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The document classifies substations into several categories:
1. By function - transformer, switching, or converting substations depending on their role in transforming, switching, or converting voltage and frequency.
2. By operating voltage - high voltage, extra high voltage, or ultra high voltage depending on the voltage level.
3. By importance - grid or town substations, which impact transmission of bulk power or local supply.
4. By design - indoor, outdoor, or pole mounted depending on how equipment is housed.
The document classifies substations into several categories:
1. By function - transformer, switching, or converting substations depending on their role in transforming, switching, or converting voltage and frequency.
2. By operating voltage - high voltage, extra high voltage, or ultra high voltage depending on the voltage level.
3. By importance - grid or town substations, which impact transmission of bulk power or local supply.
4. By design - indoor, outdoor, or pole mounted depending on how equipment is housed.
The document classifies substations into several categories:
1. By function - transformer, switching, or converting substations depending on their role in transforming, switching, or converting voltage and frequency.
2. By operating voltage - high voltage, extra high voltage, or ultra high voltage depending on the voltage level.
3. By importance - grid or town substations, which impact transmission of bulk power or local supply.
4. By design - indoor, outdoor, or pole mounted depending on how equipment is housed.
l. Step'Up or Primary Substations. Such substations are usually associated with
generating stations. The generated voltage, which is usualiy low (11 or 33 k\), is stepped up to primarv transmission voltage so that huge blocks of power can be transmitted over Iong distances to the load centres economically. 2. irimary Grid Subststions. Such substations are located at suitable load centres along the primary transrnission 1ines. In these substations, the primary transmission voltage is stepped down to different suitable secondary voltages. 'Ihe secondary transmission lines are carried (rver to the secondary substations situated at the ioad centres where the voltage is further stepped down to sub-transmission or primary distribution r.,oltages. 3. Step-Dou)n or Distribution Substations. Such substations are located at the loacl centres, lvhere the sub-transmission/primary distribution voltage is stepped down to secondary distribution voltage (4751240 $. These are the substations which feecl the consumers through distribution network and service lines. 13.2.2. Classification of Substations on The Basis of Service Rendered. The substations, according to service rendered are: 1. Transformer Substations. T4ansformers are installed on such substations to transform the power from one voltage levei to another level as per needs. 2. Su;itching Substcttions. Such sutrstations are meant for switching operation of power lines without transforming the voltage. At such substations different connections are made between various transmission lines. 3. Conuerting Substations. Such substations are meant for either converting ac to dc or vice versa or converting frequency frorn higher to lower ol vice versa. 13.2.3. Classification of Substations on The Basis of Operating Voltage. The substations, according to operating voltage, may be categorised as L. High Voltage Substations (HV Substations) involving voltages between 11 k\i and 66 kV. 2. Extra High Voltage Substations (EIIV Substations) involving voltages between 132 kV and 400 kV. 3. Ultra High Voltage Substations (IJHV Substations) operating on voltage above 400 kv. 13.2.4. Classification of Substations on The Basis of Importance. 1. Grid Substations. These are the substations from where bulk power is transmitted from one poiut to another point in the grid. These are important because any disturbance in these substations may cause the failure of the grid. 2. Town Substations. These substations step-down the voltages at 3il/11 kV for furthe,y distribution in the towns and any failure in such substations results in the failure of supply for whole of the torvn. 13.2.5. Classification of Substations on The Basis of Design. L. Indoor Type Substa,tions,In such substations the apparatus is installed 'aiithin the substation building. Such substations are usuaily for a voltage up to 11 kV but can be erected for the 33 k'V and 66 kV when the surrounding atmosphere is contaminated with impurities such as metal corroding gases and fumes, conductive dust etc. 2. Outdoor Substations. These substations are further subdivided into : (a) Pole h[ottnted Substations. Such substaticns are erected fbr distribution of power in localities. Single stout pole or H-poie and 4-pole structures with suitable piatforms are employed for transforrnels of, capacity up to 25 kVA, 125 kVA and above 125 kVA ftut up to 2b0 k\/A) respectiveiy.
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