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CHAPTER
SHEAR IN BEAMS
A. J. Clark School of Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
By
4a
FALL 2002 Dr . Ibrahim. Assakkaf
Introduction
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
1
CHAPTER 4a. SHEAR IN BEAMS Slide No. 2
Introduction
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Q Shear Failure
Shear failure of reinforced concrete beam,
more properly called diagonal tension
failure, is difficult to predict accurately.
In spite of many years of experimental
research and the use of highly
sophisticated computational tools, it is not
fully understood.
If a beam without properly designed for
shear reinforcement is overloaded to
failure, shear collapse is likely to occur
suddenly.
Introduction
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
2
CHAPTER 4a. SHEAR IN BEAMS Slide No. 4
Introduction
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Introduction
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3
CHAPTER 4a. SHEAR IN BEAMS Slide No. 6
Introduction
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Introduction
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Figure 2a
4
CHAPTER 4a. SHEAR IN BEAMS Slide No. 8
Introduction
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Introduction
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Figure 2b
5
CHAPTER 4a. SHEAR IN BEAMS Slide No. 10
Introduction
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Introduction
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Q Theoretical Background
The concept of stresses acting in
homogeneous beams are usually covered
in various textbooks of mechanics of
materials (strength of materials).
It can be shown that when the material is
elastic, shear stresses can be computed
from
VQ (1)
v=
Ib
v = shear stress Q = statical moment of area about N.A.
V = external shear force b = width of the cross section
I = moment of inertia about neutral axis
6
CHAPTER 4a. SHEAR IN BEAMS Slide No. 12
Introduction
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Q Theoretical Background
Also, when the material is elastic, bending
stresses can be computed from
Mc
f = (2)
I
f = bending stress
M = external or applied moment
c = the distance from the neutral axis to out fiber of
the cross section
I = moment of inertia of the cross section about N.A.
Introduction
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Q Theoretical Background
All points in the length of the beam, where
the shear and bending moment are not
zero, and at locations other than the
extreme fiber or neutral axis, are subject to
both shearing stresses and bending
stresses.
The combination of these stresses
produces maximum normal and shearing
stresses in a specific plane inclined with
respect to the axis of the beam.
7
CHAPTER 4a. SHEAR IN BEAMS Slide No. 14
Introduction
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Q Theoretical Background
The distributions of the bending and shear
stresses acting individually are shown in
Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6. Mc
y P f =
I Centroidal axis
w
Neutral axis
FC c
c yC c
x
y
FT dA dy
R Vr
Figure 3. Bending Stress
Introduction
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Q Theoretical Background
8
CHAPTER 4a. SHEAR IN BEAMS Slide No. 16
Introduction
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Q Theoretical Background
Figure 5. Vertical Shearing Stress
VQ
v=
Ib
Max Stress
V
N.A
Introduction
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Q Theoretical Background
Figure 6. Vertical Shearing Stress
VQ
v=
Ib
9
CHAPTER 4a. SHEAR IN BEAMS Slide No. 18
Introduction
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Q Principal Planes
The combination of bending moment and
shearing stresses is of such a nature that
maximum normal and shearing shearing
stresses at a point in a beam exist on
planes that are inclined with the axis of the
beam.
These planes are commonly called
principal planes, and the stresses that act
on them are referred to as principal
stresses.
Introduction
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Q Principal Planes
Plane State of Stress y
y
yx
yz xy xy
zy x x
zx x
xz xy
z
yx
y
10
CHAPTER 4a. SHEAR IN BEAMS Slide No. 20
Introduction
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Q Principal Planes
Plane State of Stress
y
Components: yx
A
xy
Normal Stress x
x x
Normal Stress y
Shearing Stress xy xy A
Shearing Stress yx
yx
y
xy = yx
Introduction
ENCE 355 Assakkaf
Q Principal Stresses
The principal stresses in a beam subjected
to shear and bending may be computed
using the following equation:
f f2
f pr = + v2 (3)
2 4
fpr = principal stress
f = bending stress computed from Eq. 2
v = shearing stress computed from Eq. 1
11
CHAPTER 4a. SHEAR IN BEAMS Slide No. 22
Introduction
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1 2v
= tan 1 (4)
2 f
Note that at the neutral axis of the beam,
the principal stresses will occur at a 450
angle.
Introduction
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CHAPTER 4a. SHEAR IN BEAMS Slide No. 24
Introduction
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vxy vxy
vxy vxy
vyx vyx
B
C This plane is subject This plane is subject
to tension to compression
Introduction
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CHAPTER 4a. SHEAR IN BEAMS Slide No. 26
Introduction
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Introduction
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CHAPTER 4a. SHEAR IN BEAMS Slide No. 28
Introduction
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Introduction
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CHAPTER 4a. SHEAR IN BEAMS Slide No. 30
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CHAPTER 4a. SHEAR IN BEAMS Slide No. 32
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L L
2 2
L L
2 2
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CHAPTER 4a. SHEAR IN BEAMS Slide No. 34
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Vc = 2 f cbw d (5)
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CHAPTER 4a. SHEAR IN BEAMS Slide No. 36
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CHAPTER 4a. SHEAR IN BEAMS Slide No. 38
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50bw s
Av = (7)
fy
20
CHAPTER 4a. SHEAR IN BEAMS Slide No. 40
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Figure 10.
Isometric section
showing stirrups
partially exposed
21
CHAPTER 4a. SHEAR IN BEAMS Slide No. 42
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