Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
9.1 a) Ho: = 30
Ha: 30
x = 28.5 n = 60 = 8.5 = .01
For two-tail, /2 = .005 zc = 2.575
x 28.5 30
z= = -1.37
8.5
n 60
The observed z = -1.37 > -zc = -2.575. Do not reject the null hypothesis.
b) From Table A.5, inside area between z = 0 and z = -1.37 which is the same as the
area between 0 and 1.37 is .4147
p-value = .5000 - .4147 = .0853
Since the p-value of .0853 is greater than /2 = .005, the decision is to:
Do not reject the null hypothesis
x 6.91 7.48
z = = -2.31
1.21
n 24
x 1,515 1,500
z = = 1.64
100
n 120
observed z = 1.64 > zc = 1.28. Reject the null hypothesis
b) Probability > observed z = 1.64 is .5000 - .4495 = .0505 (the p-value) which is
less than = .10. Reject the null hypothesis.
x c 1,500
1.28 =
100
120
x c = 1,500 + 11.69 = 1511.69
Since the observed x = 1,515 is greater than the critical x c = 1511.69, the
decision is to reject the null hypothesis.
Chapter 9: Statistical Inference: Hypothesis Testing for Single Populations 3
9.4 Ho: = 82
Ha: < 82
z.01 = -2.33
x 78.125 82
z= = -2.39
9.184
n 32
Statistically, we can conclude that urban air soot is significantly lower. From a
business and community point-of-view, assuming that the sample result is
representative of how the air actually is now, is a reduction of suspended particles
from 82 to 78.125 really an important reduction in air pollution (is it substantive)?
Certainly it marks an important first step and perhaps a significant start. Whether
or not it would really make a difference in the quality of life for people in the city
of St. Louis remains to be seen. Most likely, politicians and city chamber of
commerce folks would jump on such results as indications of improvement in city
conditions.
x 58,974 62,600
z = = -1.97
7,810
n 18
Since the observed z = -1.97 > z.01 = -2.33, the decision is to fail to reject the
null hypothesis.
9.7 H0: = 6
Ha: 6
x = 5.3611 n = 50 N = 650 = 0.2903 = .10
2-tailed test, /2 = .05 z.05 = + 1.645
x 5.3611 6
z = = -16.19
N n 0.2903 650 50
n N 1 50 650 1
Since the observed z = -16.19 < -z.05 = -1.645, the decision is to reject the
null hypothesis.
9.8 Ho: = 41
Ha: > 41
x 43 .4 41
z 2.64
8.95
n 97
Since the observed z = 2.64 > z.01 = 2.33, the decision is to
Reject the null hypothesis
The table value for z = 2.64 is .4959. The p-value is .5000 - .4959 = .0041. Since
this is less than = .01, the decision using the p-value is to reject the null
hypothesis.
Since the observed z = 2.82 > z.10 = 1.28, the decision is to reject the null
hypothesis.
The table value for z = 2.82 is .4976. The p-value is .5000 - .4976 = .0024. Since
this is less than = .10, the decision using the p-value is to reject the null
hypothesis.
In our decision to reject the hypothesized mean of $50, we are saying that we have
concluded that the mean is greater than $50. However, our sample mean is only
$2.00 more than $50. While this may be an indication of carpet cleaning inflation,
for many customers, an additional $2.00 may not be substantial nor cause them to
forgo the cleaning.
x = 132.36 = 27.68
This is a one-tailed test. Since the p-value = .019, we reject the null hypothesis at
= .05.
The average water usage per person is greater than 123 gallons.
x 17.45 18
t = = -0.68
s 3.60
n 20
Ho: = 60
Ha: < 60
x 58.42 60
t = = -2.23
s 25.68
n 51
Ho: = 2,260
Ha: > 2,260
or one-tail test, = .05 critical t.05,9 = 1.833
x 2,237.5 2,260
t = = -0.65
s 109.36
n 10
Observed t = -0.65 < t.05,10 = 1.812
The decision is fail to reject the null hypothesis
Ho: = 8.3
Ha: 8.3
For two-tail test, /2 = .005 critical t.005,19 = 2.861
x 8.37 8.3
t = = 1.65
s .1895
n 20
H0: = 1.90
Ha: 1.90
For a two-tailed test, /2 = .05 critical t.05,9 = 1.833
x 1.873 1.90
t = = -4.87
s .0227
n 10
Since t = -4.87 < - t.05,9 = -1.833,
The decision is to reject the null hypothesis.
Ho: = $3.16
Ha: > $3.16
x 3.1948 3.16
t = = 1.96
s .0889
n 25
H0: = $33
Ha: $33
Two-tailed test, /2 = .025 for 50 degrees of freedom, t.025,50 + 2.009;
t x s 32.67 33 1.81
1.3
n 51
The observed t = -1.81 > - t.025,50 = -2.009
The decision is to fail to reject the null hypothesis.
H0: = 3.51
Ha: > 3.51
Chapter 9: Statistical Inference: Hypothesis Testing for Single Populations 8
x 3.72 3.51
t = = 2.52
s 0.65
n 61
Since the observed t = 2.52 > t.01,60 = 2.390, we reject the null hypothesis.
H0: = 1200
Ha: 1200
Two-tailed test, /2= .025 t.025,19 = +2.093
x 1038 .9 1200
t = = -2.88
s 250 .44
n 20
The observed t = -2.88 < -t.025,21 = -2.093,
The decision is to fail to reject the null hypothesis
H0: = 46
Ha: < 46
x 42.167 46
t = = -1.46
s 9.124
n 12
H0: = 19
Ha: 19
Observed t value = 0.66. Since the observed t = 0.66 < critical t value = 2.06,
p p .465 .45
z = = 0.53
pq (.45)(.55)
n 310
p p .28 .29
z = = -0.60
pq (.29)(.71)
n 740
p-Value Method:
z = -0.60
Since the p-value = .2743 > /2 = .025, the decision is to Fail to reject the null
hypothesis
p c p
z =
pq
n
p c .29
1.96 =
(.29)(. 71)
740
pc = .29 .033
Since p = .28 is not outside critical values in tails, the decision is to Fail to reject
the null hypothesis
Chapter 9: Statistical Inference: Hypothesis Testing for Single Populations 11
Since the observed z = -1.80 is greater than z.005= -2.575, The decision is to fail to
reject the null hypothesis. There is not enough evidence to declare that the
proportion is any different than .48.
x 303
p = .7301
n 415
p p 7301 .79
z = = -3.00
pq (.79)(.21)
n 415
Since the observed z = -3.00 is less than z.01= -2.33, The decision is to reject the
null hypothesis.
Chapter 9: Statistical Inference: Hypothesis Testing for Single Populations 12
Since the observed z = 6.783 is greater than z.005= 1.645, The decision is to reject
the null hypothesis. There is enough evidence to declare that the proportion is
different from .31.
Ho: p = .24
Ha: p > .24
n = 700 x = 160 = .05 z.05 = 1.645
p nx 160 .8571
700
z p p .8571.24 0.71
pq (.24)(.76)
n 700
Since the observed z = -0.71 is less than z.05= 1.645, The decision is to fail to
reject the null hypothesis. There is not enough evidence to declare that the
proportion is less than .24.
p p .22 .18
z = = 2.02
pq (.18)(.82)
n 376
Since the observed z = 2.02 is less than z.01= 2.33, The decision is to fail to reject
the null hypothesis. There is not enough evidence to declare that the proportion
is greater than .18.
Chapter 9: Statistical Inference: Hypothesis Testing for Single Populations 13
n = 67 x = 40 = .05 /2 = .025
x 40
p = .597
n 67
p p .597 .47
z = = 2.08
pq (.47)(.53)
n 67
Since the observed z = 2.08 is greater than z.025= 1.96, The decision is to reject the
null hypothesis.
2.05,21 = 32.6706
(20 1)(18)
2 = = 38
9
Chapter 9: Statistical Inference: Hypothesis Testing for Single Populations 14
Since 2 = 38 > 2.05,19 = 30.1435, the decision is to reject the null hypothesis.
(9 1)( 4.5) 2
2 = = 3.31
49
Since 2 = 3.31 < 2.01,8 = 20.0902, the decision is to fail to reject the null
hypothesis.
(12 1)(30.0833)
2 = = 23.64
14
Since 2 = 23.64 > 2.025,11 = 21.9200, the decision is to reject the null
hypothesis.
2.01,19 = 36.1908
(20 1)(.00162105)
2 = = 30.80
.001
Since 2 = 30.80 < 2.01,19 = 36.1908, the decision is to fail to reject the null
hypothesis.
Chapter 9: Statistical Inference: Hypothesis Testing for Single Populations 15
(13 1)(832,089,743.6)
2 = = 49.93
199,996,164
Since 2 = 49.93 > 2.05,12 = 21.0261, the decision is to reject the null
hypothesis. The variance has changed.
2.01,8 = 20.0902
(9 1)(.1225 )
2 = = 24.5
.04
Since 2 = 24.5 > 2.01,8 = 20.0902, the decision is to reject the null hypothesis.