ACCIDENT PREVENTION

Introduction: Accidents are quite common on Indian Roads. According to figures by the Road Safety Cell of the
Union Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, there were 3.9 lakh accidents in 2000; 78,911 were killed and 3,
99,265 injured. Moreover with the rapid urbanization, India has seen an un-precedent growth of motor vehicles.
Currently motor vehicle accidents rank ninth in order of disease burden and are projected to be ranked third in the
year 2020. Worldwide, the number of people killed in road traffic crashes each year is estimated at almost 1.2
million, while the number injured could be as high as 50 million. In India, over 80,000 persons die in the traffic
crashes annually, over 1.2 million are injured seriously and about 300000 disabled permanently. Safety studies have
found that a majority of accidents occur either due to the driver's error or due to the negligence of the safety norms.
The statistics show that more number of road accidents take place at blind road corners where we are not able to
visualize the incoming vehicle. Vehicles taking a turn assuming no other vehicle is at the opposite end cause major
road accidents and results in maximum deaths.

Operating principle: an infrared light transmitter transmits light on the highway at certain height on road. The light is
reflected back onto the sensor when a vehicle comes in front of the transmitter, the invisible infrared light rays are
reflected back and falls on the sensor. The sensor then detects this as vehicle and passes information to the computer
chip. The controller now lights up the farend RED signal indicating a vehicle coming on that side. The second
sensor at the far end waits for the vehicle to pass through it and clears the red light indicating that no vehicle at the
far end this way we can detect the vehicle at the invisible end of the road. This project uses regulated 5v, 500mA
power supply. 7805, a three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier
is used to rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/12v step down transformer.

Parts used: we used real time clock, battery, memory, capacitors, resistors and semiconductors etc. A
Microcontroller is used to implement the logic. A transformer is used to step down the ac to dc 12V for the
operation of the circuit.

Step Down Panel-1

transformer RED LED
GREEN LED
IR Transmitter

IR receiver Microcontroller
Panel-2
IR Transmitter RED LED
Block Diagram GREEN LED
IR receiver

Applications:
1) Schools and offices and homes
Precautions:
1) Do not touch any conducting parts with wet hands.
2) Always give few seconds gap between each vehicle passing through the sensor.