AxleLoadAnalysisforNationalHighways

DSTIITMadrasDisseminationWorkshop
onWarrantsforModifiedBinders

October2425,2016
IITMadras
DSTIITMadrasWorkshop DoniaSavio
Outline

IRC:372012

Overloadingofhighways

Axleloaddistributionspectrum

Discussion

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Trafficdatarequiredfordesigningapavement

Totaltrafficvolume(AADT)
Magnitudeoftheaxles(axleload)
Axleconfiguration
Tyre pressure(ourassumption560kPa)
Speedofthevehicle
(ourassumption 80kmph~10Hzfrequency)

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Trafficandaxleloaddata

Is24/7datasufficientfordesigninga
pavement?

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Handlingtrafficandaxleloaddata

Howistrafficandaxleloaddatahandledin
India?

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 TrafficInputs IRC:372012
(1) AADT Data (2) Axle load data
(Traffic survey 24 / 7 day count) (Axle load survey )

Commercial vehicle - Gross wt. > 3 t

(IRC:37-2012, Table 4.1)

(http://devlakhsmisurveyors.com/)
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IRC:31983
Legal axle load limits
Vehicle types as per
IRC:3-1983

NoTridem NoTridem
axlevehicle axletype

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VehicletypesinIndia

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Equivalencefactorequation

(IRC:372012)

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Axletypes

Steering axle Single axle dual wheel

6t 10.2 t Tandem axle
18 t
IRC: 3-1983

Tridem axle
24 t (American standards)
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Waystohandleaxleloaddata

Actualaxleloadsinthefield AASHTOWare

Entiretrafficconvertedtotheno.ofrepetitionsof
standardaxles
No. of repetitions of
Equivalency factors
20 20 20 20

ESAL

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EALF(EquivalentAxleLoadFactor)
WhatisEALF?
Damage per pass of the axle considered to the
damage per pass of a standard axle
4
Xi
EALF
Ls
Howcanweexpressdamage?
3.89 0.854
1 1
Fatigue life NF
t MR

4.5337
1
Rutting life NR
v (IRC:37-2012)
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DifferentapproachestocalculateESAL
VehicleDamageFactor(VDF)approach
(IRC:37-2012)

TruckFactor(TF)approach
(Asphalt Institute)

LoadSpectraFactor(LSF)approach
(Prozzi and Hong, 2007)

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VDFapproach(IRC:372012) Axletype
WhatisVDF?

Multiplier (VDF) No. of repetitions of

20 20 20 20

m
Fi = EALF of ith axle load group
Fi ni
i 1
m = No. of axle types
VDF
Total no. of vehicles ni = No. of passes of the ith axle
load group

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TFapproach(AsphaltInstitute) Vehicletype

4
X
EALF i
Ls
TF for this truck

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TFv/sVDF

TF growthfactors foreachvehicletype

VDF individualgrowthfactors notpossible

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IssuesrelevanttoIndia!!!!

Availabilityoftrafficandaxleloaddata

Nonstandardaxlecombinations

Probleminhandlingtheavailableaxleload
database

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 NH13

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Whatisoverloading?

Legal axle limit 6 + 18 = 24 Tonnes

Observedload 10 + 24 = 34Tonnes

SS Tandem
Gross load

3 Axle vehicle

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Grossload notoverloaded axleoverloaded

Ifgrossweightofavehicleisnotoverloaded,
doesthisimplythatalltheaxlesofthatvehicle
arenotoverloaded?

NO

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Importanceofoverloadinganalysis

Legal axle limit 6 + 18 = 24 Tonnes

10 + 20 = 30Tonnes
Observedload
3 + 20 = 23Tonnes

Overloaded Not
overloaded
SS Tandem
Gross load

3 Axle vehicle
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Overloadinganalysis Axletype

NH 13

NH 13

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OverloadinganalysisVehicletype
NH 13

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AOLR Averageoverloadingratio
Averageweightoftheaxles
AOLR
Legalaxleweight

No
overloading

(Wen et al., 2005)

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Designtraffic(ESAL)
NH 13

Design life= 10 years, Growth rate = 5 %, LDF =0.5

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Shortcomings!!!
VDFandtruckfactor Averagingmethod

Load bin = 1t Load bin = 0.25 t

Probabilitydensityfunctions
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Probabilitydensitycurves
NH 13

Steering axle Single axle dual wheel

Weibull Weibull

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Loadpavementdamage axleloadspectra

Load pavementdamage mathematically

equivalenttomomentstatisticsoftheaxleload
distribution

LSF= Load Spectra Factor

(Prozzi and Hong,2007)

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ESALvaluesusing3methods

NH13 NH58

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Discussion
RequiresrevisionofIRC:31983 Tridemaxle
legallimitsshouldbeincorporated

MostofthevehiclesplyinginIndianhighways
areoverloaded

LSF Preventsunder/overestimationofthe
trafficdata

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Acknowledgement

DSTTSDgrantnumber:DST/TSG/STS/2011/46

M/sV.RTECHNICHE,Delhi

M/sL&TIDPL,Chennai

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 THANKYOU

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 No. of vehicles
Class 6

19

Single Tandem Tridem

Class 10
1.6 0.4 0

Class 8
28

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