveDrive"/

Load constant:see experiment procedure

Under the"View" => "Measured value display"mark down all of the

Important: Between the individual measurements on the 1 kW machine breaks of 40s

Start the "ActiveDrive / ActiveServo" software andfirst open the file

Additional information pertaining to the load machine "Pump/ Ventilator"and the

Space holder for the load characteristic "Pump Ventilator"

Synchronous motor (slip-ring rotor)

Connection and starting

Training content: "Connection and starting"

Assembly instructions: "Connection and starting"