Learning Journal (during self-directed project)

Date: 4 September 2017

Goals: Find information about the Glorious revolution, historical figure, and ideologies

Notes:

The Glorious Revolution - The Glorious Revolution or the other two names, Bloodless Revolution
and Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of James II of England by William III of Orange and the
union of Parliamentarians.

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) - The English Philosopher who best known for his political thought.
What motivates human being to act is important to Hobbes. He contrastsscience with a whole raft
of less reliable forms of belief - from probable inference based on experience, right down to
absurdity. He believes that we are all basically selfish. Also, bases morality upon self-interest

Hobbess view of human nature

- Ethics and human nature

1.Materialism Versus Self-Knowledge

- he thinks of human beings as mechanical objects,programmed as it were to pursue their self-

interest.
- he thinks the only effective influence on our behaviour will be incentives of pleasure and pain.

2.The Poverty of Human Judgment and our Need for Science

- Our judgment can be changed depends on self-interest or pleasure and pain in that moment
- Judgment can swayed by the persuasive and colored speech of others, who can deliberately
deceive us and may well have purposes that go against the common good or indeed our own
good.
- Much judgment is concerned with what we should do now
- it is only science, "the knowledge of consequences" (Leviathan, v.17), that offers reliable
knowledge of the future and overcomes the frailties of human judgment.

3.Motivation

- He thinks that we are too much concerned with what others think of us, or inflamed by religious
doctrine, or carried away by others' inflammatory words.
- claiming that weought to do what it is most in our interest to do.
- two absolutely certain postulates of human nature
- the postulate of human greed by which each man insists upon his own private use of common
property
- the postulate of natural reason, by which each man strives to avoid violent death

4.Political Philosophy

- People are needy and vulnerable

- People are easily to lost their attempt to know the world around them
- Our capacity to reason is as fragile as our capacity to know; it relies upon language and is prone
to error and undue influence.
- When we act, we may do so selfishly or impulsively or in ignorance, on the basis of faulty
reasoning or bad theology or others' emotive speech.
Why people have to obey governmental authority even of a very imperfect kind in order to avoid
risk of chaos and bloodshed. He did not agree with the theory The Divine Right of Kings which
stated that kings were appointed by god and people should obey this person because god said so.
The right to rule lay with ordinary people who gave kings power which was known as the social
contact theory of government. He was privately an atheist. At the same time, he scared of the
consequence of the social contact theory which could encourage people to oppose rulers
whenever they felt a little unhappy. His view of life in state of nature would have been nasty,
brutish, solitary, poor, and short. As a result, people were feared of chaos so, they formed
government which they have subsequent duty to keep obeying with only few rights to complain, if
they did not like it. The only rights that people have to protest is when they threaten to kill them not
for imposing tax, or crippling economy. His theory was dark, cautious, and not especially hopeful
about government

- Thomas Hobbes believed that in the absence of an invisible absolute ruler, we would all kill each
other
- Absolute government is the only way that we will survived without destroying each others

Though of so unlimited a power, men may fancy many evil consequences,

Yet the consequences of the want of it, which is perpetual ware of every man against his
neighbour, are much worse
humane affairs cannot be without some inconvenience
He that complain of injury from his Sovereign, complain of that thereof he is the author himself;
and therefore ought not to accuse any man but himself
without partiality, without application and without other design, then to set before mens eyes
the mutual relationship between protection and obedience

Nature of Human

- People were born equal in both mental and physical

- When people are alive, they will have needs
- Human needs power as a tools
- Natural Power : he thought that this is a basic power in human in both physical and mental
e.g. strength, prudence , art , and elegance
- Instrumental Power : this power came from others acceptance and luck
- Natural Law : rule by god
- Conflict in human
- Competition : want the same things but that things were not enough
- Diffidence : after they got something that want, they will scared that someone will steal it
- Glory : want to be famous

John Locke (1632-1704) - He uses a theory of natural rights to argue that governments have
obligations to their citizens, have only limited powers over their citizens, and can ultimately be
overthrown by citizens under certain circumstances. He also provided powerful arguments in favor
of religious toleration.

He advocated toleration on the basic of three points

- because Earthly judges, the state in particular, and human beings in general, cannot
dependably evaluate the truth-claims of competing religious standpoints
- even if they could, enforcing a single true religion would not work, because you cannot be
compelled into belief through violence
- coercing religious uniformity leads to far more social disorder than allowing diversity
- Our minds are fitted at birth with all sorts of ideas about religion, ethics, morality, and
government.
- He argued that everything we think or believe is actually derived from experience from the
simple ideas we receive from sensations in the outside world or internal reflections on the
processes of our own understandings
- He believe that education was absolutely crucial to how people turn out
- People are very vulnerable to the ideas that people place in our minds when we are children
- the little and almost insensible impressions on our tender infancies have very important and
lasting consequences.
- association of ideas that one makes when young are more important than those made later
because they are the foundations of ourselves
- constitutional government

References:

http://www.iep.utm.edu/hobmoral/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9i4jb5XBX5s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZiWZJgJT7I
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N2LVcu01QEU

Reflection : My goal today is to find information in my topic. I started with the Glorious Revolution.
But, I thought that other members in my group might also start with Glorious Revolution too so, I
changed my focus to the historical figure, which is Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. I did not think
that they will have a lot of information and hardly to understand. I started with Thomas Hobbes and
spend most of the day in understanding him. At first, I read the information in the website (first
reference) but there are too much. So, I decided to find some clip video in Youtube which is a lot
shorter. But it stills hard to understand. I paused and change to John Locke. This time, I started
with the clip video because it is a lot easier. After that, I found a clip video compared between
Hobbes and Locke so, I watched it. This clip video included summary of both historical figure and it
is very clear.

Learning Journal (during self-directed project)

Date : 8 September 2017

Goals : Find final information about historical figure

Notes :

State of nature
- A pre-social condition
- people work together
- no government , no contracts , no understandings have been set up at all

Social contract
- An agreement between members of the community

Sovereign
- Legitimate head of state
- have power after the social contract has been written

Thomas Hobbes
- selfish , must be control
- state of nature is a dangerous place
- life of man is solitary , poor , nasty , brutish , short (the war of all against all)
- his state of nature is all human are born equal and equally share the right to do whats necessary
for their survival
- people are able to harm their neighbours and take what its needed for their own protection
- driving force in a person is the will to survive
- there is no obligation for people to respect others and there is no morality in the traditional sense
of goodness and justice
- no capacity to create an ordered and peaceful society
- natural laws - general rule found out by reason telling what to do and what not to do
- 1. everyone ought to seek peace and follow it
- 2. one must be willing to lay down their natural right so far as others do as well. If one does
not give ip their natural right, they are considered a threat to the existence of peace among a
society

John Locke
- human are rational by nature
- they can control themselves
- god give human natural right
- state of nature - men living together according to reason, without a common superior on earth
with authority to judge between them
- men know moral law. positive recognition as creature of god.
- right to private property
- the justification of private ownership is labor
- death is only acceptable to deter others. for the sake of preserving mankind

References :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xxLLIxuY3gg

Reflection : Today, I worked for a little bit. I watched a short video about social contract theory. It
made me understand more a little bit about the social contract. I researched more about John
Locke and Thomas Hobbes but I think it is the same as my last journal. Think that the information
in the learning journal is quite the same as the last journal.

Learning Journal (during self-directed project)

Date : 10 September 2017

Goals : Gathered all information in summary

Notes :

Glorious revolution

James II is Catholic but most of the people in England are Protestant. Parliament are all protestant
too. His daughter, Mary, is protestant so people thought that after James II died, Mary will become
queen and the country will become Protestant. But, after that, he had another son and make him
became catholic so, most of the population did not like. Mary who married with William of Orange,
both of them are protestant. After people knew about Jamess son, they invite William of Orange
and Mary to overthrown James II but, he was exiled. Finally, William of Orange became king.

Historical figure
Hobbes said that people are selfish and because of that, they must be control. His state of nature
is a dangerous place which is all human are born equal and equally share the right to do whats
necessary for their survival so, people are able to harm their neighbours and take what its needed
for their own protection. In easy way, the driving force in a person is the will to survive. Life of
human is solitary , poor , nasty , brutish , short (the war of all against all)

Locke said that human are rational by nature. They can control themselves so, they must have the
right to

- John Locke was riding against the backdrop of the glorious revolution
- Hobbes said we have government to protect us from ourselves while Locke said we have
government to protect natural right
- Hobbes said the sovereignty reside by the monarch while Locke said the sovereignty reside by
the people
- Hobbes said that governments power cannot be limited while Locke said that governments
power can be limited
- Hobbes said that we have no right of revolution while Locke said that we have right to revolution
- Hobbes saw men as evil life of a man is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short
- Locke understands man to be capable individuals able to think rationally and have the desire to
coexist peacefully
- they both agree that man is equal
- Hobbes sees government as necessary in order to control natural law
- Locke believes that government is necessary in order to preserve natural law
- Hobbes civil society - social contract : the contract by which we avoid the state of nature and
enter civil society is an agreement between individuals.
- The parties to the contract are individuals who promise each others to hand over their right to
govern to the sovereign.
- The sovereign has absolute power to govern.
- The sovereign can be This man or This assemble of men
- Sovereign power is indivisible.
- Law begins only when the is a sovereign.
- To go against the sovereign is to against yourself
- Locke civil society - we give up our right to ourselves exact retribution for crimes in return for
impartial justice backed up by overwhelming force
- we retained the right to life and liberty
- the great and chief end of mens uniting into commonwealths and putting themselves under
government is the preservation of their property
- Those in a civil society are linked in 1 body and have common established law and judicature
to appeal with authority
- people connect to have the laws made and enforce by society
- the sovereign can be overthrown by society of the sovereign has become unjust

References :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNO0DuhLdv4

Reflection: I shared my information with my group members. We summary the process of Glorious
and I summary the theory of Hobbes and Locke too. It made me and my group members clearly
understand about Hobbes, Locke, and the Glorious Revolution. This is the last journal for find
information because I think it is enough.

Learning Journal (during self-directed project)

Date : 12 September 2017

Goals : Find information about ideologies and linked to the revolution

Notes :

Colonization is an event that changed the way to rule country to another way.

Colonization in Glorious Revolution is an event that resulted in the deposition of James II and the
accession of William III (of Orange) and Mary II to the English throne; the provisions of the Bill of
Rights abolished the royal power to suspend and dispense with law and forbade the crown to levy
taxation or maintain a standing army in peacetime without parliamentary consent

Lockeanism is the ideology by John Locke. It is the way to control people by peace. People have
their rights to vote and able to secure their rights.

Lockeanism in Glorious Revolution is the part that population in England did not agree with James
II and they started to rebel by invited William of Orange to overthrown.

Hobbesianism is the ideology by Thomas Hobbes. It is the way to control people by fear. People
have no rights to revolt. It is easier to control people by make them fear.

Hobbesianism in Glorious Revolution is the part that James II used absolute power to suspend the
limitation.

John Locke lived during the range of James II. He argued that government was a form of contract
between people and the leaders. Government existed to protect life, liberty, and property. He
rejected the divine right of king and support the role of Parliament with limited monarchy.

James II
- believes in the divine right of kings
- religious tolerance for catholic and non-conformist
- place Catholics in key position
- James believed in the authoritarian which is the same way as Hobbes

References : The previous journal

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/ushistory1os2xmaster/chapter/the-glorious-revolution-and-the-
english-empire/

Reflection : I tried to connect the historical figure and ideologies to the revolution. Ideologies and
historical figures are connected because the ideologies which I chose are come from the historical
figure which I chose too. I found that Hobbesianism connected to the revolution because James II
believes in the same way as Hobbes, for example. The problem is that there is too much
information. I cannot linked all of his theory to the revolution because some of his ideologies is not
involved to

Learning Journal (during self-directed project)

Date : 13 September 2017

Goals : Answer the question

Notes :
Why most of England people became Protestant?

At first, only clergy can access copy of Bible which means everyone in the country never read the
Bible. But, John Wycliffe is the person who made the Bible available to all people because he
believed that Englishmen needed to be familiar with the scriptures on their own terms in order to
know Jesus Christ. After the first published and people access to the Bible, many more joined the
Protestant Church. They do not believed in the transubstantiation or eucharist. All Protestant leader
rejected this believe as fault.
In the reign of James I, he established the definite victory for Protestantism in England by the King
James Bible which is translated into a language and dialect specific to the English people and to
their Protestant region.

Answer the research question

- Why people revolt against James II
Because most of the people are protestant but James is Catholic. Before James II became king,
there was a law involved to the Catholic. People cannot worship Catholic freely and keep Catholic
out of public office. But, after James II became king, he changed the law to make Catholic has
more access to the public.

- How those historical figures influenced the life and thought of people in glorious revolution?

Thomas Hobbes - people thought that they have to have king , they have to obey the rule which
made by the king or higher class

John Locke - They thought that they way of the king is not right , they started to revolt to their king
because they do not like the thing that their king do

- How can we applied the obstacles we have learned from glorious revolution to our life?
- everyone should be equal, which means to be fair
- violence is not the solution

References :

https://www.museeprotestant.org/en/notice/protestantism-in-england-in-the-16th-century-
separation-from-rome/

Reflection : Today we started to answer the question that we came up in the proposal. Some
question looks easy, but it is not. The last question is the hardest question to answer. There also
some problem that we don't understand. Example like why most England people become
Protestant which first are Catholic so, we do a research about that. It is hard to find the information,
we cannot find the reason why James II is Catholic but his father Charles I is Protestant.

Learning Journal (during self-directed project)

Date : 14 September 2017

Goals : Continue answering the question

Notes :

- How the ideologies/movement related to the revolution and historical figures?

Lockeanism - people can secure their rights. They can revolt if they feel like the ruler did not
secure their right but control them by force them. So, in the revolution, James II changed the law
about Catholic but most of people are Protestant. They think that it is not fair because ha changed
the rule for himself. This is a ideology by John Locke
Hobbesianism - people are brutal. They should be control by a ruler who has law to make them
fear. If there is no fear, there will be chaos. In the revolution, James II, who believes in authoritarian
which is the same way as Hobbes. He also believe in the divine right of kings.

- How it involved?

King James II using absolute power to control the country (Hobbesianism)

People start to revolt against James II (Lockeanism)
After the revolution, James was deposition by William of Orange which made country became
Protestant. (Colonization)
Lockeanism is an ideology by John Locke
Hobbesianism is an ideology by Thomas Hobbes

Reflection : I used the information from the previous journal to answer the question which is most
involved to each others (the revolution, historical figure, and ideologies). After we final summarised
all of the information and answered the question, we will continue doing the product which has two
parts: the booklet and the video clip. We will start with the booklet first. Then, we will think of the
description to describe the picture. After that we will start record the video of our 2nd part of
product. This will not take a long time to do. When we finish record the video, we will record
another audio which will be clearer than the first record in the video. This is because we want to
clear the other noises when we film.

Learning Journal (during self-directed project)

Date : 18 September 2017

Goals : List characters information for the introduction part in the booklet

Notes :

James II
Second surviving son of Charles I. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch of England because
he having designs of becoming an absolute monarch. His first daughter, Mary II, and his son,
James Francis Edward. He was overthrown at the end of Glorious Revolution.

Mary of Modena (James II s wife)

Mary II
James II s daughter. She is Protestant. Also, she married with William of Orange, who is
Protestant too.

William III of Orange

Mary II s husband. He is dutch, and also Protestant. In the Glorious Revolution, he invaded
England by army.

James Francis Edward (James II s son)

James II s son. He was born and became Catholic which leads to displeasure of Englands
population then leads to the Glorious Revolution

Parliament
Collaborate with 7 Anglican Bishop to overthrown James II
7 Anglican Bishops
Collaborate with Parliament to overthrown James II. They also wrote a letter to William III of
Orange to invite him to invade.

Reference : The previous journal

Reflection : After we start drawing the scene in the booklet, we just realized that our character is
not the same as the real person which can make readers confused. Also, some of the character
might look the same. So, we decided to create a page for introduce our character which we
thought that it will be better for readers to know and understand the same as we want to show
them.

Learning Journal (during self-directed project)

Date: 23 September 2017

Goals: Write a scrip of the video

Notes:

1. After Charles I, the king of England, died. James II, his brother, succeeded the thrown and
became king of England.
2. While everyone in England, included the parliament and the bishop, are Protestant, James II is
Catholic.
3. However, there was no problem in this moment because James II give a promise that he would
maintain the Protestant religious status.
4. This made Englishmen relieved that everything is gonna be ok so they just deal.
5. But, the beginning of the conflict is here. In England, there is a law about keeping Catholics out
of public office which the main point is no worshiping freely
6. THAT WAS A LIE!! but wait, we gonna explain it in the next page
7. The first thing that he did is appointed his Catholic supporter then gave them high military and
government positions
8. Next, he distribute the Declaration of Indulgence which is a
9. the information of Declaration of Indulgence
10. After that, the Parliament and 7 Anglican Bishops became nervous and thought that James II is
not good for their country so they started to question How can we get rid of the Catholic king?
11. Here comes the solution! Mary, daughter of James II but while James II is Catholic, she is
Protestant. She also married with William of Orange who is Protestant too.
12. When they realised about Mary, they came up with a thought Maybe Mary will become a
queen after James II
13. This will take a long period of time that they have to wait
14. Until.James II and Mary of Modena gave birth of James IIs son, James Francis Edward.
15. The problem come back again.. The parliament and 7 Anglican Bishops said We cannot let
it be like this! and they started to revolt which is the action of Lockeanism that opposite to
Hobbesianism.
16. As you know that Locke and Hobbes are always be compared to each others, means that they
have absolutely opposite ideologies. The first ideology, Lockeanism an ideology by John Locke.
Locke thought that everyone has their own right, and it is their right to protect their rights. This
might sound confusing. In easy way, people have freedom to do everything. For example,
Locke said that government were built to protect peoples right which means that people can
revolt against the government if they did not do their jobs or use forces to control people. In the
other hand, Hobbesianism which is Hobbess theory talked about the natural of human.
Hobbes said that people are solitary , poor , nasty , brutish , short or in easy way is the war of
 all against all. He thought is that people have to be controlled by absolute power so they will
not revolt against their ruler.
17. So, the 7 Anglican Bishops wrote a letter to William of Orange
18. The letter is an invitation to England to restore Protestant
19. But, who is William of Orange? you might have known that Mary, James II daughter, married
with him. He is a head of Dutch state who always wanted to take over James IIs thrown
20. The invitation is an opportunity to him, so why he would not accepted it? He and his army
headed to England by ships
21.
22. When they all came, James II was shocked because both his daughter and his military officers
standing on Williams side
23. So, James II decided to escape to France
24. Unfortunately, he got caught and brought back to London
25. But, William did not want James II to be a prisoner so he let him go
26. Thats why James II escaped to France successfully
27. After James II gone, the country had no king so the parliament have a convention
28. Then, William of Orange asked Can I be a king now?
29. Parliament have a convention again. If William of Orange want to become king, he had to
agree with the Bill of Rights first
30. information of Bill of Rights