ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF MULTI STOREYED BUILDINGS

V.M.RAJAN,M.E.(Struct),FIE,

Former CE/Civil/TANGEDCO

******

Example:

SINGLE BAY SINGLE STOREY FRAME WITH HINGED END :

Data:

Centre to centre of frame : 3.50m

Span of frame : 10.50m

Number of bay : One

Number of storey : One

Storey Height : 4.85 m

Intended Use of structure : Control Room Building

Loads to be considered : IS 875- 2007

Member Sizes : Column 300 x 500 mm

: Main Beam 300 x 750 mm

: End Beam 230 x 300 mm

: Slab Thickness 120 mm

Concrete Grade M20 Steel Grade Fe 415

Support condition : Bottom Hinged.

Step 1: Design of Slab

Same as in the Previous problem.

Step 2: Preliminary size of beams and columns

Same as in previous problem.

Beam size : 300 x 750mm

Column size: 500 x 300 mm

End Beam : 230 x 300 mm

Step 3: Frame Analysis:

3.1 Calculate Load/m run on intermediate frame

3.2 calculation of moment of Inertia

3.3 Distribution factor

3.4 Fixed End Moment

3.5 . Moment Distribution by HARDY CROSS Method (Full Frame)

Joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
DF - 0.24 0.76 0.76 0.24 -
FEM -252.66 +252.66
Distribution 60.64 192.02 -192.02 -60.64

Carry over -96.01 96.01

Distribution 23.04 72.97 -72.97 -23.04

Carry over -36.49 36.49

Distribution
8.76 27.73 -27.73 -8.76
Total 0 92.44 -92.44 +92.44 -92.44 0

Beam Bending moment:

At Support MBC= -92.44 KNm

At Mid span:

Simply supported bending moment at centre= wL2 /8 = 27.50 x 10.502/8

= 378.98 KN.m

Maximum +ve Bending moment at mid span BC = 378.98 92.44 =286.54 KN.m

Bending moment for Column:

MAB= 41.84 KNm. (At Bottom) MBA = 92.44 KNm (At Top)

Factored B.M at bottom=1.5 x 41.84=62.76 KNm

Factored B.M. at top = 1.5 x 92.44 =138.66 KNm

Bending Moment Diagram:

Shear Force:

Max. Shear Force = wL/2 = 27.50 x 10.50/2= 144.38 KN

Factored Shear Force =1.5 x 144.38 =216.57 KN

Working Shear face at A =[ MA + MB]/ H=[41.84 +92.44] /4.85=27.69 KN

Factored shear Force at A =VuA= 1.5 x 27.69=41.54 KN

Design of Beam section :

At Mid Span Section ( TEE BEAM):

The Mid span section of this beam is designed as a T-beam.

Working BM = 286.54 KNm

Design Moment = 1.5 x 286.54 =429.81 KNm

Flange Width bf = L0/6 + bw + 6 Df = 0.7 x 10.50/6 +0.30 + 6 x 0.12=2.245m say

2.25m. OR Centre to centre of Beam=3.50m whichever is less. Take bf =2.25m
D=750 mm d= 750-25-8-20/2=707mm

Moment capacity of flange alone =Muf=0.36 fck bf Df (d- 0.42 Df)

= 0.36 x 20 x 2250 x 120 x (707- 0.42 x 120) = 1276.43 x 106 Nm =1276.43 KNm

Mu i.e. 429.81 KNm Hence the NA lies within the flange. OR

bf/bw = 2.25/0.3=7.5 Df/d = 0.12/0.707=0.17

Referring to Table 58 of SP16, the moment resistance factor is given by KT=0.589,

Mulim=KT bwd2 fck = 0.589 x 300 x 7072 x 20/1x106 = 1766.47 kN-m > Mu i.e 429.81
KNm . Hence Safe.

The reinforcement is computed using Table 2 of SP16.

Mu/b d2 = 429.81 x 106/2250 x 7072 =0.38

Refering Table 2 of SP 16 pt=0.108

Ast= 0.108/100 x 2250 x 707= 1718 mm2

No of 20 mm dia bar = 1718/( x202/4) = 5.47 say 6 bars

Hence (3 +3) Nos. of #20 at bottom and 3 Nos. #20 at top in the mid span

At Support ( Rectangular section) :

Design moment MuB=1.5 x 92.44 = 138.66 kN-m

MuB/bd2= 138.66 x106/300x7072=0.92 From table 2 of SP16 pt=0.270

Ast=0.270 x 300 x 707 / 100 = 573 mm2

No of 20 mm dia bar = 573 /( x202/4) =1.82 say 3

Hence 3 Nos. of #20 at the top near the ends for a distance of o.25 L = 2.50 m from
face of the column as shown in Fig 6.6

Check for Shear:

Factored SF =1.5 x 144.38= 216.57 KN

Nominal shear stress v= 216.57 x 103 /300 x 707=1.02 N/mm2 < 2.80 N/mm2
For pt=100x 942/(300x707)=0.44

Permissible stress for pt=0.44 from table 19 c=0.4512 < v

Shear carrying capacity of concrete Vuc =c b d = 0.4512 x 300 x 707/1000

= 95.70 KN

Balance Shear to be taken by stirrups Vus=216.57- 95.70 = 120.97 kN

Spacing 2 legged 8 mm dia stirrup sv= 0.87 fy Asv d/ Vus

= 0.87 x 415 x 2 x50 x 707 /120.97 x 103 =211 mm

Provide #8 Two legged stirrups at 200 mm c/c (equal to maximum spacing)

Web Reinforcement:

As the depth is equal to 750mm, web reinforcement is necessary. As per clause

25.5.1.3 of IS 456-2000

Total area of side reinforcement =0.1/100 x 300 x 750=225 mm2

Provide 2 Nos #8 RTS on either side at mid depth (Ast=452 mm2 > 225 mm2)

Check for deflection:

For pt = 100 x 6 x 314/2250 x 707 =0.12% Modification Factor from Fig 3 of IS 456-
2000 = 1= 1.90 For flanged section bw/bf= 300/2250=0.133 < 0.3

Modification factor 3

Required effective depth = L/26 x 1 x3 =10500 /26 x 1.9 x 0.8= 265.68mm

<707 mm Ok.
Design of Column Section :

(i) At Top Section:

Axial Load at Top:

Load from Main Beam 27.50 x 10.50/2 = 144.38 KN

Load from end beam 0.23 x (0.30-0.12) x 25x3.50 = 3.62 KN

Load due to parapet wall 0.23 x 0.90x 3.50x 19.2 = 13.91KN

Total Axial Load =161.91 KN

Factored Axial Load 1.5 x 161.91=242.87 KN

Ultimate Bending moment at top 1.5 x 92.44 =138.66 KNm

Height of column =4.85 m

Unsupported length of column =4.85 0.75/2 = 4.475 m

Bending about X axis bisecting depth of section:

Emini= L/500 + D/30 = 4475/500 + 400/30=22.28 mm

Mmini = Pu emini= 242.87 x 22.28/1000=5.41 KNm < 138.66 KNm Mu1=138.66 KNm

Since the column is subjected to vertical load only and its top end is held in position
hence Leff is assumed to 0.8 x unsupported length of column.

Leff= 0.8 x 4.475 =3.58 m

Leff/D= 3.58/0.40= 8.95 <12 Column is Short.

Assuming 8 mm lateral ties and 20 mm Dia bars

Effective cover =40+8+20/2 =58 mm

d/D =58/500 =0.116 =0.12

Pu/fck b D= 242.87 x 103/ 20 x 300 x 500= 0.08

Mu/fck b D2 = 138.66 x 106 /20 x 300 x 5002 = 0.09 say 0.10

Referring to charts 44 & 45 of SP 16

 d/D Pu/fck b D Mu/fck b D2 p/fck
0.10 0.08 0.10 0.058
0.15 0.08 0.10 0.062
0.12 0.08 0.10 0.060

p= 0.060 x 20 = 1.20

Ast = 1.20 /100 x 300 x 500 = 1800 mm2

Mini. Ast = 0.80/100 x 300 x 500= 1200 mm2

Provide (4 Nos. 20 mm Dia + 4 Nos. 16mm Dia) RTS Distributed equally on each face.

Total Ast Provided = 2060 mm2 > 1800 mm2

Bending about Y axis bisecting width of column:

The Column is braced at lintel level by beam of size 230 mm x 300mm at height of
2.50m above plinth level.

Unsupported length of top section of column,

= 4.85 (2.5 +0.6+0.3) =1.45 m

Eminiy= L/500 +b/30 = 1450 /500 + 300/30 = 12.90 mm

Mininy = Pu eminiy = 242.87 x 12.90/1000=3.13 KNm

Ieff/ b= 14500/300 =4.83 < 12.0 Column is short.

d/ b = 58/300 = 0.19 say 0.20

Pu/fck b D= 242.87 x 103/ 20 x 300 x 500= 0.08

Mu/fck b D2 = 3.13 x 106 /20 x 300 x 5002 = 0.0021

Referring to chart 46 of SP 16 p/fck < Mini. Chart value. Hence adopt same
reinforcement.

Column at Bottom Section:

Assuming depth of Footing = 400mm

Ultimate load at top of Footing:

Load at top of Column = 161.91 KN.

Self weight of column 0.3 x 0.5 x 4.85 x 25 = 18.19 KN

Outer Wall Load .23 x (4.85-0.75-0.3) x 19.2 x 3.20 = 54.41 KN

Weight of Grade beam 0.3 x 0.6 x 10.50/2 x 25 = 23.63 KN

0.23 x 0.3 x 3.50 x 25 = 6.04 KN

Total load on Column at Footing level = 264.18 KN

Ultimate Load on Column 1.5 x 264.18 = 396.27 KNm

Ultimate Bending Moment at Footing level 1.5 x 41.84 = 62.76 KNm

d/D =58/500 =0.116 =0.12

Pu/fck b D= 396.27 x 103/ 20 x 300 x 500= 0.13

Mu/fck b D2 = 62.76 x 106 /20 x 300 x 5002 = 0.04

Referring to charts 44 & 45 of SP 16

d/D Pu/fck b D Mu/fck b D2 p/fck

0.10 0.13 0.04 < Chart value
0.15 0.13 0.04 < Chart value
0.12 0.13 0.04 < Chart value

Mini. Ast = 0.80/100 x 300 x 500= 1200 mm2

Provide (4 Nos. 20 Dia +4 Nos. 16 mm Dia) RTS Distributed equally on each face.

Total Ast Provided = 2060 mm2 > 1200 mm2

Design of End beam (230 x 300 mm):

Using one way continuous slab coefficients given in Table 9 of IS 456-2000, the
bending moment for End beam may be calculated and designed similar to Main Beam.
Design of Footing:

Size of the Footing:

Axial Load on footing =396.27/1.5 =264.18 KN

Self weight of footing 10% = 26.42 KN

Total load =290.60 KN

SBC of soil =150 KN/m2

Working moment at top of footing M =41.84 KNm

Eccentricity e =M/P = 41.84/290.60 = 0.14m

To avoid tension in the foundation breadth b =6 e =6 x 0.14=0.84 m

Area of footing required =290.60/150=1.91m2

Provide 1.50 x 1.30m size of footing with equal projection on both sides.

Actual soil pressure =264.18/1.50 x 1.30=135.48 KN/m2

< 150 KN/m2 (SBC)

Factored soil pressure 1.5 x 135.48 =203.22 KN/m2

Bending moment & Steel:

Cantilever projection = 1500 -500 =500mm

Mux =Muy = 203.22 x 0.502 /2 x 1.50 =38.10 KNm

Depth required d= 38.10 x 106/2.76 x 1500 =95.93 mm

Provide D =350 mm & d=350-50-10-10/2=285 mm

K=Mu/b d2 = 38.10 x 106 /1500 x2852 =0.31

pt from Table 2 of SP 16 =0.0879 , 0.205 i.e Minimum steel

Minimum Ast= 0.205 x 1500 x 285 = 876.38 mm2

100

Provide 12 Nos. 10 mm RTS bothways. (Ast = 942 mm2 > 876.38mm2)

Development length:

Development length = 47 # = 47 x 10 =470mm

Available anchorage = 500-50 (cover) =450mm < 470mm

Hence bent the rod at the end upwards for footing depth.

Check for one way shear:

Shear at d=285mm from face of the column = 0.215 x 1.3 x 203.22 =56.80KN

100 Ast/b d =100 x 942/1500 x 285= 0.22 %

c from Table of IS 456-2000 =0.342 N/mm2

Actual shear stress = 56.80 x 103 /1500 x 285 = 0.13 N/mm2 < 0.342 N/mm2

Check for two way shear :

Factored shear at d= 285/2 from face of the column

Vu ={ 1.50 x 1.3 (0.785 x 0.585)} x 203.22 =302.96 KN

d=285 mm b= (500+285) + (300 + 285) =1370mm

v = Vu/ Perimeter x d= 302.96 x 103/1370 x 285 = 0.776 N /mm2

Design shear =ks c =

Ks=(0.5 +c) =1.5 ks should not greater than 1

Ks=1 c=0.25 fck = 0.25 20 = 1.12 N/mm2

Ks c = 1 x 1.12 =1.12 N/mm2

v < ks c Hence Ok.

Check for cracking:

Clear distance between bars = (1500 -100-10)/ (12-1) =126.36mm <180mm Ok.

Check for bearing stress :

Allowable bearing stress = 0.45 fck A1/A2

A1/A2 should not greater than 2

Allowable bearing stress = 0.45 fck x 2 =0.45 x 20 x 2= 18 N/mm2

Actual Shear stress = Column load/Area of top of footing = 1.5 x 264.18 x 103

500 x 300

=2.64 N/mm2 < 18 N/mm2 Hence Ok.

Also dowels are not required.

Check for self weight of footing:

Weight of footing at base =1.5 x 1.3 x 0.35 x 25 =17.06 KN < 26.42KN Ok.

Sketch :
Grade Beam Design : the Grade Beam may be Designed for wl2/30 as per IS 2911.