Index

INDEX
A Actinic keratosis, 8990

AAOP, 281 Actinomyces israelii, 176
Abacavir Actinomycosis, 177f
for HIV infection, 544 cervicofacial, 176177
Abciximab intestinal, 176
for unstable coronary syndromes, 374 Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), 458
Aberrant salivary glands, 244 Acupuncture
ABO blood group antigens, 202 for radiation-induced xerostomia, 249
Abrikosov's myocytes, 148 for TMD, 293
Abscess Acute atrophic candidiasis, 96, 96f
swelling of, 250f Acute bronchitis, 349350
ABVD Acute coronary syndromes, 373377
for Hodgkin's disease, 449450 Acute inflammations, 175179
Acantholysis, 69 Acute intrinsic renal failure, 411412
Acanthosis nigricans, 169t, 173, 185t Acute leukemia, 443444
Acarbose, 569 Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 443444
Accessory nerve Acute monomyelogenous leukemia
examination of, 22 gingival infiltrates in, 448f
ACEIs Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), 443444
for chronic renal failure, 419 ecchymoses, 469f
for coronary artery disease, 373 morphologic subtypes of, 444t
for heart failure, 382 palatal chloromas in, 448f
for hypertension, 367, 369t Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG), 6163, 62f
Acetaminophen clinical manifestations of, 62
for chronic pain, 315 treatment of, 6263
Acid-etching materials Acute pain
adverse effects of, 88 vs. chronic pain, 312
Acinar cells, 236 Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis, 9496
Acinic cell carcinoma, 263264 Acute renal failure, 411412
Acoustic nerve oral health considerations of, 423
examination of, 21 Acute unstable coronary syndromes
Acquired immunity, 479480 diagnosis of, 374
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 165, 250, Acyclovir, 447
397 for erythema multiforme, 59
death rate, 542t for herpes simplex virus infection, 54, 68, 76
Kaposi's sarcoma with, 129 for herpes zoster, 57
malignant disease in, 215 for nervous intermedius neuralgia, 330
oral hairy leukoplakia with, 93 for oral hairy leukoplakia, 94
prognosis, 543t in transplantation, 510
raking of, 541t ADD, 294
Acquired platelet disorders, 461462 clinical manifestations of, 294295
Acrolein Addison's disease, 133
adverse effects of, 356 Adenocarcinoma, 205f, 264, 359
Acromegaly, 582 Adenocystic carcinoma
ACTH arising in maxillary sinus
adverse effects of, 397 computed tomography of, 47f
for ulcerative colitis, 396 Adenoid cystic carcinoma, 263
623
624 Burkets Oral Medicine
Adenoidectomy, 345 Allergic shiners, 343

Adenoma Allergic sialadenitis, 249
canalicular, 262 Allergies, 498500
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, 161162, 162f history of, 10
Adenomatous polyposis carcinoma (APC) gene, 171 Allodynia, 312
Adenomatous polyposis coli, 196198 Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), 514
Adenopathy Allogeneic transplants, 504
palpation for, 15 Allografts, 504
Adenovirus, 342, 348 Allopurinol
and transplantation, 511 adverse effects of, 57
Adrenal diseases, 583587 Alprazolam
diagnosis of, 585 for chronic pain, 316
management of, 585586 ALS, 596597
oral health considerations of, 586587 Alveolar lymphangiomas, 147
pathophysiology of, 583585 Alzheimer's disease, 606
prognosis of, 586 Amalgam tattoo, 134
treatment of, 586 Amantadine, 597598
Adrenal insufficiency Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
signs and symptoms of, 585t for hypertension, 366
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
adverse effects of, 397 chronic, 421
for ulcerative colitis, 396 Ameloblastic fibroma, 164, 165f
Advanced glycation end products, 567 Ameloblastoma, 159161, 160f, 165f
Adynamic bone disease, 416 American Academy of Orofacial Pain (AAOP), 281
African Americans, 166 American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)
aging of, 5 tumor classification of, 198199, 198t
cancer in American Society of Anesthesiologists physical scoring sys-
survival rate of, 198 tem, 26t
oropharyngeal cancer in, 195 Amifostine (Ethyol), 219, 222
pigmentation of, 132 for mucositis, 221222
Witkop's disease in, 8687 radioprotective properties of, 248
African form Aminocaproic acid
of Kaposi's sarcoma, 129 after oral surgical procedures, 471
Age-related changes in oral health, 609610 Amiodarone
Agranulocytosis, 439440 for atrial fibrillation, 383
AIDS. See Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Amitriptyline, 292
Airway infections for atypical facial pain, 332
lower, 348359 for burning mouth syndrome, 334
upper, 341349 for chronic pain, 316
AJCC for postherpetic neuralgia, 330
tumor classification of, 198199, 198t for post-traumatic neuropathic pain, 331
Albright's syndrome, 149150, 150, 169t, 173 AML, 443444
Albuterol ecchymoses, 469f
for asthma, 354 morphologic subtypes of, 444t
for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 356 palatal chloromas in, 448f
Alcohol, 195 Amlexanox paste
Alcoholic cardiomyopathy, 382 recurrent aphthous stomatitis for, 65
Alcoholic hepatitis, 401402 Amodiaquine antimalarials
Alcoholism adverse effects of, 132
and salivary gland dysfunction, 255 Amoxicillin
Alendronate for bronchitis, 349
for reflex sympathetic dystrophy, 331 for chronic renal failure, 424
ALL, 443444 for otitis media, 345
Allergen immunotherapy for sinusitis, 346
for asthma, 355 Amoxicillin plus clavulanate
Allergic conjunctivitis, 342344 for otitis media, 345
Allergic rhinitis, 342344 for sinusitis, 346
Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, 342 Amphogel
Allergic salute, 343 for mucositis, 220
Index 625
Amphotericin B for valvular heart disease, 379

for mucormycosis, 79 Anticancer drugs
for oral candidiasis, 101 adverse effects of, 61
Ampicillin Anticholinergics, 265
adverse effects of, 399400 Anticoagulant-related coagulopathies, 463
for pneumonia, 351 Anticoagulants
Amyloidosis, 170t, 175 and dental care, 375377
and renal disease, 414 oral health considerations of, 472473
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 596597 for prosthetic heart valves, 379t
Analgesic ladder Antifungal drugs
WHO, 219 for xerostomia, 259
Anaphylaxis Antigen presenting cells, 505
generalized, 499500 Antihypertensive medication, 368t369t
localized, 498499 Antilymphocyte globulin
Anemia, 430 in transplantation, 509
from decreased red cell production, 436437 Antimicrobial medication
from hemolysis, 432433 in transplantation, 510
from iron loss, 431432 Antioxidants
Anemia of chronic disease and coronary artery disease, 372
in SLE, 487 Antiperspirants, 265
Anesthesia Antiplatelet medications, 374t
American Society of Anesthesiologists physical scoring Antithrombin medications, 374t
system for, 26t Antithymocyte
Anesthesia dolorosa, 329 in transplantation, 509
Anetholetrithione (Sialor), 222, 259260 ANUG, 6163, 62f
Aneurysm clinical manifestations of, 62
rupture of, 593 treatment of, 6263
Aneurysmal bone cyst, 152 Anxiety
Anger and chronic pain, 313
and chronic pain, 313 Aortic regurgitation, 378
Angiomatous syndromes, 145147 Aortic valve disease, 378379
Angiosarcoma, 129 APC gene, 171
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) Aphthous stomatitis, 397
for chronic renal failure, 419 recurrent. See Recurrent aphthous stomatitis
for coronary artery disease, 373 Aphthous ulcers, 398399, 556f
for heart failure, 382 with HIV infection, 554
for hypertension, 367, 369t Aplastic anemia, 437
Angiotensin II receptor blockers Apparent polycythemia, 430
for hypertension, 369t Appliance therapy
Angular cheilitis, 9798, 549, 550f for TMD, 291
Anistreplase aPTT, 458
for pulmonary embolism, 358 Arm
Ankylosis, 300 erythema multiforme of, 58f
Ann Arbor staging classification, 449t Arrhythmia, 382384
Anorexia nervosa, 404 Arter
and salivary gland dysfunction, 255
Antacids
for hiatal hernia, 392
Anterior disk displacement
with reduction, 294295
without reduction, 295296
Antianxiety agents, 292
Antibiotic-induced diarrhea, 399400
Antibiotic prophylaxis
for diabetics, 574
for infective endocarditis, 378
standard regimens for, 380t
for total joint replacement, 497t
for transplantation, 519
Index 627
Biopsy for acute leukemia, 445

for erosive lichen planus, 75 Bordetella pertussis, 349
of pemphigus vulgaris, 6970 Botulinum toxin, 265
of salivary glands, 242 Bowen's disease, 105
Birthmark, 147 Brachytherapy, 209213
Bismuth Bracing, 310t
adverse effects of, 135 Brainstem syndrome
for duodenal ulcer, 395 with Behet's syndrome, 66
Bisphosphonates Breakthrough pain, 315
for reflex sympathetic dystrophy, 331 Breslow method, 131
Bisulfan Bromhexine, 222, 259
in transplantation, 509 Bronchiolitis, 352353
Bjork-Shiley valve, 379 Bronchiolitis obliterans
Black hairy tongue, 116117, 117f and transplantation, 512
Black neonates Bronchitis
alveolar lymphangiomas in, 147 acute, 349350
Blacks. See African Americans chronic, 355
Blastomycosis, 78 Bronchodilators
oral manifestations of, 78 for bronchiolitis, 352
treatment of, 78 Brown heme-associated lesions, 134
Bleeding and clotting disorders, 454473 Brown melanotic lesions, 130133
and ability to withstand care, 474 Brown tumors, 418
classification of, 459462 Bruxism, 293294
clinical and laboratory findings, 457458 b-thalassemia major, 435436
clinical features of, 458t Buccal ecchymoses, 469f
dental patient identification with, 464 Buccal mucosa
hemostatic screening tests for, 459t amalgam tattoo of, 135f
and infection susceptibility, 473 leukoplakia of, 200f
management of, 464468 varices of, 128
oral finding in, 468 Buccinator muscle, 277
oral health considerationsoral health considerations of, Bulimia, 404
468473 and salivary gland dysfunction, 255
pathophysiology of, 455458 Bullae, 51
prognosis of, 468 Bullous lichen planus, 7475
Bleeding time, 458459 Bullous pemphigoid, 7172, 71f
Blenoxane clinical manifestations of, 71
adverse effects of, 183 treatment of, 71
Bleomycin (Blenoxane) Buprenorphine
adverse effects of, 183 for chronic pain, 316
Block injections Burkitt's lymphoma, 450
for coagulopathies, 471 Burning feet, 415
Blood glucose Burning mouth syndrome, 332333, 571
hormonal regulation of, 564t Burp, 391
Blood pressure Burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E), 429
classification of, 365t Buspirone, 294
measurement of, 14, 15t Busulfan
in dental setting, 370t for chronic myelocytic leukemia, 445
values of, 14t for polycythemia vera, 430
Bloodroot plant, 92 Butorphanol
Blood typing for chronic pain, 316
Blue nevus, 130131
Blue/purple vascular lesions, 127130
BMT, 503
for acute leukemia, 445
Bone cyst
aneurysmal, 152
traumatic, 152
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT), 503
Index 627
Biopsy for acute leukemia, 445

for erosive lichen planus, 75 Bordetella pertussis, 349
of pemphigus vulgaris, 6970 Botulinum toxin, 265
of salivary glands, 242 Bowen's disease, 105
Birthmark, 147 Brachytherapy, 209213
Bismuth Bracing, 310t
adverse effects of, 135 Brainstem syndrome
for duodenal ulcer, 395 with Behet's syndrome, 66
Bisphosphonates Breakthrough pain, 315
for reflex sympathetic dystrophy, 331 Breslow method, 131
Bisulfan Bromhexine, 222, 259
in transplantation, 509 Bronchiolitis, 352353
Bjork-Shiley valve, 379 Bronchiolitis obliterans
Black hairy tongue, 116117, 117f and transplantation, 512
Black neonates Bronchitis
alveolar lymphangiomas in, 147 acute, 349350
Blacks. See African Americans chronic, 355
Blastomycosis, 78 Bronchodilators
oral manifestations of, 78 for bronchiolitis, 352
treatment of, 78 Brown heme-associated lesions, 134
Bleeding and clotting disorders, 454473 Brown melanotic lesions, 130133
and ability to withstand care, 474 Brown tumors, 418
classification of, 459462 Bruxism, 293294
clinical and laboratory findings, 457458 b-thalassemia major, 435436
clinical features of, 458t Buccal ecchymoses, 469f
dental patient identification with, 464 Buccal mucosa
hemostatic screening tests for, 459t amalgam tattoo of, 135f
and infection susceptibility, 473 leukoplakia of, 200f
management of, 464468 varices of, 128
oral finding in, 468 Buccinator muscle, 277
oral health considerationsoral health considerations of, Bulimia, 404
468473 and salivary gland dysfunction, 255
pathophysiology of, 455458 Bullae, 51
prognosis of, 468 Bullous lichen planus, 7475
Bleeding time, 458459 Bullous pemphigoid, 7172, 71f
Blenoxane clinical manifestations of, 71
adverse effects of, 183 treatment of, 71
Bleomycin (Blenoxane) Buprenorphine
adverse effects of, 183 for chronic pain, 316
Block injections Burkitt's lymphoma, 450
for coagulopathies, 471 Burning feet, 415
Blood glucose Burning mouth syndrome, 332333, 571
hormonal regulation of, 564t Burp, 391
Blood pressure Burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E), 429
classification of, 365t Buspirone, 294
measurement of, 14, 15t Busulfan
in dental setting, 370t for chronic myelocytic leukemia, 445
values of, 14t for polycythemia vera, 430
Bloodroot plant, 92 Butorphanol
Blood typing for chronic pain, 316
Blue nevus, 130131
Blue/purple vascular lesions, 127130
BMT, 503
for acute leukemia, 445
Bone cyst
aneurysmal, 152
traumatic, 152
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT), 503
Index 629
Cerebral infarction, 593 Christmas factor deficiency, 462

Cerebral palsy, 598599 Chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, 421
Cerebrovascular accident, 593594 Chronic atrophic candidiasis, 9698
Cerebrovascular disease, 593595 Chronic bronchitis, 355
Cervical muscles Chronic bullous disease of childhood (CBDC), 74
palpation of, 287 Chronic candidiasis, 549
Cervical nerves, 308t Chronic cutaneous lupus (CCL), 113
Cervical tuberculosis lymphadenitis, 529f Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis, 98, 98f, 99f
Cervicofacial actinomycosis, 176177 Chronic hyperplastic gingivitis, 179
Cevimeline Chronic idiopathic neutropenia, 442443
for Sjogren's syndrome, 260 ulcers with, 443f
CFU-E, 429 Chronic leukemia, 445448
Charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor, 37f Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 71, 446447
Chediak-Higashi syndrome, 441442 Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, 99, 100f
Cheeks Chronic multifocal candidiasis, 9899, 100f
biting, 77f Chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), 445446
chewing, 88 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 355357
examination of, 16 Chronic orofacial pain
pedunculated fibrous inflammatory hyperplasia of, 140f assessment of, 319328
Cheilitis, 8990, 90f associated with systemic disease, 324325
Cheilitis granulomatosa, 178f confused with toothache, 324
Chemotherapy, 213 consultation and referral for, 323
Cherubism, 152, 153f diagnostic imaging of, 323
histologic features of, 153f diagnostic nerve blocks for, 323324
Chest radiography disability and behavioral assessment, 321322
for heart failure, 381 examination of, 319328
Chewing tobacco, 9091, 202 history of, 319320
Chickenpox, 55 indicating serious disease, 324
Chief complaint, 9 laboratory tests for, 323
Chi gong, 249 physical examination, 320321
Child-Pugh classification, 402 psychological and emotional factors of, 326327
Children responses to unexplained symptoms, 325
asthma in, 352354 screening of, 322t
cafe au lait pigmentation in, 132 Chronic pain, 312316
dental therapy for hemophilia, 472 vs. acute pain, 312
graphite tattoo in, 135 behavioral issues in, 313
hemangiomas in, 127 diagnostic coding of, 317t
lymphoma drug therapy for, 315316
dental root alteration, 518f pathophysiology of, 312313
oral lesions in treatment of, 313314
with HIV infection, 556 Chronic pain syndrome, 312
radiotherapy for, 225226 Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania, 334
TMD in, 281 Chronic renal failure, 412413
Chipmunk facies, 436 medical management of, 419423
Chlamydia, 348, 350, 351 oral health considerations of, 423427
Chlamydia pneumoniae, 349 Chronic temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
Chlorambucil prediction of, 288
for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 446 Cicatricial pemphigoid, 7274, 72f
for polycythemia vera, 430 in elderly, 612
Chlorhexidine Cigarettes, 195
for mucositis, 221 and coronary artery disease, 371
for phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia, 182 Cimetidine
Chlorzoxazone, 292 for duodenal ulcer, 395
Cholestasis, 401 Cinnamon allergy, 60f, 74
Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) trial, 370 Circumvallate dorsum, 138
Cholesterol-lowering medications, 371t Cirrhosis
CHOP liver, 403
for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 450 Cisapride
for GERD, 391
Index 631
post-translplantation, 519 for varices, 128

for SLE, 489 Cryptococcus, 350
in transplantation, 509, 513 Cryptococcus neoformans
for ulcerative colitis, 396 and transplantation, 512
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), 580f Cryptosporidium, 532533
Cortisol, 573, 580f epidemiology of, 533t
Corynebacterium, 346 CSA. See Cyclosporine A
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, 348 CT, 4041
Cost costs of, 48
of magnetic resonance imaging, 43 streak artifact in, 41f
of maxillofacial imaging, 48 Cushing's disease, 583
Cotswold classification, 449t Cushing's syndrome, 133, 172, 460, 583
Coumadin, 376 treatment of, 586
for atrial fibrillation, 383 Cutaneous freckle. See Ephelis
for heart failure, 382 CVID, 481
for prosthetic heart valves, 379 CVP
Coumarin, 463 for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 450
Cowden's syndrome, 169t, 174, 185t, 405 Cyclic neutropenia, 440441, 441f
COX, 315 lesions of, 442f
Coxsackievirus infections, 5455, 342, 348 Cyclobenzaprine
CPK, 374 for chronic pain, 316
Cranial arteritis, 334 Cyclooxygenase (COX), 315
Cranial nerve, 308t Cyclophosphamide
examination of, 1920, 20t, 321t for multiple myeloma, 451
function of, 19 for pemphigus vulgaris, 70
Cranial nerve III, IV, V (ocular nerves) for polycythemia vera, 430
examination of, 20 in transplantation, 509
herpes zoster of, 56f Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and pred-
Cranial nerve II (optic nerve) nisone (CHOP)
examination of, 20 for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 450
Cranial nerve I (olfactory nerve) Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP)
examination of, 19 for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 450
Cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve), 308 Cyclosporine A (CSA)
examination of, 21 adverse effects, 511
Cranial nerve VII (facial nerve), 308 for Behet's syndrome, 66
examination of, 21 drug interactions with, 519
Cranial nerve VIII (acoustic nerve) for erosive lichen planus, 75
examination of, 21 induced-gingival hyperplasia, 182183
Cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve), 308 for oral lichen planus, 110
examination of, 20 in transplantation, 507
Cranial nerve XI (accessory nerve) for ulcerative colitis, 396
examination of, 22 Cystic fibrosis, 357358
Cranial nerve X (vagus nerve), 308 Cystic hygromas, 147
examination of, 21 Cytarabine
Cranial neuralgia for acute leukemia, 444
classification of, 318t Cytokines
Creatine phosphokinase (CPK), 374 for mucositis, 221
Creatinine clearance test, 410 Cytomegalovirus (CMV), 51, 165, 249, 250251
CRH, 580f with HIV infection, 551
Crohn's disease, 175, 178, 179f, 395396, 398399 and transplantation, 512
Cross-matching, 506
Cross syndrome, 185t D
Crowe's sign, 168 Daclizumab
CRPS, 312313 in transplantation, 509
Cryoprecipitate Dapsone
for hemophilia, 465 adverse effects of, 73
for platelet defects secondary to uremia, 416 for erosive lichen planus, 75
Cryosurgery for erythema multiforme, 59
for hemangiomas, 127, 146 for mucous membrane pemphigoid, 73
for pemphigus vulgaris, 70
for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 65
Dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome, 73
Darier's disease, 244
Index 633
Dialysis, 421f for burning mouth syndrome, 333

medications to avoid during, 427t for chronic pain, 316
for platelet defects secondary to uremia, 416 for postherpetic neuralgia, 330
vascular access site, 422f for post-traumatic neuropathic pain, 331
Diarrhea Doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine, dacarbazine (ABVD)
antibiotic-induced, 399400 for Hodgkin's disease, 449450
Diascopy, 146 Doxycycline, 296297
DIC, 459, 464 D-penicillamine
management of, 468 for scleroderma, 493
Diclofenac, 292 DRG, 24
Didanosine (ddl) Drug categories
for HIV infection, 544 for pregnant patients, 11t
Dietary factors Drug-induced. See Medication-induced
and chronic renal failure, 419 Dry mouth
and coronary artery disease, 371372 evaluation of, 236242
Digastric muscle, 275276 d4T
DiGeorge syndrome, 482 for HIV infection, 544
Digestive tract diseases DTC, 249
lower, 393400 Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, 600601
upper, 390393 Ductal papilloma, 262
Digital clubbing, 353 Duct cells, 236
Digital imaging, 3637 Duodenal ulcer, 394395
Digoxin Dyclonine hydrochloride
for heart failure, 382 for herpes simplex virus infections, 54
Dihydropyridines, 183, 367 Dyskeratosis congenita, 87
Diltiazem Dysphagia
adverse effects of, 183 in elderly, 615
for arrhythmia, 382 Dysplasia
Direct immunofluorescent technique molecular model of, 197f
for mucous membrane pemphigoid, 73
Disability E
definition of, 310 Eating disorders, 255, 404
measurement of, 309312 Ecchymosis, 134, 134f
Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), 113 Echocardiography
of lower lip, 489f for hypertension, 366
Discoloration. See Pigmentation Echovirus, 249
Disease-related coagulopathies, 463 Ectopic lymphoid nodules, 138
management of, 467468 Ectopic lymphoid tissue, 114
Disk disorders Edentulousness
clinical findings of in elderly, 615
correlating with arthrotomography, 284t prevention and treatment of, 618619
Dislocation, 299300 Edwards-MIRA valve, 379
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 459, 464 Efavirenz (EFV)
management of, 468 for HIV infection, 544
Disseminated thyroid cancer (DTC), 249 EGF
Diuretics for mucositis, 222
for hypertension, 367, 368t Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 460
Diverticuli, 244 Elderly. See also Geriatrics
DLE, 113 bacterial sialadenitis in, 253
of lower lip, 489f chronic conditions of, 606t
DLV chronic impairments of, 607t
for HIV infection, 544 health care access by, 607
DNA-based testing increase of, 5
for tissue typing, 507 Kaposi's sarcoma in, 129
Donor blood malignant melanoma in, 131
pretreatment of recipient with oral conditions in, 612615
in transplantation, 510 oral disorders in, 609t
Doxepin oropharyngeal processes in, 608t
for atypical facial pain, 332 pneumonia in, 352
systemic conditions in, 607t treatment of, 602603

temperature in, 13 Epinephrine, 573
Electrocautery adverse effects of, 14
for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 130 for generalized anaphylaxis, 500
Electrolytes for laryngitis, 348
homeostasis of, 409 Epithelial malignancies
Electron beam therapy, 208 radiation for, 209
Electrosurgery Epoetin alfa
for varices, 128 for renal disease, 415
Elephant man syndrome, 168 Epstein Barr virus, 51, 145, 165, 249, 348
Embolic stroke, 383 with HIV infection, 551552
EMLA cream oral hairy leukoplakia with, 93
for postherpetic neuralgia, 330 and transplantation, 511
Emotions Epulides
affecting chronic orofacial pain, 326 congenital, 148f
evaluation of, 15 Ergotamine
Emphysema, 355 for cluster headache, 334
Enamel for migraine headache, 335
hypoplasia of, 419, 419f Erosions, 51
Encephalofacial angiomatosis, 146f. See also Sturge-Weber Erosive lichen planus, 7475
syndrome clinical manifestations of, 75
Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, 127 diagnosis of, 75
Endarterectomy treatment of, 75
for TIAs, 594 Eruption cyst, 156
Endocarditis Erythema area migrans, 115
antibiotic prophylaxis for, 378 Erythema migrans, 115
bacterial Erythema multiforme, 5760, 57f, 58f, 59f
antibiotic prophylaxis for, 380t, 381t clinical manifestations of, 58
cardiac conditions associated with, 380t drug-induced, 57
in hemodialysis, 424 etiology of, 57
Endocrine disease, 578590 treatment of, 5859
pathophysiology of, 579581 Erythematous candidiasis, 549
Endocrinopathic pigmentation, 133 Erythrocytosis, 430
Endodontic therapy Erythromycin
for hemophilia, 472 for Legionnaires' disease, 532
Endogenous pigmentation for pneumonia, 351
in oral mucosal disease, 127t for tonsillopharyngitis, 348
Endothelial dysfunction Erythromycin plus sulfisoxazole
and coronary artery disease, 372 for otitis media, 345
End-stage renal disease Erythroplakia, 105107, 106f, 199201, 201f
etiology of, 412t Erythroplasie de Queyrat, 106
oral health considerations of, 423427 Escherichia coli, 254f, 344
Entamoeba, 532 Esthesiometers, 21
Enterobacter, 344 Estrogen
Enterococcus, 424 deficiency of
Enterovirus, 342 and coronary artery disease, 371
Environmental factors Ethambutol
and SLE, 487 for tuberculosis, 529
Eosinophilic granulomatosis, 170t Ethyol, 219, 222
Eosinophilic histiocytosis, 175 for mucositis, 222223
Ephelis, 130 radioprotective properties of, 248
Epidemic parotitis, 249250 Etretinate
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) for erosive lichen planus, 75
for mucositis, 221 for oral lichen planus, 110
Epidermal nevus, 185t Examination, 1224
Epidermoid carcinoma, 144 of cranial nerves, 20
Epilepsy, 601604 of head, neck and oral cavity, 1417
Epileptic seizures laboratory dental studies in, 2223
international classification of, 602t of other organ systems, 2324
Index 635
supplementary procedures for, 22 Fibrinolytic disorders, 464

vital signs in, 13 Fibrinolytic system, 458f
Exercise Fibrin-stabilizing deficiency, 462
and coronary artery disease, 372 Fibroma, 138
for TMD, 291 cementifying, 163, 164
Exercise stress testing cemento-ossifying, 151f
for coronary artery disease, 373 traumatic, 139141
Exogenous pigmentation Fibro-odontoma, 164
of oral mucosa, 127t Fibrotic gingival enlargement, 181
External beam therapy, 209 Fibrous dysplasia, 149150
effect of, 248 imaging of, 150
treatment plan for, 210f Fibrous inflammatory hyperplasias, 139141
Extracorporeal photochemotherapy Fine-needle aspiration (FNA), 206
for scleroderma, 493 of salivary glands, 243
Extravasation mucoceles, 246 First, do no harm, 26
FK-506
F adverse effects, 511
Face in transplantation, 507
examination of, 16 Flavivirus, 534
herpes zoster of, 56f Florid osseous dysplasia, 164
Facial nerve, 308 Fluconazole
examination of, 21 for oral candidiasis, 101
Facial neuralgia, 327328 Fludarabine
Facial pain for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 446
atypical, 317318, 331333 Fluids
idiopathic homeostasis of, 409
classification of, 317319 Fluocinonide (Lidex)
Factor I deficiency, 462 for oral lichen planus, 110
Factor IX complex for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 64
thrombotic complications of, 467 Fluoride, 248, 252, 259
Factor V deficiency, 462 for xerostomia, 259
Factor X deficiency, 462 Fluoromethane, 293
Factor XI deficiency, 462 Fluorouracil
Factor XII deficiency, 462 for actinic keratosis, 90
Factor XIII deficiency, 462 FNA, 206
Famciclovir of salivary glands, 243
for herpes zoster, 57 Focal dermal hypoplasia, 185t
for recurrent herpes simplex virus infection, 68 Focal epithelial hyperplasia, 166, 553
Familial gingival hyperplasia, 183f Focal myositis, 144
Familial multiple gigantiform cementoma, 163 Focal osseous dysplasia, 164
Family history, 11 Folate, 64
Famotidine and coronary artery disease, 372
for duodenal ulcer, 395 for phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia, 182
Fanconi's anemia, 437 Folic acid, 183
Fascioscapulohumeral dystrophy, 601 supplement for sickle cell anemia, 435
Fasting glucose Folic acid deficiency anemia, 437
impaired, 565566 Follicular cyst, 156
Felbamate Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), 353
for chronic pain, 316 Forced vital capacity (FVC), 353
Felodipine Fordyce's granules, 114, 115f
adverse effects of, 183 Formocresol
Fernandez reactions, 178 adverse effects of, 88
Ferritin, 64 Fractures, 299
FEV1, 353 Fragile histidine triad, 196198
Fexofenadine Frey's hairs, 21
for allergic rhinitis, 343 Frey's syndrome, 265
FHIT (fragile histidine triad), 196198 Frictional keratosis, 87, 87f
Fibric acid derivatives, 371t Fructosamine test, 566
Fibrinolysis, 456457 FTY720
in transplantation, 509 granular cell tumor of, 148

Fusarium hemangiomas of, 146
and transplantation, 512 hyperplasia of, 184f, 603
Fusobacterium, 61, 346 calcium channel blocker induced, 182183
Fusospirochetal stomatitis, 62f cyclosporin A induced, 182183
FVC, 353 phenytoin-induced, 181182
syndromes associated with, 183186
G inflammatory (reactive) hyperplasias of, 140f
Gabapentin Kaposi's sarcoma of, 215f
for atypical facial pain, 332 melanotic macule of, 130f
for chronic pain, 316 nevocellular nevus of, 131
for epileptic seizures, 602 Gingivitis
for herpes zoster, 57 chronic hyperplastic, 179
for post-traumatic neuropathic pain, 331 with herpes simplex virus infections, 53f
for trigeminal neuralgia, 329 necrotizing ulcerative, 554f
GABHS, 348 pregnancy, 142
Gallium 67 citrate, 4344 Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, 461
Ganglion Glenoid fossa, 272
herpes zoster of, 56 Glomangioma, 147
Gap arthroplasty, 300 Glomerular filtration rate, 409
Gardner's syndrome, 168171, 169t, 171f, 404 Glomerulonephritis, 412413
Gastric ulcer, 393394 in SLE, 487
Gastrinoma syndrome, 172 Glomus jugulare
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), 390391 glomus tumor in, 147
Gastrointestinal bleeding, 315 Glomus tumor, 147148
Gastrointestinal syndromes, 404405 Glossitis
Gastrointestinal tract diseases, 389405 benign migratory, 115
Gate-control theory, 312 Glossodynia, 332333
G-CSF, 220, 441 Glossopharyngeal nerve, 308
for chronic idiopathic neutropenia, 442443 examination of, 21
General Health Questionnaire, 322 Glossopharyngeal neuralgia, 329
Generalized anaphylaxis, 499500 Glucocorticoid excess
Genetic factors signs and symptoms of, 585t
and rheumatoid arthritis, 495 Glucocorticoids, 584f
and SLE, 486487 dose equivalents, 586t
Geniculate neuralgia, 330 supplementation protocol for
Geniohyoid muscle, 277 while undergoing dental care, 490t
Geographic tongue, 115, 116f Glucometers, 566
conditions associated with, 116 Glucose intolerance
GERD, 390391 and coronary artery disease, 371
Geriatrics, 605619 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, 433
Gestational diabetes, 565 Glucose tolerance
Ghost cell keratinization, 158159 impaired, 565566
GH-RH, 582f Glycogen storage disease, 147
Giant cell arteritis, 334 GM-CSF, 220
Giant cell granuloma, 142143, 142f Gold therapy
Giant cell tumor, 143f adverse effects of, 60
benign, 143f for pemphigus vulgaris, 70
histology of, 144f for rheumatoid arthritis, 497
panorex radiography of, 144f Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, 185t
Gingiva Gorlin's cyst, 158159
cysts of Gout, 245, 298
of newborn, 114115 and renal disease, 414
enlargement of, 179186, 180f, 181f Graded Chronic Pain Severity scale, 312
fibrotic, 181 Graded Chronic Pain Status, 322
inflammatory, 179181 Graft, 504
syndromes associated with, 183186, 185t Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), 74, 110111, 445, 515,
examination of, 17 517f
fibromatosis of, 183184 tongue lesions of, 449f
Index 637
Gram-negative bacilli, 217 HBO, 223235

Grand mal seizures, 602 HCT, 503
Granular cell epulis, 148149 outcomes of, 513514
Granular cell tumor, 148149 HCV. See Hepatitis C virus
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), 220, 441 Head
for chronic idiopathic neutropenia, 442443 examination of, 1415
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM- extraoral structures in, 16t
CSF), 220 intraoral structures in, 16t
Granulocytopenia, 439440 lymph nodes of, 18f
Granulocytosis, 439 Headache
Granulomatous inflammations, 175179 associated with systemic disease, 324325
cat-scratch disease, 177178 Head and neck
cervicofacial actinomycosis, 176177 diagnostic radiography examinations of
Hansen's disease, 178 effective dose and equivalent natural exposure from,
orofacial granulomatosis, 178179 48t
Graphite tattoo, 134 Head and neck cancer
Graves' disease, 578, 587, 589 pain management in, 227t
Gray-black pigmentation, 134135 Head and neck pain syndromes
Grimacing, 310t classification of, 317t
Group 1 beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS), 348 Health care professionals
Growth cartilage, 583 occupational risks to, 537538
Growth hormone, 579 Hearing impairment
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH), 582f improvement of communication with, 608t
Guanethidine Heartburn, 390
for reflex sympathetic dystrophy, 331 Heart failure, 380382, 416
Guarding, 310t etiology of, 381t
Guided imagery Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study, 367
for pain, 314 Heart transplant, 517518
Guillain-Barre syndrome, 599600 complications of, 512513
GVHD, 74, 110111, 445, 515, 517f intraoral herpes in, 515f
tongue lesions of, 449f Heavy metals
pigmentation from, 135
H side effects of, 249
HAART, 250251 Heck's disease, 166, 553
Haemophilus influenzae, 254f, 344, 346, 349, 350, 351 Heerfordt's syndrome, 178, 258
Hageman factor deficiency, 461462 Helicobacter pylori, 390395
Hair on end, 434f, 436 Helium-neon laser
Hairy leukoplakia, 397 for mucositis, 221
Hairy tongue, 116117, 134 Hemangiomas, 127128, 145147
Hallopeau type in children, 127
of pemphigus vegetans, 71 of tongue, 145f
Hamartomas, 145153 Hematologic disease, 429452
fibrous dysplasia, 149150 Hematologic malignancies, 443449
glomus tumor, 147148 Hematopoiesis, 429
granular cell tumor, 148149 Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), 503
hemangioma, 145147 outcomes of, 513514
lymphangioma, 147 Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), 442
melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy, 149 for acute leukemia, 445
nerve sheath tumor, 149 Hematuria, 409
teratoma, 152153 Hemochromatosis, 126, 134, 403
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease, 55, 348 Hemodialysis
Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome, 175 for chronic renal failure, 420
Hansen's disease, 178 infective endocarditis in, 424
Hard palate Hemoglobin, 127t
examination of, 17 Hemoglobinopathies, 433
Kaposi's sarcoma of, 215f Hemolysis
squamous cell carcinoma of, 204f anemia from, 432433
Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 587 Hemolytic anemia
HBID, 8687 causes of, 432t
congenital, 435436 in elderly, 613

Hemolytic jaundice, 400401 gingivitis with, 53f
Hemophilia A, 461462, 470f with HIV infection, 550551
low-titer inhibitor, 473f in immunosuppressed patients, 7576
management of, 465467 diagnosis of, 76
and oral surgical procedures, 470472 oral manifestations of, 76
preventive and periodontal therapy, 472 treatment of, 76
Hemophilia B, 462 in oral cancer, 202
management of, 465467 recurrent, 6768
and oral surgical procedures, 470472 and transplantation, 511
preventive and periodontal therapy, 472 treatment of, 54
Hemorrhagic diathesis, 134 Herpes virus, 5152
Hemosiderin, 127t with HIV infection, 550551
Hemostasis Herpes zoster, 330331
following vascular injury, 456f facial lesions of, 56f
laboratory tests for assessing, 459t laboratory findings of, 57
mechanisms of, 455 palatal lesions of, 56f
Heparin, 376, 463 and transplantation, 511
during dialysis, 416 treatment of, 57
for pulmonary embolism, 358 Herpetic gingivostomatitis, 53f
Hepatitis Herpetiform ulcers, 555
alcoholic, 401402 Hertwig's sheath, 158
Hepatitis C virus (HCV), 74, 249, 252253, 534539 HHT, 129130, 130f, 450
in dialysis, 424 HHV6, 51
incidence of, 536t HHV8
prevalence of, 536t with HIV infection, 552
risk to health care workers, 537538 Hiatal hernia, 392393
tests for, 537t Histiocytosis, 175
transmission modes in health care settings, 538t Histoplasma, 350, 447
and transplantation, 512 Histoplasmosis, 7778
Hepatobiliary system diseases, 400401 diagnosis of, 78
Hepatocellular jaundice, 401 oral manifestations of, 7778
Herbal medications, 249 treatment of, 78
Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis (HBID), HIV infection, 249, 538557
8687 bilateral salivary gland enlargement with, 252f
Hereditary gingivofibromatosis, 184f classification system for, 540t
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), 129130, Kaposi's sarcoma with, 129
130f, 460 medical treatment of, 544
Hereditary white lesions, 8687 opportunistic infections in, 543t
dyskeratosis congenita, 87 oral hairy leukoplakia with, 93, 201202
features of, 86 oral health considerations, 544547
hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis, 8687 oral lesions with, 547557
leukoedema of, 86 oral melanosis in, 133
treatment of, 86 pathogenesis of, 541544
white sponge nevus, 86 prognosis, 543t
Herpangina, 5455, 348 recurrent aphthous stomatitis with, 65f
clinical manifestations of, 54 relevant history questionnaire, 548f
laboratory studies of, 55 treatment of, 545t547t
treatment of, 55 HIV-salivary gland disease (HIV-SGD), 251
Herpes labialis, 515f HMG CoA reductase enzyme, 370
recurrent, 67, 67f HMG CoA reductase inhibitors
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), 51, 5254, 77f, 447f, 485f, 514, for coronary artery disease, 373
515f Hodgkin's disease, 264, 448456, 485
associated with erythema multiforme, 57 staging of, 449t
clinical manifestations of, 5253 Hodgkin's lymphoma, 175
diagnosis of, 5354 Homocystine
antibody titers, 5354 and coronary artery disease, 372
cytology, 53, 54f Homogenous leukoplakia, 102, 103
isolation, 53 HOPE Study, 367
Index 639
Hospital dental department, 23 management of, 365t, 367368

Hospitalization, 10 physical examination of, 366
Hospitals prevalence, 364t
maxillofacial imaging in, 3944 prognosis of, 368
HPV, 165, 200, 202, 553f radiologic testing of, 366
with HIV infection, 552553 and transplantation, 512
HSCT, 442 white-coat, 366
for acute leukemia, 445 Hypertensive medications, 368t369t
HSV. See Herpes simplex virus Hypertensive nephrosclerosis, 413
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), 51 Hyperthyroidism
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) signs and symptoms of, 587t
with HIV infection, 552 testing for, 582t
Human immunodeficiency syndrome. See HIV Hypnosis, 219, 292
Human papillomavirus (HPV), 165, 200, 202, 553f Hypoglycemia, 569
with HIV infection, 552553 determining risk of, 574t
Humoral immunity, 480 factors increasing risk of, 575t
Huntington's chorea, 598 treatment of, 575t
Huntington's disease, 598 Hypoglycemia unawareness, 570
Hurler's syndrome, 147 Hypoplastic teeth, 183
Hutchinson's freckle, 131 Hypothalamic-pituitary-endocrine axis, 579f
Hydrogen cyanide Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, 581
adverse effects of, 356 Hypothyroidism
Hydrogen peroxide signs and symptoms of, 587t
adverse effects of, 88, 89 testing for, 582t
for mucositis, 220 Hypoxemia, 356
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA)
reductase enzyme, 370 I
reductase inhibitors IASP
for coronary artery disease, 373 orofacial pain classification, 317
Hydroxyproline IBD, 395396
urinary levels of, 174 Ibuprofen, 292
Hydroxypropyl cellulose for chronic pain, 315
for mucositis, 221 ICD-9-CM, 25
Hydroxyquinoline Icterus, 400401
adverse effects of, 132 Idiopathic facial pain
Hydroxyurea classification of, 317319
for polycythemia vera, 430 Idiopathic orofacial pain
for sickle cell anemia, 435 classification of, 319t
Hyperacute ejection, 506 Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 134
Hyperalgesia, 312 Idiopathic true leukoplakia, 101105
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO), 223235 clinical features of, 102
Hyperglycemia, 567 diagnosis of, 102103
Hyperinsulinism, 172 etiology of, 102
Hyperlipoproteinemia, 255f histopathologic features of, 102105
Hyperparathyroidism, 172, 324, 416 management of, 102103
and renal disease, 414 prognosis of, 105
Hyperplasia, 179 varieties of, 102
Hyperplastic candidiasis, 549 IgA deficiency, 481
Hypersensitivity, 480 IHS
Hypertension, 172, 364369, 416 orofacial pain classification, 317
cardiovascular risk factors in, 364t Ileocecal actinomycosis, 176
assessment of, 366367 Illness Behavior Questionnaire, 322
modification of, 366 Imagery, 219
and coronary artery disease, 370371 Imidazole
dental care considerations of, 368 for oral candidiasis, 101
diagnosis of, 365367 Immune response
etiology of, 365 ineffective, 480
incidence of, 364365 overactive, 480
laboratory testing of, 366 Immune thrombocytopenia purpura, 461
Immunity Inflammatory (reactive) hyperplasias, 138139, 138145,

acquired, 479480 140f, 142f
cell-mediated, 479 definition of, 138
and disease protection, 478479 giant cell, 142143
innate, 479 pseudosacromatous fasciitis, 143144
Immunization pyogenic, 141142
for mumps, 249 Influenza virus, 342
Immunocomplexes Informed consent, 31
and SLE, 487 INH
Immunocompromised patients for tuberculosis, 529
CMV infections in, 250 Innate immunity, 479
herpes labialis in, 515f INR, 376, 397, 458
treatment of, 251 Insulin, 569570
Immunodeficiency, 480, 481 common regimens, 570t
oral health considerations of, 484 types of, 569t
oral manifestations of, 483484 Insulin resistance syndrome, 565t
Immunoglobulins Interferon-alpha
for bronchiolitis, 353 for hepatitis C, 538
Immunologic diseases, 478500, 480 Internal signaling G protein, 173
principles of, 478480 International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP)
Immunosuppressed (HIV)-associated candidiasis, 99101 orofacial pain classification, 317
Immunosuppressed patients International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision,
herpes simplex virus infection in, 7576 Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM), 25
Immunosuppression International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 25
in transplantation, 507 International Headache Society (IHS)
Immunosuppression-induced complications orofacial pain classification, 317
of transplantation, 511512 International normalized ratio (INR), 376, 397, 458
Immunosuppressive agents, 508t Intestinal actinomycosis, 176
Immunotherapy Intestinal disorders, 394395
for allergic rhinitis, 344
Intradermal testing, 343
IMPATH, 317, 322
Intramuscular trigger point injections, 293
Inappropriate reaction to self, 480
Intraoral appliances
Incipient eosinophilic granuloma, 175
for TMD, 291
Indirect immunofluorescent antibody tests
Intraoral papillomatosis, 166
for pemphigus, 70
Intraoral radiography, 36
Indomethacin
Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs), 176
for chronic paroxysmal hemicrania, 334
Intravenous pyelography (IVP), 410
Induction therapy, 213
Ineffective immune response, 480 Inverted ductal papilloma, 262
Infants Inverted papilloma, 167f
with bronchiolitis, 352353 Iodine, 265
gingival and palatal cysts of, 114115, 115f Ipratropium bromide
with herpes simplex virus infections, 52 for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 356
hiatal hernia, 392393 Iron, 134
Infection deficiency of, 431432
susceptibility to replacement of, 431
with bleeding disorders, 473 Ischemic heart disease
Infectious disease, 525556 and precautions regarding dental procedures, 375
in elderly, 612613 Isogeneic transplantation, 504
prevention and treatment of, 616 Isograft, 504
Infectious white lesions, 93101 Isoniazid (INH)
candidiasis, 94101 for tuberculosis, 529
oral hairy leukoplakia, 9394 Isoproterenol
Infective endocarditis adverse effects of, 249
antibiotic prophylaxis for, 378 Isotretinoin
in hemodialysis, 424 for oral lichen planus, 110
Inflammations Isradipine
acute, 175179 adverse effects of, 183
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 395396 Itraconazole
Index 641
for histoplasmosis, 78 Koplik's spots, 348

for oral candidiasis, 101 Kussmaul's' respirations, 417
IUDs, 176
IVP, 410 L
Labial mucosa
J contact allergy of, 60f
Jaundice, 400401 erosive lichen planus of, 75f
hemolytic, 400401 leukoplakia of, 201f
hepatocellular, 401 Laboratory dental studies, 2223
obstructive, 401 efficacy of, 2223
Jaw Lactobacilli, 217, 610
congenital epulides of, 148f Lactobacillus, 223
cysts of, 153158, 155f Lacunar infarction, 593
classification of, 157t Laminar flow beds
lesions of, 175 for granulocytopenia, 439440
imaging evaluation of, 47 Lamivudine (3TC)
malignant, 214 for HIV infection, 544
lumpy, 176 Lamotrigine
nodular enlargements of, 138 for chronic pain, 316
structural variants of, 138 for epileptic seizures, 602
Jaw disability checklist, 312 for trigeminal neuralgia, 329
Jaw jerk reflex, 277278 Langerhans cell, 170t, 175
and silent period, 279 Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), 175
Jaw-opening reflex, 278 Lansoprazole
Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, for GERD, 391
Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure Large cell carcinoma, 359
treatment recommendations, 364 Laryngitis, 347
Laryngotracheobronchitis, 347
K Laser surgery, 207
Kaopectate for hemangiomas, 127, 146
for mucositis, 220 Latex allergy, 500
Kaposi's sarcoma, 129, 129f, 215, 515, 552, 552f LCH, 175
and transplantation, 512 LDL, 567
Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), 220 Lead
Keratin pearl adverse effects of, 135
formation of, 144 Lead cutout, 212f
Keratoacanthoma, 144, 167, 168f Lead foil, 209
Keratosis Legionella, 349, 350, 351, 530532
smokeless tobacco-induced, 9091 clinical conditions caused by, 532t
solar, 8990 Legionella pneumophilia, 530
traumatic, 87 bacteriologic characteristics of, 531t
Ketamine Legionnaires' disease, 530532
for chronic pain, 316 characteristics of, 532t
Ketoconazole Lentigo malignant melanoma, 131
for histoplasmosis, 78 Leontiasis ossea, 174
for oral candidiasis, 101 Leprosy, 178
Ketoprofen Lesions
for chronic pain, 315 acute multiple, 5162
KGF, 220 acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, 6163
Kidney contact allergic stomatitis, 5960
function of, 408409 in coxsackievirus infections, 5455
structure of, 408409 erythema multiforme, 5760
Kidney failure. See Renal failure in herpesvirus infections, 5152
Kidney stones, 245 in primary herpes simplex virus infections, 5253
Kidney transplant, 517 secondary to cancer chemotherapy, 61
gingival overgrowth in, 514f in varicella zoster virus infection, 5557
Klebsiella, 344, 351 chronic multiple, 6876
Klebsiella pneumoniae, 350 bullous disease, 7475
Koebner effect, 298 linear IGA disease, 74
mucous membrane pemphigoid, 7273 Lithotripsy, 246

pemphigus, 6871 Liver cirrhosis, 403
subepithelial bullous dermatoses, 7172 Liver disease
Letterer-Siwe disease, 175 management of, 467
Leukemia, 175, 443, 484485 Liver failure
acute, 443444 medications for, 519t
chronic, 445448 Localized anaphylaxis, 498499
Leukoedema, 86f LOH, 196
Leukopenia Loratadine
in SLE, 487 for allergic rhinitis, 343
Leukoplakia, 90, 93f, 199201 Loss of heterozygosity (LOH), 196
classification of, 199200, 199t Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), 567
diagnosis of, 199200 Lower airway infections, 348359
management of, 202 Lower digestive tract diseases, 393400
Leukotriene receptor antagonists Lumpy jaw, 176
for asthma, 354 Lung cancer, 358
Levamisole Lung transplant, 518
for erythema multiforme, 59 Lupus erythematosus, 112114
Levodopa, 598 clinical features of, 112113
Libman-Sacks vegetations, 490 diagnosis of, 112113
Lichenoid reactions, 110112 drug-induced, 486
diseases exhibiting, 110t histopathologic features of, 113114
graft-versus-host disease, 110111 systemic. See Systemic lupus erythematosus
Lichen planus, 109f, 201 treatment of, 112113
in elderly, 612 Lupus nephritis, 414
erosive, 7475 Lymphadenitis
clinical manifestations of, 75 cervical tuberculosis, 529f
diagnosis of, 75 Lymphangiomas, 147
treatment of, 75 Lymph nodes
forms of, 108f examination of, 18
oral. See Oral lichen planus of head and neck, 18f
pigmented, 133, 133f Lymphocytes, 438, 479
Lidex Lymphoepithelial lesion
for oral lichen planus, 110 benign, 256
for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 64 Lymphoid hyperplasia
Lidocaine, 293 benign, 1441145
for mucositis, 220 Lymphoid nodules
Lifestyle factors ectopic, 138
and coronary artery disease, 371372 Lymphoid tissue
Limb-girdle dystrophy, 601 ectopic, 114
Lime, 117 Lymphoma, 175, 264, 448451, 515
Linea alba, 87 child
Linear gingival erythema, 553, 553f dental root alteration, 518f
Linear IGA disease, 74 malignant
Lip with Sjogren's syndrome, 258
candidal infection of, 98f Lymphonodular pharyngitis
cheilitis granulomatosa of, 178f acute, 55
ephelis of, 130, 130f Lysosomal storage disease, 185t
examination of, 16
Kaposi's sarcoma of, 215f M
keratoacanthoma of, 144 Macrophage-tropic viruses, 543
lupus lesions of, 113f Macules, 5051
varices of, 128, 128f Maffucci's syndrome, 147
Lipidoses, 174175 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 4143
Lipids costs of, 43, 48
and coronary artery disease, 370 Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
Lipoprotein, 174175 antigens, 479
Lipstick sign, 237 Malabsorption
Lithium, 589 oral effects of, 399
Index 643
Malar rash Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, 249

in SLE, 487 Measles virus, 174
Malignancy Mechanical ventilation
syndromes predisposing to, 169t170t for bronchiolitis, 352
Malignant lymphoma Median rhomboid glossitis, 98, 98f
with Sjogren's syndrome, 258 MedicAlert, 500
Malignant melanoma, 131132, 214215 Medical history, 515
Mandible biographic and demographic information, 9
asymptomatic lesion of, 159f chief complaint in, 9
dysfunction of, 225 components of, 912
evaluation of, 285t and family history, 11
physical examination directed toward, 286t methods and problems of, 56
movement of past, 10
range of, 286 and review of systems, 1112
osteomyelitis of and social history, 11
nuclear medicine scan of, 44f Medical information
rest position of, 278 requesting from other departments, 2
Mandibular condyle, 272 Medically complex patients
Mandibular fossa, 272 modification of dental care for, 27
Mandibular molar Medical referral. See Consultations
cemento-ossifying fibroma of, 151f Medical risk
Mandibular mucobuccal folds assessment of, 25
examination of, 17 Medication history, 10
Manners and dry mouth, 236
of clinicians, 8 Medication-induced complications
MAP classification, 310 of transplantation, 510511
Masseter muscle Medication-induced erythema multiforme, 57
paired, 275 Medication-induced hepatotoxicity, 402403
Mastication, 225 Medication-induced lichenoid reactions, 110111
in elderly, 611 Medication-induced lupus erythematosus, 486
muscles of, 275 Medication-induced melanosis, 132
Masticatory disorders Medication-induced salivary dysfunction, 255256
in elderly Medication-induced ulcerations
prevention and treatment of, 618 with HIV infection, 555556
Masticatory-muscle hyperactivity, 279 Medication-induced xerostomia, 253
Masticatory muscles Medications
accessory to, 275277 locating information on, 10
myofascial pain of, 289293 Megaloblastic anemia, 436
palpation of, 286 Melanin, 126, 127t
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), 571 Melanosis
Maxilla drug-induced, 132
hemangioma of, 146f perioral, 132f
Maxillary folds smoker's, 132133, 132f
examination of, 17 Melanotic ameloblastoma, 159
Maxillary sinus Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy, 149
adenocystic carcinoma arising in Melanotic progonoma, 149
computed tomography of, 47f Melasma, 132f
cysts of, 157 Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, 175, 178
Maxillofacial imaging, 3548 Melphalan
benefits and risks of, 4748 for multiple myeloma, 451
cost of, 48 for polycythemia vera, 430
in hospitals and radiology clinics, 3944 Menarche
in offices and dental clinics, 3639 with phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia, 182
protocols for, 4447 MEN III syndrome, 145, 169t, 172
selection criteria for, 3536 Mercaptopurine
May-Hegglin anomaly, 461 for ulcerative colitis, 396
McCune-Albright syndrome. See Albright's syndrome Mercury
McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), 310, 311f adverse effects of, 60, 135
Measles, 348 Mestinon, 600
Metabolic acidosis, 414 for asthma, 354

Metabolic disorders Mood disorder due to a general medical conditions, 313t
leading to renal disease, 414 Moraxella catarrhalis, 344
Metabolic syndrome, 372 Morphea
Metered-dose inhalers of face, 491f
for asthma, 354 Morphine
Metformin, 569 for chronic pain, 315316
Methemoglobinemia, 73 Morsicatio buccarum, 88f
Methocarbamol, 292 Mouth
Methotrexate dermoid cysts of, 154f
adverse effects of, 61 ecchymosis in, 134f
for dermatomyositis, 495 floor of
Methysergide examination of, 17
for cluster headache, 334 irregular leukoplakia of, 200f
for migraine headache, 335 mucositis of, 218f
Metronidazole Mouthwashes, 195196
for acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, 63 adverse effects of, 89, 89f
adverse effects of, 400 Mouth-wetting agents, 222
for duodenal ulcer, 395 MPQ, 310, 311f
Mexiletine MRI, 4143
for chronic pain, 316 costs of, 43, 48
MHC MS, 595596
antigens, 479 M-tropic viruses, 543
Microcytic hypochromic anemia, 415 Mucoceles
Micromedex, 10 extravasation, 246
Miescher's syndrome, 175, 178 Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 262264
Migraine headache, 334 Mucolipidosis II, 184f
butorphanol for, 316 Mucormycosis, 7879
Mikulicz's disease, 256 Mucosal candidiasis, 259
Milk of magnesia Mucositis, 217222
for mucositis, 220 assessment of, 217
Millon Behavioral Health Inventory, 322 pathogenesis of, 217218
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), 322 treatment of, 220222, 224t
Misoprostol Mucous cyst, 155f
for chronic pain, 315 Mucous membrane
for mucositis, 221 hemangiomas of, 147
Mitral regurgitation, 377379 Mucous membrane pemphigoid, 7274, 72f, 73f
Mitral valve disease, 377379 clinical manifestations of, 73
Mitral valve prolapse, 377379 diagnosis of, 73
Mitsuda reactions, 178 oral manifestations of, 73
Mixed connective-tissue disease, 498 treatment of, 7374
Mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reaction, 506 Mucous patches, 101
MLC reaction, 506 Multiaxial Assessment of Pain (MAP) classification, 310
MMF Multidisciplinary pain clinics, 313314
adverse effects of, 511 Multilocular ameloblastoma, 161f
for pemphigus vulgaris, 70 Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN III) syndrome, 145,
in transplantation, 507 169t, 172
MMPI, 322 Multiple gated acquisitions scanning
MMPs, 571 for heart failure, 381
MMR vaccine, 249 Multiple mucosal neuroma syndrome, 169t, 172
Moist snuff, 90 Multiple myeloma, 175, 451452, 485
Molluscum contagiosum, 167 maxilla in, 452f
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors skull lesions in, 452f
for migraine headache, 335 Multiple sclerosis (MS), 595596
Monocytic leukemia Mumps, 249250
gingival enlargement in, 182f, 448f swelling of, 250f
Monomorphic adenoma, 261 Muromonab-CD3 (OKT3)
Mononucleosis, 250 adverse effects, 511
Montelukast in transplantation, 509
Index 645
Murray-Puretic-Drescher syndrome, 185t Neonates

Muscle relaxants, 292 black
Muscle relaxation splint, 291 alveolar lymphangiomas in, 147
Muscles Neostigmine (Prostigmin), 600
associated with mandibular movement and function, Nephron, 408409
275 Nephrotic syndrome, 413, 485
of mastication, 275 Nephrotoxic drugs, 426427
palpation of, 320 Nerve sheath tumors, 149
Muscular dystrophy, 600601 Nerve trunk pain
Myasthenia gravis, 69, 600 classification of, 318t
cause of, 480 Nervous intermedius (geniculate) neuralgia, 329
Mycobacterium leprae, 178 Neumann type
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 258, 350, 526527 of pemphigus vegetans, 71
Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis (NICO), 319
adverse effects of, 511 Neurilemmomas, 149
for pemphigus vulgaris, 70 Neurofibromas, 149
in transplantation, 507 Neurofibromatosis
Mycoplasma, 351 facial deformity associated with, 171f
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, 348, 349, 350, 352, 356 Neuromuscular diseases, 592604
Mylohyoid muscle, 277 Neutropenia
Mylohyoid ridge, 138 oral ulcers in, 440f
Myocardial perfusion imaging Neutrophils, 479
for coronary artery disease, 373 Nevirapine (NVP)
Myoepithelioma, 262 for HIV infection, 544
Myofascial pain Nevocellular nevus, 130131, 131f
initial treatment of, 290t Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, 169t, 171172
of masticatory muscles, 289293 Nevus, 172
physiotherapy for, 290291 Newborns
Myositis gingival and palatal cysts of, 114115, 115f
focal, 144 with herpes simplex virus infections, 52
Myotonic dystrophy, 601 NHL, 264, 450, 485
Nicardipine
N adverse effects of, 183
Nabumetone, 292 Nickel
for chronic pain, 315 adverse effects of, 60
NAEPP, 353 NICO, 319
Naproxen, 292 Nicotine stomatitis, 9192, 92f, 195
for chronic pain, 315 Nicotinic acid, 371t
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 214 Nifedipine, 183
radiation treatment of, 211f adverse effects of, 183
National Asthma Education and Prevention Program for scleroderma, 493
(NAEPP), 353 and transplantation, 512
National Cancer Data Base, 198 Nikolsky sign, 69
National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and Nimodipine (Nimorop)
End Results, 198 adverse effects of, 183
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 364 Nimorop
Natural killer cells, 479 adverse effects of, 183
Nd:YAG laser Nisoldipine
for leukoplakia, 202 adverse effects of, 183
Neck Nitrendipine
examination of, 1415, 18 adverse effects of, 183
lymph nodes of, 18f Nitrobenzene
Necrotizing sialometaplasia, 213, 247248 adverse effects of, 400
Necrotizing stomatitis, 555f Nitrogen dioxide
with HIV infection, 554 adverse effects of, 356
Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, 554f Nitrosonornicotine, 90
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 348 NM system, 198t
Neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 90
for leukoplakia, 202 Nocardia, 350
Nociceptors, 312 of mixed epithelial and mesenchymal origin, 164165

Nodular fasciitis, 143144 Offices
Nodular leukoplakia, 102, 103f maxillofacial imaging in, 3639
Nodules, 51 OKT3
Nominal standard dose (NSD), 207 adverse effects, 511
Noncaseating tuberculoid-type granulomas, 179f, 180f in transplantation, 509
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 264, 450, 485 Olfactory nerve
Non-odontogenic fissural cyst, 155f examination of, 19
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) OMAS, 217218
for chronic pain, 315 Omeprazole
for TMD, 291 for duodenal ulcer, 395
Norepinephrine for GERD, 391
for chronic pain, 316 Oncocytoma, 261
Nortriptyline Opioids
for atypical facial pain, 332 for TMD, 291
for postherpetic neuralgia, 330 Optic nerve
for post-traumatic neuropathic pain, 331 examination of, 20
Nosocomial pneumonia, 350 Orabase
NRTI for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 6465
for HIV infection, 544 Oral agents
NSAIDs for diabetes mellitus, 568569, 568t
for chronic pain, 315 Oral cancer, 90, 194227
for TMD, 291 in elderly, 612
NSD, 207 epidemiology of, 195
Nuclear medicine, 4344 etiology of, 195198
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) imaging of, 203206
for HIV infection, 544 molecular changes in, 196
Nursing homes and nutrition, 203
pneumonia in, 352 pathogenesis of, 196
Nutrition, 225 precancerous lesions, 199202
and oral cancer, 203 erythroplakia, 199201
NVP leukoplakia, 199202
for HIV infection, 544 lichen planus, 201
Nystatin, 248 oral hairy leukoplakia, 201202
for oral candidiasis, 101 submucous fibrosis, 201
syphilis, 201
O pretreatment assessment, 216
Obesity prognosis of, 198199
and coronary artery disease, 372 risk factors of, 195198
and diabetes mellitus, 568 signs and symptoms of, 203
and hiatal hernia, 392 tissue specimen acquisition in, 206
Obstructive jaundice, 401 and tissue specimen acquisitions, 206
Occipital neuralgia, 330 treatment of, 206213
Occlusal night guard chemotherapy, 213
for cheek chewing, 88 combined radiation and surgery, 213
Occlusal splints, 294 complications of, 217222
Occlusion radiation therapy, 207213
TMJ, 278 surgery, 207
Ocular nerves and tumor biology, 202203
examination of, 20 viruses in, 202
herpes zoster of, 56f Oral candidiasis
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, 601 classification of, 94t
Odontalgia treatment of, 101
atypical, 317318, 331333 Oral cavity
Odontogenic keratocyst, 156f, 157f, 172 examination of, 1415
Odontogenic myxoma, 163 neurofibroma, 149
Odontogenic tumors Oral conditions
histopathologic classification of, 158t in elderly
of mesenchymal origin, 163164 prevention and treatment of, 615619
Index 647
Oral hairy leukoplakia, 93f, 201, 551f vs. actinomycosis, 176

Oral hypertensive medications, 368t369t of left mandible
Oral leukoplakia nuclear medicine scan of, 44f
malignant transformation in, 104t sclerosing
Oral lichen planus, 107110 radiographic appearance of, 164f
clinical course of, 109110 Osteonecrosis
clinical features of, 107108 postradiation, 224f, 225f
diagnosis of, 107 classification of, 226t
differential diagnosis of, 109 Otitis media, 344345
drugs associated with, 111t Overactive immune response, 480
etiology of, 107 Oxodipine, 183
histopathologic features, 108 adverse effects of, 183
immunofluorescent studies of, 108 Oxygen
prognosis of, 109110, 112 for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 357
treatment of, 110, 112 for cluster headache, 334
Oral melanotic macule, 130
Oral mucosa P
age-related changes in, 609 PACD, 163, 163f
chemical injuries of, 8889 Pacemakers, 384
exogenous pigmentation of, 127t Paget's disease of bone, 169t, 173174
neuromas of, 173f Pain, 226227
Oral mucosal disease acute vs. chronic, 312
in elderly, 612 anatomic considerations of, 308309
prevention and treatment of, 615616 in cancer patients, 227t
endogenous pigmentation in, 127t characteristics of, 319t
Oral mucositis, 516 chronic. See Chronic pain
Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale (OMAS), 217218 control of
Oral pigmentation in coagulopathies, 471
clinical classification of, 128t definition of, 307312
Oral squamous papillomas, 165167, 553554 measurement of, 309312
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), 117118 of psychological origin
Oral tuberculosis, 529f classification of, 326t
Oral vesiculobullous disease spontaneous, 312
in elderly, 612 Pain behaviors
Organ of Chievitz, 138 observable, 310t
Orofacial area Pain clinic
innervation of, 308t for TMD, 292
Orofacial granulomatosis, 178179 Pain diary
Orofacial pain, 307335 for TMJ, 285
chronic. See Chronic orofacial pain Pain management, 219, 227t
classification of, 316319 Pain specialist
differential diagnosis of, 318t referral of TMD to, 288
in elderly, 611612 Paint
idiopathic adverse effects of, 135
classification of, 319t Paired masseter muscle, 275
and imaging protocols, 44 Palatal cysts
Oropharynx of newborn, 114115
examination of, 17 Palatal papillary hyperplasia, 141
Orphenadrine, 292 Palate
Orthodontic therapy Cryptococcus infection of, 78f
for hemophilia, 472 erosive lichen planus of, 75f
OSF, 117118 herpes simplex virus infection of, 77f
Osseointegrated implants, 207 herpes zoster of, 56f
Ossifying fibroma, 152 hyperkeratosis of, 102f
peripheral, 141142, 142 mucormycosis of, 79f
Osteitis deformans, 173174 nevocellular nevus of, 131
Osteoarthrosis. See Degenerative joint disease nodular enlargements of, 138
Osteoblastoma, 151f pemphigus vegetans of, 71f
Osteomyelitis petechiae of, 134
smoker's, 9192 laboratory tests of, 6970

Pamidronate oral manifestations of, 69
for reflex sympathetic dystrophy, 331 treatment of, 70
Pancreatic transplant, 518 Penciclovir
Pancytopenia, 437 for recurrent herpes simplex virus infection, 68
Panoramic radiography, 36 Penicillamine
Pansialadenitis, 255f for scleroderma, 493
Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum, 261 Penicillin
Papillary thyroid cancer, 588 for acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, 63
Papilloma, 138 adverse effects of, 57
ductal, 262 and angioneurotic edema, 499f
inverted, 167f for pneumonia, 351
inverted ductal, 262 Penicillin V
oral squamous, 165167, 553554 for duodenal ulcer, 395
simple duct, 262 for tonsillopharyngitis, 348
Papillomatosis Pentazocine
intraoral, 166 for chronic pain, 316
Papovavirus particles, 166 Pentoxifylline
Papules, 51 for Behet's syndrome, 66
Paraformaldehyde for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 65
adverse effects of, 88 Peppermint allergy, 74
Parafunctional habits Peptic ulcer, 393
assessment of, 287 Percutaneous needle biopsy
Parainfluenza virus, 342 in renal disease, 410411
Paralysis agitans, 597598 Perfusion imaging
Paramyxovirus, 174, 249 for heart failure, 381
Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNPP), 7071 Periapical cemental dysplasia (PACD), 163, 163f
Paranoia, 326 Periapical cementomas, 163
Parinaud's syndrome, 178 Periapical cysts, 155f, 156
Parkinsonism, 597598 Periapical radiography
Parkinson's disease, 597598, 606 with charge-coupled device, 37f
Parotidectomy, 264265 Periodontal disease
complications after, 265 in elderly, 614
Parotid gland, 235 prevention and treatment of, 617
agenesis of, 244 with HIV infection, 553
pleomorphic adenoma of wit diabetes mellitus, 571572
ultrasonography of, 43f Periodontal furcation defect
swelling of, 253f digital subtraction image of, 38f
tumor of, 241f tuned-aperture computed tomography of, 38f
Parotitis Periodontal infection
epidemic, 249250 on glycemic control, 572
signs of, 253f Periodontal membrane
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 433 tumors of, 151
Partial glossectomy, 225f Periodontal therapy
Parulis, 101, 101f for hemophilia, 472
Parvovirus B19 Periodontitis
and transplantation, 512 and diabetes mellitus, 571
Past dental history, 10 Periodontium
Patched gene, 172 in elderly, 610612
Patient education examination of, 17
for myofascial pain of masticatory muscles, 289 Perioral melanosis, 132f
Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), 353 Peripheral ossifying fibroma, 141142, 142
Pediatric. See Children; Infants; Newborns Peritoneal dialysis
PEFR, 353 for chronic renal failure, 420422
Pemphigus, 6871 continuous cyclic, 421
Pemphigus vegetans, 71 Pernicious anemia, 117f, 436437
oral manifestations of, 71 Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire, 322
Pemphigus vulgaris, 6869, 69f Pestivirus, 534
clinical manifestations of, 69 Petechiae, 51, 134
Index 649
of palate, 134 PIT1, 579

Petit mal seizures, 602 Pituitary disease, 578
PET scanning Plain tomography, 39
for heart failure, 381 Plaques, 51
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, 133, 134f, 169t, 171, 405 Plasma cell gingivitis, 60, 60f
pH Plasma fibrinogen
homeostasis of, 409 and coronary artery disease, 372
Phacomatoses, 147 Plasmapheresis
Phagocytes, 479 for dermatomyositis, 495
Phakos, 147 for pemphigus vulgaris, 70
Pharyngitis, 348349 Plasma renin activity testing
lymphonodular for hypertension, 366
acute, 55 Plasma thromboplastin antecedent deficiency, 462
Pharyngoconjunctival fever, 348 Plasmodium, 532
Phenacetin Platelet count, 458459
adverse effects of, 400 Platelet disorders, 459
Phenelzine acquired, 461462
for migraine headache, 335 classification of, 46ot
Phenobarbital congenital, 461
adverse effects of, 57, 249 management of, 464465
for epileptic seizures, 602 oral health considerations of, 469470
Phenoxybenzamine Platelets, 455
for reflex sympathetic dystrophy, 331 Pleomorphic adenoma, 213, 260261
Phenytoin of parotid gland
adverse effects of, 57 ultrasonography of, 43f
for epileptic seizures, 602 Plummer-Vinson syndrome, 404405, 431432
during pregnancy, 182 PMNs, 571
for trigeminal neuralgia, 329 Pneumocystis carinii, 350
Phenytoin hyperplasia, 603 and transplantation, 512
Phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia, 181182 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 542, 544
Phlebotomy Pneumonia, 349351
for polycythemia vera, 430 nosocomial, 350
Photochemotherapy PNPP, 7071
for erosive lichen planus, 75 Podophyllin resin
Photostimulable storage phosphor, 37f for hairy tongue, 117
Phycomycetes, 447 Polycyclic hydrocarbons monoxide
Phycomycosis, 7879 adverse effects of, 356
Pigmentation, 126135 Polycystic renal disease, 413
blue/purple vascular lesions, 127130 Polycythemia, 429430
brown heme-associated lesions, 134 apparent, 430
brown melanotic lesions, 130133 Polycythemia vera, 430
endogenous Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), 571
in oral mucosal disease, 127t POMC, 581
exogenous Pontiac Fever
of oral mucosa, 127t characteristics of, 532t
gray-black, 134135 Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning
from heavy-metal ingestion, 135 for heart failure, 381
oral Posterior disk displacement, 295
clinical classification of, 128t Postherpetic neuralgia, 330331
physiologic, 132 in elderly, 613
Pigmented epulis, 149 Postmenopausal women
Pigmented lichen planus, 133, 133f thyroid hormone replacement for, 589
Pilocarpine, 222, 260 Postradiation osteonecrosis (PRON), 223, 224f, 225f
for Sjogren's syndrome, 257258 classification of, 226t
Pimozide Postrenal failure, 411
for trigeminal neuralgia, 329 Post-transplant, 519520
Pindborg tumor, 158, 162, 162f Post-transplant lymphoproliferative diseases, 512
Pink puffer, 356 Post-traumatic neuropathic pain, 331
Pipe smoking, 195 Pott's puffy tumor, 346
PPD, 484 Provocation tests, 287

Prednisone Pseudoankylosis, 493
for cluster headache, 334 Pseudocyst, 155f
dose equivalents, 586t Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, 144
for head and neck cancer, 219 Pseudo gout, 298299
for pemphigus vulgaris, 70 Pseudomembranous candidiasis, 549
for ulcerative colitis, 396 acute, 9496
Pregnancy, 11 Pseudomembranous enterocolitis, 399400
and CMV infections, 250 Pseudosarcomatous fasciitis, 143144
drug categories for, 11t Psoriasis
geographic tongue in, 116f geographic tongue associated with, 115116
gingivitis in, 142 Psoriatic arthritis, 298
phenytoin during, 182 PSS, 491
Pregnancy epulis, 141142 and renal disease, 413414
Pressure algometers, 320 Psychological factors
Prick skin testing, 343 affecting chronic orofacial pain, 326
Primidone PT, 458
for epileptic seizures, 602 Pterygoid muscle, 275
Primordial cyst. See Odontogenic keratocyst Pterygotemporotympanic region
Primum non nocere, 26 glomus tumor in, 147
Proaccelerin deficiency, 462 Puerto Ricans, 166
Problem-oriented record, 2930 Pulmonary embolism, 358359
Procaine, 293 Pulmonary neoplasm, 358359
Procardia Pulse rate
adverse effects of, 183 assessment of, 14
Progesterone Purified protein derivative (PPD), 484
adverse effects of, 59 Purpura, 51
Progressive relaxation Pustules, 51
for pain, 314 PVL, 102, 200
Progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), 491 Pyelonephritis, 413
and renal disease, 413414 Pyoderma gangrenosum, 397
Prolactin, 579 Pyogenic granuloma, 141142, 141f
Proliferative leukoplakia (PVL), 102, 200 Pyostomatitis vegetans, 397
Proliferative myositis, 143144, 144 Pyrazinamide
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, 104f for tuberculosis, 529
Promotility drugs Pyridostigmine bromide (Mestinon), 600
for GERD, 391 Pyridoxine
PRON, 223, 224f, 225f and coronary artery disease, 372
classification of, 226t Pyrophosphate
Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), 581 adverse effects of, 60
PROP1, 579
Propafenone Q
for atrial fibrillation, 383 Quinoline
Prophylactic antibiotics. See Antibiotic prophylaxis adverse effects of, 132
Propranolol Quinolone
for migraine headache, 335 for Legionnaires' disease, 532
Prostaglandins, 461462 Q-wave myocardial infarction (QWMI), 374
for chronic pain, 315
Prosthetic heart valves, 379 R
anticoagulation therapy for, 379t Radiating pain, 312
Prosthodontic therapy Radiation
for hemophilia, 472 biologic effect of, 207
Prostigmin, 600 effect on dentition development, 226f
Protamine sulfate, 376 head immobilization for, 208f210f
Proteinuria, 410 Radiation mucositis, 219
Prothrombin time (PT), 458 with candidiasis, 218f
Proton pump inhibitors ulceration of, 218f
for GERD, 391 Radiation shields
Protozoal infection, 532533 for mucositis, 221
Index 651
Radiation therapy of transplantation, 505t, 510

complications of, 219f Relaxation, 219
effect of, 248249 Relaxation exercises
Radical neck dissection, 207 for TMD292, 292
Radical radiotherapy, 207 Relaxation therapy
Radicular (periapical) cysts, 155f, 156 for pain, 314
Radioallergosorbent test (RAST), 343 Renal disease, 407427
Radiofrequency ablation diagnostic procedures in, 409411
for arrhythmia, 382 drug therapy for, 425t
Radiography laboratory changes in, 410t
intraoral, 36 management of, 467468
panoramic, 36 manifestations of, 414419
periapical oral health considerations of, 423427
with charge-coupled device, 37f Renal failure, 411414
Radiology clinics acute, 411412
maxillofacial imaging in, 3944 oral health considerations of, 423
Radionuclide ventriculography acute intrinsic, 411412
for heart failure, 381 chronic
Ramon syndrome, 185t management of, 419427
Ramsay Hunt syndrome, 56 medications for, 519t
Range of motion Renal osteodystrophy, 416, 417
assessment of, 320321 Renal replacement therapy, 420421
Ranulas, 246 Renal stones, 245
Rapamycin, 507509 Renal ultrasonography, 410
adverse effects, 511 Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, 460
RAST, 343 Repaglinide, 569
Ray fungus, 176 Repositioning appliances, 291
Raynaud's phenomenon, 492 Research Diagnostic Criteria, 312, 317
Reactive hyperplasias, 138145, 140f, 142f Reserpine
definition of, 138 for reflex sympathetic dystrophy, 331
giant cell, 142143 Respiratory syncytial virus, 174, 342, 352
pseudosacromatous fasciitis, 143144 Respiratory tract disease, 341359
pyogenic, 141142 Retention mucoceles, 246
Reactive/inflammatory white lesions, 8793 Retinal anlage tumor, 149
actinic keratosis, 8990 Retinoids
cheek chewing, 88 for oral lichen planus, 110
chemical injuries, 8889 Retrodiscal tissue, 274
nicotine stomatitis, 9192 Reversal syndromes, 543
sanguinaria-induced leukoplakia, 9293 Review of systems, 1112, 12t
Recombinant deoxyribonuclease Rheumatic heart disease, 377
for cystic fibrosis, 357 Rheumatoid arthritis, 245, 297298, 495498, 496f, 497f
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 6365, 65f hands in, 496f
vs. Behet's syndrome, 66 and renal disease, 413414
clinical manifestations of, 64 Rhinovirus, 348, 349
diagnosis of, 64 Rhinoviruses, 342
etiology of, 6364 Ribavirin
with HIV, 65f for bronchiolitis, 352353
treatment of, 6465 Rifampin
Recurrent herpes labialis, 67, 67f for tuberculosis, 529
Recurrent herpes simplex virus infection, 6768, 68f Risk factors
clinical manifestations of, 67 for coronary artery disease, 370371
diagnosis of, 67 modification of
treatment of, 67 and coronary artery disease, 372
Red blood cell disorders, 429435 Ritonavir (RTV)
Red blood cells for HIV infection, 544
decreased production of, 436437 Rochalimaea henselae, 178
Referred pain, 312 Rofecoxib
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy, 331332 for TMD, 291
Rejection Rosiglitazone, 569
RTV systemic conditions with, 254, 254t

for HIV infection, 544 tumors of, 46, 260265
Rubber dam, 89f benign, 260261
Rubbing, 310t malignant, 213214, 262264
Rumpel-Leede phenomenon, 459 prognosis of, 214
Rutherford syndrome, 185t staging of, 220t, 243, 244t
surgical treatment, 264265
S treatment of, 214
Saline viral disease of, 249254
for mucositis, 220 Salivary stones, 244245
Saliva Saliva substitutes, 222
artificial, 259 Salmeterol
collection of, 237238 for asthma, 354
product of, 235 Sanguinaria canadensis, 92
Salivary amylase, 255 Sanguinaria-induced leukoplakia, 9293
Salivary fistula, 265 Saquinavir (SQV)
Salivary flow rate, 237 for HIV infection, 544
Salivary glands, 235265 Sarcoidosis, 175, 258259, 485486
aberrant, 244 Sarcomas, 215
with accessory salivary ducts, 244 SBGM, 566
allergic sialadenitis, 249 Scalp
anatomy and physiology of, 235236 bullous pemphigoid of, 71f
biopsy of, 242 Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study trial, 370
Darier's disease, 244 Scanora panoramic x-ray machine, 38
developmental abnormalities of, 243244 Schaumann's bodies, 176
diseases/dysfunction of Schwann cell, 148, 149f
clinical examination of, 237 SCID, 482
diagnosis of, 236243 Scleroderma, 491492
in elderly, 614, 617618 clinical manifestations of, 491493, 492f
medical history of, 236237 etiology of, 491
symptoms of, 236 laboratory evaluation of, 493
diverticuli, 244 nomenclature of, 491
in elderly, 610611, 614, 617618 oral findings in, 493494
enlarged oral health considerations of, 494
evaluation of, 242243 treatment of, 493
examination of, 17, 242243 Sclerosing osteomyelitis
function stimulation, 222 radiographic appearance of, 164f
granulomatous conditions of, 258259 Sclerosis
hypofunction of for hemangiomas, 146147
causes of, 245t SCL-90-R, 312
imaging of, 238242 Scotoma, 335
advantages and disadvantages of, 238t Scurvy, 460
computed tomography, 241242 Sebaceous adenoma, 262
indications for, 238t Secondary polycythemia, 430
magnetic resonance imaging, 241242 Seizures
plain film radiography, 238 epileptic
protocols for, 4445 international classification of, 602t
radionuclide salivary imaging, 240241 treatment of, 602603
sialography, 238239 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 294
ultrasonography, 239240 Selenomonas, 61
immune conditions of, 256258 Self-administered screening questionnaires, 5, 6f8f
inflammatory lesions of, 247249 Self-blood glucose monitoring (SBGM), 566
medication-induced dysfunction of, 255256 Self-care
metabolic conditions with, 254255 for myofascial pain of masticatory muscles, 289290,
minor surgery of, 265 290t
mucoceles, 246 Sensitivity
radiation-induced pathology, 248249 of laboratory dental studies, 22
serologic evaluation of, 242 Septic arthritis, 298
sialolithiasis, 244245 Serotonin
Index 653
for chronic pain, 316 Smoker's palate, 9192

Serum chemistry Smoking
in renal disease, 409 cessation of, 64, 391
Serum sickness, 499 and coronary artery disease, 371
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), 482 pipe, 195
SHEP, 367 Snuff pouch, 91f
Shingles, 330331 Social history, 11
Sialadenitis Socket sclerosis, 419, 419f
bacterial, 253 Sodium aurothiomalate, 245
bilateral chronic submaxillary, 254f Sodium hypochlorite
scintigraphy of, 240f adverse effects of, 88, 89
Sialadenoma papilliferum, 262 Sodium lauryl sulfate
Sialadenosis, 256f adverse effects of, 64
Sialocele, 265 Sodium tetradecyl sulfate
Sialography, 4647 for varices, 128
Sialolith, 46, 46f Soft medication splint
Sialolithiasis, 244245 for desquamative gingivitis, 76f
Sialor, 222, 259260 Soft palate
Sialorrhea, 260 examination of, 17
Sickle cell anemia ulcer of, 204f
horizontal trabeculation, 434f Solar keratosis, 8990
Sickle cell disease, 433435 Solid organ transplantation
Sighing, 310t outcomes of, 513t
Silver nitrate Somatoform disorders, 326
adverse effects of, 88, 89f Somatosensory system, 312
Simian deficiency virus (SIV), 539 Sotalol
Simple duct papilloma, 262 for atrial fibrillation, 383
Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), 44 Specific gravity
Sinusitis, 345347 in renal disease, 410
Sirolimus (Rapamycin), 507 Speckled leukoplakia, 102, 103f
adverse effects, 511 SPECT, 44
SIV, 539 Speech, 225
Sjogren's syndrome, 46, 222, 242, 256258, 403 Speech impairment
bilateral parotid enlargement secondary to, 257f improvement of communication with, 608t
differential diagnosis of, 251 Sphygmomanometer, 14
instruction for, 497 Spinal trigeminal nucleus, 277
lymphoepithelial proliferation, 258f Spirometry
sialogram of, 257f for asthma, 353
Skin for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 356
hemangiomas of, 147 for cystic fibrosis, 357
Skin testing, 343 Spironolactone
positive, 527f for heart failure, 382
prick, 343 Spit tobacco, 90f
Skull Spontaneous pain, 312
glomus tumor in, 147 Spray and stretch therapy, 293
SLE. See Systemic lupus erythematosus Squamous cell carcinoma, 76f, 104f, 200f, 204f, 205f, 358,
Small cell carcinoma, 358 515
Smell magnetic resonance imaging of, 42f
in elderly, 611 pathogenesis of, 196
Smell dysfunction and transplantation, 512
in elderly, 614615 wedged-pair treatment plan for, 211f
prevention and treatment of, 618 Squamous odontogenic tumor, 162
Smoke SQV
tobacco for HIV infection, 544
toxins in, 355 SSRIs, 294
Smokeless tobacco, 201 St. Jude valve, 379
Smokeless tobacco-induced keratosis, 9091 Stafne's bone cyst, 155f
Smokers, 202 Staphylococcus, 349
Smoker's melanosis, 132133, 132f Staphylococcus aureus, 254f, 344, 351, 424
Staphylococcus epidermidis, 424 Sun, 195

Starch, 265 Superior cerebellar artery
Starr-Edwards ball valve, 379 atherosclerosis of, 328329
Static bone cyst, 152 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results
Statins, 371t National Cancer Institute, 198
Status epilepticus, 602 Swallowing
Stavudine (d4T) in elderly, 611
for HIV infection, 544 Swallowing disorders
Stenson's duct, 235 in elderly, 615
purulence from, 253f prevention and treatment of, 618
Stereognostic forms, 21 Sweat test
Steroids for cystic fibrosis, 357
for oral submucous fibrosis, 117 Swedish snuff, 90
Stevens-Johnson syndrome, 57, 59f Symptom checklist-90-revised (SCL-90-R), 312
mortality of, 58 Syncope, 14
Stomach disorders, 393394 Syndromes
Stomatitis associated with diffuse gingival enlargement, 185t
fusospirochetal, 62f predisposing to internal malignancy, 169t170t
necrotizing, 555f Syndrome X, 565t
with HIV infection, 554 Syngeneic transplantation, 504
nicotine, 9192, 92f, 195 Synovial chondromatosis, 297
Stomatitis nicotina, 9192 Synovial fluid, 272
Streptococcus mutans, 217, 223, 610 Syphilis, 201
Streptococcus pneumoniae, 254f, 344, 345, 346, 349, 351 with HIV infection, 554
Streptococcus pyogenes, 348 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 113f, 486490
Streptococcus sanguis, 63 clinical manifestations of, 487488
Streptococcus viridans, 254f, 352, 357, 424 dental considerations of, 490
Streptokinase etiology of, 486487
for pulmonary embolism, 358 nomenclature for, 486
Streptomyces hygroscopicus, 507 palatal lesion in, 489f
Streptomyces tsukubaensis, 507 and renal disease, 413414
Stress, 64 skin lesions in, 488f
Stress echocardiography Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP), 367
for coronary artery disease, 373
Stroke, 593594 T
embolic, 383 Tacrolimus (FK-506)
Strongyloides stercoralis adverse effects, 511
and transplantation, 512 in transplantation, 507
Stuart factor deficiency, 462 TACT, 3738
Sturge-Weber syndrome, 127, 146f, 147, 185t Tamoxifen
Sublingual glands, 235 for erythema multiforme, 59
Sublingual surgery, 265 Tangier disease, 175
Submandibular glands, 235 Tantum
sialography of, 45f for mucositis, 220
Submandibular surgery, 265 Taste
Submaxillary lymphadenopathy, 152 in elderly, 611
Submucous fibrosis, 201 Taste dysfunction
Substance P in elderly, 614615
for postherpetic neuralgia, 330 prevention and treatment of, 618
Sucralfate Tattoo
for mucositis, 220221 graphite, 134
Sulfasalazine, 397 3TC
Sulfisoxazole for HIV infection, 544
side effects, 249 TCAs. See Tricyclic antidepressants
Sulfonylureas T-cell co-stimulatory pathway modifiers
for diabetes mellitus, 568569 in transplantation, 509
Sulfur granules, 177 T-cell system, 479
Sumatriptan Tc 99m iodine, 4344
for migraine headache, 335 Tc 99m pertechnetate, 240
Index 655
Tc 99m sestamibi palpation of, 287

for coronary artery disease, 373 panoramic radiograph of, 36f
for heart failure, 381 tomogram of, 286f
TDF, 207 Temporomandibular ligament, 274275
Tea Temporomandibular structures
avoidance of, 135 nerve supply to, 277
Technetium (Tc) 99m iodine, 4344 vascular supply to, 277
Technetium (Tc) 99m pertechnetate, 240 TEN, 57
Technetium (Tc) 99m sestamibi TENS, 219, 290
for coronary artery disease, 373 mortality of, 58
for heart failure, 381 Teratomas, 152153
Teeth Tetracycline
examination of, 17 for HIV-salivary gland disease, 252
Telangiectases for pemphigus vulgaris, 70
in scleroderma, 492f for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 65
Temovate Tetracycline stains, 419f
for lupus erythematosus, 112113 Thalassemias, 435436
for oral lichen planus, 110 Thalidomide
for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 64 for erythema multiforme, 59
Temperature, 13 for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 65
Temporal arteritis, 334 Thallium 201
Temporalis muscle, 275 for coronary artery disease, 373
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), 271300, 272 for heart failure, 381
assessment of, 283288 Theophylline
classification of, 281282, 281t for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 356
clinical characteristics of, 288289 Thick leukoplakia, 102
clinical criteria for, 282t, 284t Thrombin time (TT), 458
contributing factors associated with, 285t Thrombocytopenia, 460, 461
definition of, 284t ecchymosis of, 446f
diagnostic imaging of, 287 hematoma with, 447f
diagnostic terms for, 282t in SLE, 487
ear symptoms associated with, 278279 Thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP), 461
epidemiology of, 279281 Thromboxanes, 461462
etiology of, 279 Thrush, 9496, 95f, 549
history of, 285 Thymoma, 69, 71
palpation examination for, 279 Thyroglobulin, 588
physical examination of, 285 Thyroid cancer
requiring dental procedures, 293t papillary, 588
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), 272 Thyroid disease, 587590
anatomy of, 272279 clinical and laboratory findings, 588
arthritis of, 296299 dental manifestations of, 590
arthrography of, 44, 44f differential diagnosis of, 588589
articular covering of, 278 management of, 589
articulation pathophysiology of, 587588
classification of, 272 prognosis of, 589590
autopsy specimen of, 274f Thyroid hormone replacement
bone window computed tomography scan, 41f for postmenopausal women, 589
chronic Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), 579, 587
prediction of, 288 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), 579, 581f
clinical examination of, 280f TIA, 594595
diagnostic local anesthetic nerve blocks, 287288 Tic douloureux, 328329
disk displacements, 278 Tilting-disk valve, 379
examination of, 18 Time-activity curve, 241
injection Time-dose fraction (TDF), 207
sites for, 279 Tirofiban
intracapsular disorders of, 294295 for unstable coronary syndromes, 374
linear tomogram of, 40f Tissue necrosis, 223225
magnetic resonance image of, 42f Tissue specimen
occlusion, 278 acquisition of, 206
Tissue-type plasminogen activator and transplantation, 512

for pulmonary embolism, 358 Tranexamic acid
Tissue typing after oral surgical procedures, 471
for transplantation, 506507 for anemia, 438
T-lymphocytes, 479480 for chronic renal failure, 423
TMD. See Temporomandibular disorders Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), 219,
TMJ. See Temporomandibular joint 290
TMJ Scale, 322 mortality of, 58
TNM system, 198199 Transfusions
Tobacco, 195 history of, 10
smokeless, 9091, 201 Transient ischemic attack (TIA), 594595
spit, 90f Transplantation, 503520
Tobacco pouch, 91f classification of, 504
Tobacco smoke clinical indications for, 505, 506t
toxins in, 355 complications of, 510513
Tobacco use isogeneic, 504
associated with leukoplakia, 200 medical management of, 506510
Toluene oral considerations, 514520
adverse effects of, 400 oral health considerations, 517520, 518t
Toluidine blue stains, 104, 107 oral lesions in, 514517
Tolypocladium inflatum, 507 prognosis of, 513514
Tongue types of, 504t
actinomycosis of, 176, 177f waiting lists for, 504t
asymptomatic neurofibroma, 149f Transplantation immunology, 505506
bilateral hemangiomas of, 145f Transplantation recipient
brushing of, 135 pretreatment with donor blood, 510
examination of, 17 Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), 377379
granular cell tumor of, 144, 148 for heart failure, 381
hemangiomas of, 127, 146 Trauma
herpangina of, 55f associated with leukoplakia, 200
leukoerythroplakia of, 204f developmental defects and, 299300
mucositis of, 218f Traumatic bone cyst, 152
pemphigus of, 70f Traumatic fibromas, 139141
recurrent aphthous stomatitis of, 64f Traumatic keratosis, 87, 87f
varices of, 128 Traumatic neuroma, 149
Tongue and mandibular positioning device, 208f Treatment
Tongue blade sign, 237 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical scoring
Tongue deflector, 212f system for, 26t
Tonic-clonic seizures, 602 Treatment plan
Tonsillitis, 347349 formulation of, 25
Tonsils, 138 Treponema, 61
examination of, 17 TRH, 579, 581f
Toothache Trichosporon
chronic orofacial pain confused with, 324 and transplantation, 512
periapical radiography of, 46f Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Tooth clenching, 279 for burning mouth syndrome, 333
Tooth grinding, 279 for chronic pain, 316
Topiramate for migraine headache, 335
for epileptic seizures, 602 for postherpetic neuralgia, 330
Tori, 138 for post-traumatic neuropathic pain, 331
Torus mandibularis, 139f Trigeminal nerve, 308
Torus palatinus, 139f examination of, 20
Total joint replacement nociceptive transmission associated with, 309f
antibiotic prophylaxis in, 497t Trigeminal neuralgia, 328329, 596
Tourniquet test Trigger point injections
for capillary fragility, 459 intramuscular, 293
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), 57 Trigger point injection therapy, 293
Toxic nephropathy, 414 Trimethoprim plus sulfisoxazole
Toxoplasma gondii for otitis media, 345
Index 657
Trimethoprim-sulfonamide penicillin Upper digestive tract diseases, 390393

adverse effects of, 57 Uremic frost, 417
Troglitazone, 569 Uremic lung, 417
Trypanosoma, 532 Uremic syndrome, 414419, 415t
TSGs, 196198 biochemical disturbances, 414
TSH, 579, 587 calcium and skeletal disorders, 416
TT, 458 cardiovascular manifestations, 416
TTE, 377379 gastrointestinal symptoms of, 414
for heart failure, 381 hematologic problems, 415416
TTP, 461 immunologic changes in, 417
Tuberculosis, 175, 526530 neurologic symptoms of, 414415
chemotherapy for, 529t oral manifestations of, 417418
chest radiograph of, 527f respiratory symptoms of, 417
diagnosis of, 529 trabecular changes in, 418f
in dialysis, 424 Urinalysis
etiology and pathogenesis of, 526527 in renal disease, 409410
with HIV infection, 554 Urokinase
oral, 529f for pulmonary embolism, 358
oral manifestations, 529 Urticaria, 498f
reported cases of, 526t Uveoparotid fever, 178, 258
risk factors, 529530
salivary involvement, 258 V
treatment of, 529 Vagus nerve, 308
vaccines for, 530 examination of, 21
Tuberous sclerosis, 169t, 173, 185t Valacyclovir
Tumor-, node-, metastasis (TNM) system, 198199, 198t for erythema multiforme, 59
Tumor biology, 202203 for herpes zoster, 57
Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), 196198 for recurrent herpes simplex virus infection, 68
Tuned-aperture computed tomography (TACT), 3738 Valproic acid
Tympanostomy tubes, 345 for epileptic seizures, 602
Type 1 diabetes, 564566 Valsalva's maneuver, 382
radiograph, 572f573f Valvular heart disease, 377379
Type 2 diabetes, 565 antibiotic prophylaxis for, 379
disorders associated with, 565t Vancomycin
for chronic renal failure, 424
U Varicella zoster virus (VSV), 51, 5557
Ulcerative colitis, 395397 clinical manifestations of, 5556
Ulceronecrotic gingivostomatitis, 180f in elderly, 613
Ulcers, 51 with HIV infection, 552
recurring oral, 6368 Varix, 128
Behet's syndrome, 6567 of upper lip, 128f
herpes simplex virus infection, 67 VAS, 310
recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 6365 Vascular pain, 334
single, 7679 Veillonella, 346
blastomycosis, 78 Velocardiofacial syndrome, 482
histoplasmosis, 7778 Ventilation-perfusion (V-Q) scanning
mucormycosis, 7879 in pulmonary embolism, 358359
Ultralente insulin, 569 Ventricular evoked response amplitude (VERA), 511
Ultrasonography, 43 Ventricular fibrillation, 383384
Ultraviolet A Ventricular tachycardia, 383384
for oral lichen planus, 112 VERA, 511
Underlying medical conditions Verapamil, 183
evaluating and monitoring of, 28 for arrhythmia, 382
Unilateral radiation for migraine headache, 335
effect of, 226f Verruca vulgaris, 166f
Unstable angina, 373 Verrucous carcinoma, 104f
Unstable coronary syndromes Verrucous leukoplakia, 102
therapy of, 374375 Verrucous ulcer, 78
Upper airway infections, 341349 Vesicles, 51
Vessel wall disorders, 459462 blockage of, 247f

Viadent, 92 calcified deposit in, 239f
Vinblastine, 552 sialolithiasis in, 239f
for Kaposi's sarcoma, 129, 216f White blood cell count
Viral infections, 534556 with differential, 438t
with HIV infection, 550551 White blood cell disorders, 438443
Viral upper respiratory infection, 342 White-coat hypertension, 366
Viral warts, 166f White line, 87
Viruses White sponge nevus, 86
in oral cancer, 202 WHO
Virus-induced tumors analgesic ladder, 219
benign, 165167 Whole saliva, 237
Vision impairment WHYMPI, 310
improvement of communication with, 608t Wickham's striae, 107
Visual analog scale (VAS), 310 Wine, 195
Vital signs, 13 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, 493
Vitamin A, 203 Withdrawal flexion reflex, 312
for oral submucous fibrosis, 117 Witkop's disease, 8687
Vitamin B12, 64 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, 383
and coronary artery disease, 372 World Health Organization (WHO)
deficiency of, 436437 analgesic ladder, 219
atrophic glossitis in, 436f
for pernicious anemia, 437 X
Vitamin K deficiency, 463 Xanthomas, 174175
Vitamins Xanthomatosis, 170t
and coronary artery disease, 372 Xenografts, 504
Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, 147, 196198 Xerostomia, 222, 236, 417, 518f, 556, 595
Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis, 149, 168, 169t medication-induced, 253
Von Willebrand's disease (vWD), 454, 462, 470f treatment of, 259260
management of, 467 Xerostomia-associated caries, 223f
and oral surgical procedures, 470472 X-linked agammaglobulinemia, 481
V-Q scanning
in pulmonary embolism, 358359 Y
VSV, 51, 5557 Yoga, 314
clinical manifestations of, 5556 Yogurt
in elderly, 613 for oral candidiasis, 101
with HIV infection, 552
vWD, 454, 462, 470f Z
management of, 467 Zafirlukast
and oral surgical procedures, 470472 for asthma, 354
Zalcitabine (ddC)
W for HIV infection, 544
Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia, 71 Zidovudine (ZDV)
Warfarin (Coumadin), 376 for HIV infection, 544
for atrial fibrillation, 383 for oral hairy leukoplakia, 94
for heart failure, 382 Zilactin
for prosthetic heart valves, 379 for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 64
Weight loss Zimmerman-Laband syndrome, 185t
and hiatal hernia, 392 Zinc citrate
West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory adverse effects of, 60
(WHYMPI), 310 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 172, 394
Wharton's duct, 235 Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, 322
Index 659

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INDEX

A Actinic keratosis, 8990

Adenoidectomy, 345 Allergic shiners, 343

Amphotericin B for valvular heart disease, 379

Biopsy for acute leukemia, 445

Biopsy for acute leukemia, 445

Cerebral infarction, 593 Christmas factor deficiency, 462

post-translplantation, 519 for varices, 128

Dialysis, 421f for burning mouth syndrome, 333

systemic conditions in, 607t treatment of, 602603

supplementary procedures for, 22 Fibrinolytic disorders, 464

in transplantation, 509 granular cell tumor of, 148

Gram-negative bacilli, 217 HBO, 223235

congenital, 435436 in elderly, 613

Hospital dental department, 23 management of, 365t, 367368

Immunity Inflammatory (reactive) hyperplasias, 138139, 138145,

for histoplasmosis, 78 Koplik's spots, 348

mucous membrane pemphigoid, 7273 Lithotripsy, 246

Malar rash Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, 249

Metabolic acidosis, 414 for asthma, 354

Murray-Puretic-Drescher syndrome, 185t Neonates

Nociceptors, 312 of mixed epithelial and mesenchymal origin, 164165

Oral hairy leukoplakia, 93f, 201, 551f vs. actinomycosis, 176

smoker's, 9192 laboratory tests of, 6970

of palate, 134 PIT1, 579

PPD, 484 Provocation tests, 287

Radiation therapy of transplantation, 505t, 510

RTV systemic conditions with, 254, 254t

for chronic pain, 316 Smoker's palate, 9192

Staphylococcus epidermidis, 424 Sun, 195

Tc 99m sestamibi palpation of, 287

Tissue-type plasminogen activator and transplantation, 512

Trimethoprim-sulfonamide penicillin Upper digestive tract diseases, 390393

Vessel wall disorders, 459462 blockage of, 247f

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