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Department of Pathology II MBBS Syllabus

Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute

Syllabus for II MBBS

GENERAL PATHOLOGY
Topic
I Chapter 1 Introduction
Historical aspects; definition of terms;
1. introduction to pathology, its applications Desirable to know
and role in patient management.
Cellular responses to stress & noxious
stimuli, cellular adaptation of growth &
2. Must know
differentiation (hyperplasia, hypertrophy,
atrophy & metaplasia)
Cell injury and cell death ( cause &
3. mechanism of reversible & irreversible Must know
injury)
Morphology of cell injury (reversible &
necrosis), examples of cell injury and
4. Must know
necrosis (ischaemic, hypoxic, reperfusion
and chemical injuries)
Apoptosis and sub-cellular responses to
5. Must know
injury
Intracellular accumulation, calcification &
cellular aging; (Lipid, protein, glycogen
6. and pigment accumulation; pathologic Must know
calcification; ageing)

II Chapter 2 & 3 Inflammation/Repair

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Department of Pathology II MBBS Syllabus
Introduction to bodys immune response
(innate & adaptive immunity; cells and
7. Must know
tissues of immune system; cytokines;
structure & function of HLA)
General features of inflammation; history;
stimuli for acute inflammation; vascular
8. Must know
events; cellular events - leucocyte
adhesion and transmigration
Continuation of cellular events
(chemotaxis, phagocytosis, defects of
leucocyte function); termination of acute
9 Must know
inflammatory response; outcome of acute
inflammation; morphological patterns of
acute inflammation;
Chemical mediators (vasoactive amines;
plasma proteins; AA metabolites; PAF;
10 Must know
cytokines; chemokines; leucotrienes; NO;
free radicals & neuropeptides)
Chronic inflammation (cause,
morphological features; cells of chronic
11 inflammation; granuloma; systemic effects Must know
of inflammation; consequences of
excessive/defective inflammation)
Repair (healing; scar formation; cutaneous
12 Must know
wound healing);
Repair (continued) (healing at special
13 Must know
sites; factors affecting wound healing)

III Chapter 4 Haemodynamic disturbances

14 Oedema, Hypotension, congestion, Must know
haemorrhage & haemostasis
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Department of Pathology II MBBS Syllabus
15 Thrombosis & embolism Must know
16 Infarction, Shock Must know
IV Chapter 5 Genetic disorders
Normal karyotype; cytogenetic disorders
17 Desirable to know
(autosomal & x chromosomal disorders)
Mutation; Mendelian disorders
( Transmission pattern, biochemical &
18 Desirable to know
molecular basis of single gene disease;
principles of multifactorial inheritance)
Genetic disorders affecting structural
protein, receptor protein, enzymes and
regulatory proteins; Single gene disease
19 Desirable to know
with non-classical inheritance
(mitochondrial gene mutation, genomic
imprinting, molecular diagnosis)
V Chapter 6 - Disorders of Immunity
Disorders of immunity mechanisms of
20 Must know
hypersensitivity, Graft Rejection
21 Autoimmunity SLE Must know
Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis,
22 Desirable to know
Sjogrens, MCD,
23 Primary & secondary immunodeficiency Must know
24 Amyloidosis Must know

VI Chapter 7 - Neoplasia
25 Definition, nomenclature, biology of Must know
tumour growth, differences between
benign & malignant tumours
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Department of Pathology II MBBS Syllabus
26 Tumour spread & epidemiology Must know
Molecular basis of Neoplasia (essential
27 alterations for malignant transformation, Must know
oncogenes, suppressor genes)
Evasion of apoptosis; defects in DNA
repair, telomerase and angiogenesis;
28 Must know
invasion & metastasis; dysregulation of
genes)
Carcinogenesis (carcinogenic agents,
29 Must know
molecular basis of carcinogenesis)
Host defense, tumour immunity, clinical
30 Must know
features, and laboratory diagnosis.
VII Chapter 8 Infectious diseases
General principles (categories,
transmission & dissemination of microbes,
31 mechanisms of microbial disease, immune Nice to know
evasion, infections in immunosuppressed
hosts, tissue response to microbes)
Pathology of common viral & bacterial
infections (CMV, EBV, HPV, hepatitis
32 Nice to know
viruses, gram positive & negative
bacterial infections)
33 Mycobacterial infections - tuberculosis Must know
34 Leprosy, syphilis and others Desirable to know
35 Fungal & parasitic infections Desirable to know
VIII Chapter 9 nutritional
36 Environmental Desirable to know
37 Nutritional diseases Desirable to know

IX Chapter 10 Infancy & childhood disease

38 Congenital anomalies, birth weight, Nice to know
gestational age, birth injuries, perinatal
infections, NRDS, necrotising enterocolitis,
foetal hydrops.
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Department of Pathology II MBBS Syllabus
Inborn errors of metabolism, SIDS,
39 Desirable to know
childhood tumours.
HAEMATOLOGY
X Chapter 13 - RBC & bleeding disorders
Development of haematopoietic cells,
40 Must know
bone marrow, classification of anaemia
Iron deficiency anaemia, Megaloblastic
41 Must know
anaemia
Anaemia of chronic disease, aplasia, other
42 forms of impaired production, Anaemia of Must know
blood loss,
Haemolytic anaemia classification,
43 Must know
membrane defects, enzyme defects
Haemoglobinopathies HbS, E, C &
44 Must know
thalassaemia
45 Acquired haemolytic anaemia; Desirable to know
Bleeding disorders classification,
46 Must know
disorders of platelets
47 Coagulation disorders Must know

XI Chapter 14 WBC, lymph node, spleen

Non-neoplastic quantitative and
48 Desirable to know
qualitative disorders of leucocytes
49 Leukaemia classification, aetiology, Must know
acute leukaemias.
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Department of Pathology II MBBS Syllabus
Chronic leukaemias, MDS, other chronic
50 myelo-proliferative disorders including Must know
myelofibrosis
Non-neoplastic disorders of lymph node,
51 spleen & thymus; classification of Desirable to know
lymphoma
52 Hodgkin Lymphoma Must know
53 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Must know
54 Plasma cell dyscrasias Desirable to know
55 Blood banking Must know
SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY
XII Chapter 11 Blood vessels
56 Atherosclerosis Must know
57 Hypertension, vasculitis Must know
Congenital anomalies, aneurysms,
58 Desirable to know
tumours.
XIII Chapter 12 The Heart
Ischaemic heart disease & myocardial
59 Must know
infarction
60 Rheumatic fever; Infective endocarditis Must know
Congenital heart disease, diseases of the
61 myocardium, tumours of the heart; Desirable to know
diseases of the pericardium

XIV Chapter 15 The Lung

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Department of Pathology II MBBS Syllabus
Atelectasis, acute lung injury, ARDS, acute
interstitial pneumonia; diffuse interstitial
diseases (infiltrative, restrictive)
62 Desirable to know
fibrosing diseases (mainly
pneumoconiosis), sarcoidosis, Pulmonary
eosinophilia, smoking related diseases
COPD emphysema, bronchial asthma,
63 Must know
bronchiectasis
64 Pulmonary infections pneumonias Must know
65 Tumours of lung & diseases of pleura Must know
XV Chapter 16 Head and neck
Benign and malignant lesions of head and
66 Desirable to know
neck including oral cavity, salivary glands
XVI Chapter 17 - GIT
Oesophagus congenital anomalies,
67 Desirable to know
motor dysfunction, GERD and tumours
68 Gastritis and peptic ulcer Must know
Tumours of stomach; Congenital
69 Must know
anomalies of intestine,
70 malabsorption syndromes, Enterocolitis Desirable to know
IBD Crohns & Ulcerative colitis;
71 Must know
Tumours of small & large intestine
Tumours of small & large intestine
72 Must know
diseases of appendix & peritoneum.

XVII Chapter 18 Liver & biliary tract

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Department of Pathology II MBBS Syllabus
General features of liver disease (patterns
of hepatic injury, jaundice, portal
73 Must know
hypertension, hepatic failure, liver
function tests)
74 Infectious diseases of liver Must know
Alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, metabolic
75 liver disease. Intrahepatic biliary tract Must know
lesions and tumours
Diseases of gallbladder cholecystitis,
76 Desirable to know
cholelithiasis, tumours
XVIII Chapter 19 Pancreas
77 Acute pancreatitis and tumours Desirable to know
XIX Chapter 20 - Kidney
Normal structure, congenital anomalies,
78 cystic disease, laboratory tests in renal Desirable to know
disease.
Nephritic Syndrome pathogenesis and
79 Must know
pathology
Nephrotic syndrome pathogenesis and
80 Must know
pathology
Diseases of tubules and interstitium
81 Diseases of blood vessel, urolithiasis, Desirable to know
hydronephrosis
82 Tumours of the kidney, renal pelvis and
Desirable to know
urinary bladder
XX Chapter 20 Male genital Tract
83 Congenital anomalies & tumours of penis,
Must know
BPH & tumours of prostate
84 Testis infertility, atrophy, tumours Must know

XXI Chapter 22 Female genital tract

85 Infections of FGT, lesions of vulva and Must know
vagina; Diseases of cervix
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Department of Pathology II MBBS Syllabus
Endometrium DUB, inflammation,
86 endometriosis, adenomyosis, Desirable to know
endometrial hyperplasia and polyps
Tumours of Endometrium, myometrium
87 Desirable to know
and fallopian tube
Ovary non-neoplastic lesions of ovary,
88 classification & pathology of ovarian Must know
tumours; Diseases of placenta
XXII Chapter 23 - Breast
Benign and malignant lesions of the
89 Must know
breast
XXIII Chapter 24 Endocrine system
Diseases of pituitary gland, Parathyroid,
90 pineal gland & MEN; Diseases of Desirable to know
adrenals
91 Benign & malignant lesions of thyroid Desirable to know
92 Diabetes mellitus Must know
XXIV Chapter 25 Skin
93 Diseases of the skin Desirable to know
XXV Chapter 26 Bone & Joints
94 Infections, metabolic disease of bone Must know
95 Bone tumours Must know
96 Diseases of joints Desirable to know
XXVI Chapter 26 & 27 Soft tissue & Muscle
97 Diseases of soft tissue & muscle Nice to know

XXVI
Chapter 28 CNS & Special senses
I
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Department of Pathology II MBBS Syllabus
Infections, degenerative disorders of
98 Must know
CNS, CSF analysis
99 Tumours of brain & spinal cord Desirable to know
100 Special senses Nice to know

Breakup:
Must Know 63
Desirable to know 32
Nice to know 5

Guidelines for setting question paper:

1. Questions from Must know category should account for 60% or more of marks; all essays should be framed
from this category. ( 60 marks for 2008-09 batch; 48 marks from 2009-10 batch onwards)
2. Questions from Desirable to know category should not exceed 30% of marks; Essays questions should not be
given from this category; only short notes and short answer questions. (30 marks for 2008-09 batch; 24
marks from 2009-10 batch onwards)
3. Questions from Nice to know category should not exceed 10% of marks; Essays questions and short notes
should not be given from this category; only short answer questions. (10 marks for 2008-09 batch; 8 marks
from 2009-10 batch onwards)