REST protocols

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clinical data types
clinical data integrity

Standardizing health care data involves the following:

Definition of data elementsdetermination of the data content to be collected

and exchanged.

Data interchange formatsstandard formats for electronically encod-

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Suggested Citation:"4 Health Care Data Standards." Institute of Medicine. 2004.
Patient Safety: Achieving a New Standard for Care. Washington, DC: The National
Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10863.

ing the data elements (including sequencing and error handling) (Hammond,
2002). Interchange standards can also include document architectures for
structuring data elements as they are exchanged and information models that define
the relationships among data elements in a message.

Terminologiesthe medical terms and concepts used to describe, classify, and

code the data elements and data expression languages and syntax that describe the
relationships among the terms/concepts.

Knowledge Representationstandard methods for electronically representing

medical literature, clinical guidelines, and the like for decision support.

Messaging standards
Terminology standards
Document standards
Conceptual standards
Application standards
Architecture standards

health data definition specification

DBMS standards:
SQL-92
JDBC
SQLJ
SQL:1999
ADO.NET
Java Data Objects (JDO)
ODMG 3.0
Detailed Comparison of ODMG 3.0 and JDO
Summary Comparison of DBMS Standards