UNIT 1 INFORMATION INSTITUTIONS: EVOLUTION,

GROWTH, FUNCTIONS AND TYPES

1.0 Objectives
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Evolution of Information Institutions
1.2.1 Growth Patterns
1.3 Types of Information Institutions
1.3.1 Libraries
1.3.2 Documentation Centres
1.3.3 Information Analysis Centres
1.3.4 Data Centres
1.3.5 Referral Centres and Clearing Houses
1.3.6 Deinstitutionalised Information Services
1.4 Indian Situation
1.4.1 The Three Era Framework
1.4.2 Research and Information System for Non-Aligned and other Developing Countries
1.5 Institution Building
1.5.1 Prerequisites for Building Institutions
1.5.2 Human Resources
1.5.3 Role of Institutions in Knowledge Based Economy
1.6 Summary
1.7 Answers to Self Check Exercises
1.8 Keywords
1.9 Acronyms Used in the Text
1.10 References and Further Reading

UNIT 2 INFORMATION CENTRES: TYPES AND THEIR

ORGANISATION
2.0 Objectives
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Information Centres
2.2.1 Origin
 2.2.2 Definition
2.2.3 Libraries and Information Centres
2.2.4 Need for Information Centres
2.3 Information Centres: Types
2.3.1 By Specialised Interest
2.3.2 By Ownership
2.3.3 By Level of Service
2.3.4 By Variety of Services Provided
2.3.5 By Types of Material
2.3.6 By Service in Terms of Users
2.4 Organisation of Information Centres
2.4.1 Areas of Activity
2.5 Services of Information Centres
2.5.1 Lending of Books
2.5.2 Inter-library Lending of Documents
2.5.3 Photocopy Service
2.5.4 Document Delivery Service
2.5.5 Reference, Literature Search and Preparation of Bibliographies
2.5.6 Referral Service
2.5.7 Newspaper Clippings
2.5.8 Translations
2.5.9 Technical Enquiry
2.5.10 Information Scouting
2.5.11 Current Awareness Services
2.5.12 Abstracting
2.5.13 Information Centre Publications
2.5.14 CD-ROM Search
2.5.15 Online Access to Databases
2.5.16 Internet Services
2.6 Planning an Information Centre
2.7 Examples of Information Centres
2.7.1 National
2.7.2 International
2.8 Summary
2.9 Answers to Self Check Exercises
2.10 Keywords
2.11 References and Further Reading

UNIT 3 DATA CENTRES AND REFERRAL CENTRES

3.0 Objectives
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Data: Basic Concepts
3.2.1 Meaning and Definition
3.2.2 Historicity
3.2.3 Importance and Role
3.2.4 Characteristics
3.3 Data Generation, Compilation and Dissemination
3.3.1 Data Generation
3.3.2 Data Compilation
3.3.3 Data Dissemination
3.4 Data Centres
3.4.1 Meaning
3.4.2 Structure
3.4.3 Functions
3.4.4 Services
3.4.5 Types and Levels
3.5 Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA)
3.5.1 Origin and Development
3.5.2 Functions
3.6 International and National Data Centres
3.6.1 International Data Centres
3.6.2 National Data Centres
3.7 Socio-Economic Data System in India
3.7.1 Definition and Types
3.7.2 Use of Socio-Economic Data
3.7.3 Data Generation and Collection Process
3.7.4 Bibliographical Control
3.7.5 Qualitative Improvements of the Indian National Data System
3.8 Referral Centres
3.8.1 Referral Service
3.8.2 Referral Centre: Definition and Meaning
3.8.3 Need and Purpose of a Referral Centre
 3.8.4 Functions of a Referral Centre
3.8.5 Activities of Some Notable Referral Centres
3.9 Summary
3.10 Answers to Self Check Exercises
3.11 Keywords
3.12 References and Further Reading

UNIT 4 INFORMATION ANALYSIS AND

CONSOLIDATION CENTRES
4.0 Objectives
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Genesis of Information Analysis and Consolidation Centres
4.2.1 Barriers to the Use of Information
4.2.2 Information Consolidation: Definition
4.2.3 Objectives of Information Consolidation
4.2.4 Users of Information Analysis and Consolidation Products
4.2.5 Processes in Information Analysis and Consolidation
4.3 Information Analysis and Consolidation (IAC) Centres
4.3.1 Activities, Products and Services of IAC Centres or ICUs
4.3.2 User Groups and Types of IAC Products
4.4 Planning and Management of IAC Centres
4.5 Examples of IAC Centres in India
4.6 Summary
4.7 Answers To Self Check Exercises
4.8 Keywords
4.9 References and Further Reading

UNIT 5 INFORMATION SOURCES:

CATEGORISATION
5.0 Objectives
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Information Sources and Information Resources: Difference
5.3 Information Sources: Categories
 5.3.1 Information Sources by Type
5.3.2 Information Sources by Content
5.3.3 Information Sources by Media
5.4 Summary
5.5 Answers to Self Check Exercises
5.6 Keywords
5.7 References and Further Reading

UNIT 6 PRINT AND NON-PRINT SOURCES

6.0 Objectives
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Print Media
6.2.1 Types
6.2.2 Future of Print Media
6.3 Non-print Media
6.3.1 Conventional Media
6.3.2 Electronic Media
6.3.3 Cybermedia
6.3.4 Virtual Reality Products
6.4 Storage Media
6.4.1 Optical Media
6.4.2 Magnetic Media
6.4.3 Microforms
6.4.4 Other Non-Print Media
6.5 Summary
6.6 Answers to Self Check Exercises
6.7 Keywords
6.8 References and Further Reading

UNIT 7 NATIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND

PROGRAMMES
7.0 Objectives
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Information Systems and Programmes in Science and Technology
 7.2.1 National Information System for Science and Technology (NISSAT)
7.2.2 National Informatics Centre (NIC)
7.2.3 Biotechnology Information System (BTIS)
7.2.4 Environmental Information System (ENVIS)
7.2.5 INFLIBNET: Information and Library Network
7.2.6 National Institute of Science Communication and Information
Resources (NISCAIR)
7.2.7 INDEST Consortium
7.3 Information Systems and Programmes in Social Sciences
7.3.1 Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR)
7.3.2 UGC-Inter University Centre for International Studies
7.3.3 UGC-Inter University Centre for Humanities and Social Sciences (IUCHSS)
7.4 Information Systems and Programmes in Humanities
7.4.1 Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts (IGNCA)
7.4.2 National Mission for Manuscripts (NMM)
7.4.3 Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR)
7.4.4 Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR)
7.4.5 Indian Council of Philosophical Research (ICPR)
7.4.6 National Museum, New Delhi
7.4.7 National Archives of India (NAI)
7.4.8 Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages (CIEFL)
7.4.9 Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL)
7.5 Summary
7.6 Answers to Self Check Exercises
7.7 Keywords
7.8 References and Further Reading

UNIT 8 GLOBAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS

AND PROGRAMMES
8.0 Objectives
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Global Information Systems
8.3 INIS
8.4 AGRIS
8.5 INFOTERRA
8.6 UNESCO Science and Technology Policy Programme
8.7 ASTINFO
8.8 MEDLARS
8.9 CAS
8.10 INSPEC
8.11 BIOSIS
8.12 Summary
8.13 Answers to Self Check Exercises
8.14 Keywords
8.15 References and Further Reading

UNIT 9 NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL

INFORMATION ORGANISATIONS
9.0 Objectives
9.1 Introduction
9.2 National Information Organisations
9.2.1 National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources
(NISCAIR)
9.2.2 National Social Science Documentation Centre (NASSDOC)
9.2.3 Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre (DESIDOC)
9.3 International Information Organisations
9.3.1 United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
9.3.2 UNISIST (World Science Information System)
9.3.3 PGIGeneral Information Programme
9.3.4 International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA)
9.3.5 International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID)
9.3.6 International Council for Science (ICSU)
9.3.7 Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA)
9.4 Special Organisations
9.4.1 Institute for Scientific Information (ISI)
9.5 Summary
9.6 Answers to Self Check Exercises
9.7 Keywords
9.8 References and Further Reading

UNIT 10 INFORMATION PRODUCTS PART-I

10.0 Objectives
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Newsletters
10.2.1 History of Newsletters
10.2.2 Favourable Factors
10.2.3 Types of Newsletters
10.2.4 Functions/Purpose
10.2.5 Contents
10.2.6 Electronic Newsletters
10.2.7 Benefits of e-mail Newsletters
10.2.8 Bibliographical Control
10.3 House Journals
10.3.1 History of House Journals
10.3.2 Categories of House Journals
10.3.3 Contents of a House Journal
10.3.4 Characteristics of House Journals
10.3.5 Bibliographical Control
10.4 Trade and Product Bulletins
10.4.1 History of Trade Catalogues
10.4.2 Characteristics of Trade and Product Bulletins
10.4.3 Functions of Trade and Product Bulletins
10.4.4 Sources of Trade Literature
10.4.5 Bibliographical Control
10.5 Summary
10.6 Answers to Self Check Exercises
10.7 Keywords
10.8 References and Further Reading

UNIT 11 INFORMATION PRODUCTS PART-II

11.0 Objectives
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Reviews and Related Publications
11.2.1 Characteristics
11.2.2 Preparation
11.2.3 Types and Functions
11.2.4 Examples
11.3 State-of-the-Art Reports
11.3.1 State-of-the-Art of a Technology
11.3.2 Market Reports
11.4 Statistical Reviews
11.4.1 Methods of Evaluation
11.5 Trend Reports
11.5.1 Need
11.5.2 Preparation
11.5.3 Examples
11.6 Technical Digests
11.6.1 Definition and Meaning
11.6.2 Need and Functions
11.6.3 Categories
11.6.4 Planning and Preparation
11.6.5 Examples
11.7 Summary
11.8 Answers to Self Check Exercises
11.9 Keywords
11.10 References and Further Reading

UNIT 12 INFORMATION SERVICES - PART-I

12.0 Objectives
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Literature Searches and Bibliography
12.2.1 Literature Search: Definition
12.2.2 Literature Search: Need
12.2.3 Compilation of Bibliography
12.3 Search Technique
12.3.1 Manual
12.3.2 Computer-based
 12.4 Technical Enquiry Service
12.4.1 Definition, Purpose and Scope
12.4.2 Search Technique
12.4.3 Information Sources
12.5 Document Delivery Service
12.5.1 Definition
12.5.2 Need
12.5.3 Characteristics
12.5.4 Types of Document Delivery Systems/Models
12.5.5 Examples of Document Delivery Centres
12.5.6 Electronic Document Delivery Systems
12.5.7 Role of International Organisations in DDS
12.5.8 Document Delivery Service: Emerging Trends
12.6 Translation Service
12.6.1 Need
12.6.2 Translation Process and Translator
12.6.3 Translation Services in S&T Institutions
12.6.4 Translation Activities in Humanities and Social Sciences
12.6.5 Bibliographical Control of Translations
12.6.6 Machine Translation
12.6.7 Translators Associations
12.7 Summary
12.8 Answers to Self Check Exercises
12.9 Keywords
12.10 References and Further Reading

UNIT 13 INFORMATION SERVICES PART-II

13.0 Objectives
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Application of Content Analysis in Information Services
13.2.1 Information Storage and Retrieval
13.2.2 Information Services and Products
13.2.3 Information Centre Management
13.3 Customised Organisation of Information Services
13.3.1 Meaning and Need
 13.3.2 Users and their Information Needs
13.3.3 Customised Organisation of Information Services in Relation to Users Needs
13.4 Citation Analysis-based Services and Products
13.4.1 Citation Analysis Meaning and Purpose
13.4.2 Citation Indexes
13.4.3 Products Based on Citation Indexes
13.5 ICT and Customised Organisation of Information Services
13.6 Aids to Information Sources
13.6.1 Table of Contents
13.6.2 Indexes
13.6.3 Cumulative Contents and Indexes
13.6.4 List of Tables
13.6.5 List of Illustrations
13.6.6 Explanatory Notes
13.6.7 Propaedia
13.6.8 Abstracting/Indexing Services
13.6.9 Book Reviews
13.6.10 Guides to Information Sources
13.6.11 Reference Librarian
13.7 Internet as an Aid to Information Sources
13.8 Summary
13.9 Answers to Self Check Exercises
13.10 Keywords
13.11 References and Further Reading

UNIT 14 LIBRARY AND INFORMATION

PROFESSIONALS
14.0 Objectives
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Library Professionals
14.3 Categories of Library Professionals
14.3.1 Library Administrator
14.3.2 Classifier
14.3.3 Cataloguer
 14.3.4 Classificationist
14.3.5 Indexer
14.3.6 Reference Librarian
14.3.7 Library and Information Science Teacher
14.3.8 Thesaurus Designer
14.3.9 Bibliographer
14.3.10 Librametrician
14.3.11 Bibliometrician
14.3.12 Content Developer
14.4 Information Professionals
14.5 Categories of Information Professionals
14.5.1 Information Generators
14.5.2 Information Gatherers
14.5.3 Information Processors
14.5.4 Information Recorders
14.5.5 Information Disseminators
14.5.6 Information Translators
14.5.7 Information Condensers
14.5.8 Information Retrievers
14.5.9 Information Quantifiers
14.5.10 Information Preservers
14.6 Summary
14.7 Answers to Self Check Exercises
14.8 Keywords
14.9 References and Further Reading

UNIT 15 INFORMATION INTERMEDIARIES

15.0 Objectives
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Information Intermediaries Characteristics and Functions
15.3 Information Intermediaries in the Post-Industrial Society
15.4 Types of Information Intermediaries
15.4.1 Information Brokers
15.4.2 Information Consultants
15.4.3 Online Vendors
 15.4.4 Technological Gatekeepers
15.4.5 Invisible Colleges
15.4.6 Information Filters
15.4.7 Extension Workers, Paramedical Professionals, Block Development Officers, etc.
15.5 ICT and Information Intermediaries
15.5.1 Role of Internet in Intermediary Functions
15.5.2 Filtering Software
15.5.3 Expert Systems
15.5.4 Electronic Brokerage
15.6 Information Intermediaries in India
15.7 Summary
15.8 Answers to Self Check Exercises
15.9 Keywords
15.10 References and Further Reading

UNIT 16 DATABASE DESIGNERS AND MANAGERS

16.0 Objectives
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Information Systems and Databases
16.2.1 Information Systems
16.2.2 Databases
16.3 Database System Design and Development
16.3.1 Phases of Development of Database
16.3.2 Role of Consultants in Information System Design and Management
16.4 Information System Professionals
16.4.1 Operation-Oriented Professionals
16.4.2 Technology-Oriented Professionals
16.4.3 System-Oriented Professionals
16.4.4 Management-Oriented Professionals
16.4.5 Information - Oriented Professionals
16.5 Information Professionals as Resource Persons
16.6 Role of Database Designers and Managers in Training Users
16.7 Summary
16.8 Answers to Self Check Exercises
16.9 Keywords
16.10 References and Further Reading

UNIT 18 MEDIA PERSONS

18.0 Objectives
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Mass Media
18.2.1 Functions, Scope and Expanding Dimensions
18.3 Components of Mass Media
18.3.1 Print Media
18.3.2 Radio Broadcasting
18.3.3 Television
18.3.4 Audio-Visual Media
18.3.5 Motion Films
18.4 Advertisements
18.5 Public Relations
18.6 Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) and Mass Media
18.7 Media Persons as Sources of Information
18.8 Reference and Referral Tools in Mass Media
18.9 Summary
18.10 Answers to Self Check Exercises
18.11 Keywords
18.12 References and Further Reading

UNIT 19 INTELLIGENT AGENTS

19.0 Objectives
19.1 Introduction
19.2 What are Intelligent Agents?
19.3 Test for Intelligence
19.4 Learning in Agents
19.5 Internet Agents
19.5.1 E-mail Agents
19.5.2 Web Browsing Agents
19.5.3 Information Agents
 19.5.4 FAQ Agents
19.5.5 Web Mining Agents
19.6 Distributed Agents
19.6.1 Design Approaches
19.6.2 Requirements
19.7 Mobile Agents
19.7.1 Advantages
19.8 Other Intelligent Agents
19.9 Agent Technology
19.10 Summary
19.11 Answers to Self Check Exercises
19.12 Keywords
19.13 References and Further Reading