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CHAPTER 2
LOAD FACTOR
1.40DL + 1.7 LL
U = required strength
= 0.75 (1.4D + 1.7L +1.7W)
= 1.05 D + 1.275 L + 1.275 W
PD = 120 kN
PL = 60 kN
Find: Pu
Pu = 1.4 (120) + 1.7 (60)
= 270 kN
OR:
MD = 1.2 PD = 1.2(120) = 144 kN.m
ML = 1.2 PL = 1.2(60) = 72 kN.m
MU = 1.4 MD + 1.7 ML
= 1.4(144) + 1.7(72)
MU = 324 kN.m
DFBA = = 0.714285
+ 1/10
DFBC = 0.285715
FEMBC = WL2 = 30(10) 2 = 250 kN.m
12 12
13
Final Moment:
Due to Dead Load,
MB = 178.571 kN.m
Due to Live Load:
MB = WL = WD = 178.571 = 59.524 kN.m
3 3
MB = + 25
Load Case 1 :
1.40D + 1.7L MU = 1.4(178.571) + 1.7(59.324)
= 351.19 kN.m
Load Case 2: (f1 = 0.5) (PE )
MU = 1.32D + 1.1 f1L + 1.1 E
MU = 1.32(178.571) + 1.1(0.5)(59.524) 1.1(25)
MU = 240.95 kN.m
DESIGN MOMENT
MU = 351.19 kN.m
Analysis :
Given : b, d, As, f' c, fy
Find : Mu Mn, 0.90 for moment
0.85 for shear
Mn nominal moment capacity
Mu Mn ultimate moment cap.
Balanced Condition:
a = 1 c
c d 0.003 600
c d d
0.003 0.003 (fy/Es ) 0.003 (fy/Es ) 600 fy
Asfy ab 0.85f' c
600
a 1 c 1 d
600 fy
600 0.85f' c
As 1 db
600 fy fy
Pr ocedure :
1.) max (4.10.4.3)
min (4.10.6)
As
2.) act
bd
3.) If act max use As max bd
max min use As As act max act
3
act min use As As act
4
Asfy
4.) a
0.85f' cb
a
5.) Mu 0.90 Asfy(d - )
2
Design :
Given : f' c, fy, Mu (factored moment / design moment)
Find : a.) Req' d bd 2
b.) Req' d As
Mu
Mu Mn Mn
As bd
Asfy
a
0.85f' c(b)
Mu a bdfy
Asfy(d - ) bdfy(d - )
2 1.7f' cb
Mu fy
bd 2 fy(1 - )
1.7f' c
Mu
Req' d bd 2
R
fy
where R fy(1 - ) MPa
1.7f' c
M M
s
s
Let :
Mu fy fy
X [1 - ] :m
bd 2 fy 1.7f' c 0.85 f ' c
m
X [1 - ]
2
m 2
x0
2
m
1- 4 X
4
Req' d 1
m
2
2
1 - 2mX
1-
m
Design :
Given : f' c, fy, Mu (factored moment / design moment)
Find : a.) Req' d bd 2
b.) Req' d As
Mu
Mu Mn Mn
As bd
Asfy
a
0.85f'c(b)
Mu a bdfy
Asfy(d - ) bdfy(d - )
2 1.7f'cb
Mu fy
bd 2 fy(1- )
1.7f'c
Mu
Req' d bd 2
R
fy
where R fy(1- ) MPa
1.7f'c 2
M M
s
s
Let :
Mu fy fy
X 2
[1 - ] :m
bd fy 1.7f' c 0.85f ' c
m
X [1 - ]
2
m 2
x 0
2
m
1- 4 X
Req' d 1 4
m
2
2
1 - 2mX
1-
m
As bd
Procedure :
1.) max , min
2.) Choose max
min
fy
3.) R fy(1 - )
1.7f' c
Mu
4.) Req' d bd 2
R
choose b & d & h
Mu fy
5.) X 2
&m
bd fy 0.85f' c
1 - 2mX
6.) req' d 1 -
m
7.) Req' d As bd
As
n no. of bars
Ab
Cc kd
kd 1/3 d
a = 1 c (article 410.3.7.3)
1 = 0.85 for fc < 30 Mpa
1 = 0.8 0.05 (fc 30) for fc > 30 Mpa
7
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 ) 1 0.65 Ultimate Strength Design (USD)
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor 2k6 2k7
Steel: y = fy GRADE 40
Es y = 276 = 0.00138
200,000
ANALYSIS:
Given: b, d, As, fc, fy
Find: Mn = Nominal Moment Capacity
Mu = Mo = Ultimate Moment Capacity
F = 0 Cc = Ts
0.85 fc a b = As fy
M = 0
Mn = Cc or Ts (d a)
2
Balance Condition.
Cb = 0.003 d= 0.003 d Es
0.003 + y 0.003 + fy Es
Es
Cb = 600 d
600 + fy
Cb = 1 cb
Design
Given: fc, fy
Mu factored Moment = Mn => Mn = Mu/
1) max, min
3) Reqd bd2 = Mu
R
Choose b and d
4) As
a. X = Mu
bd2 fy
b. m = fy
0.85 fc
1 1 2mX
c. Reqd
Reinforced ConcretemDesign ( RCD 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor 2k6 2k7
d. As = bd
1
a A s fy
As
Mn A s fy d A s fy d 2 let : A s bd
2 0.85f ' cb bd
bdfy
Mn bdfy d
1.7f ' cb
Mn fy
fy1 R
bd 2 1. 7f ' c
Mu fy
let X 2
and m
bd fy 0.85f ' c
fy 2m
X 1
2(0.85f ' c) 2
2 m 1 1 4(m / 2)X
X 0 :
2 2(m / 2)
1 1 2mX
:
m
Asfy 2463.01x41 4
3.) a 114 .25
0.85f' cb 0.85x35x300
a
4.) Mu Mn Asfy (d )
2
114 .25 -6
Mu 0.9(2463.0 1)(414) 630 (1 10 )
2
Mu 525.74 kN - m
Example no. 2
Design the beam shown using f' c 21MPa and Gr. 40 bars : Use 0.015, d 2b and
h d (d b /2 d bs 50)
where : d bs stirrup bar diameter 12mm ; d b 32mm
PD 70 kN PL 50 kN
WD 20kN/m WL 15kN/m
As 2463.01 mm 2
ct 2463.01/(3 00 630) 0.013031
3.) a Asfy/(0.85f' c)
2463.01(41 4)/[0.85(3 5)(300)
114.25
Example no. 2
Design the beam shown using f' c 21MPa and Gr. 40 bars : Use 0.015, d 2b and
h d (d b /2 d bs 50)
where : d bs stirrup bar diameter 12mm ; d b 32mm
PD 70 kN PL 50 kN
W D 20kN/m W L 15kN/m
Pu 1.4(70) 1.7(50)
183kN
Wu 1.4(20) 1.7(15)
53.5kN/m
WuL2 (53.5)(102 )
M max Pu(1.5)(2) Pu(0.5)(3) 183(1.5)(2) 183(0.50)(3)
8 8
M max 1492.25 kNm
0.85f'c 600 0.85x21 600
bal 1 0.85
fy 600 fy 276 600 276
bal 0.037653
max 0.75bal 0.75(0.037653)
max 0.028246
f' c 21
min
0.0041509
4fy 4 x 276
min 0.0050746
1.4 1.4 0.0050746
min fy 276
fy 0.015x276
R fy1 (0.015)(276)1 -
1 .7 f ' c 1.7x21
R 3659900 MPa
4.) Req' d As
Mu 1492.25x106
a. X 2
bd fy 0.9 x 500x (1022) 2 x 276
X 0.0115
fy 276
b. m
0.85f' c 0.85x 21
m 15.462
Req' d :
1 - 1 - 2mX 1 1 ( 2 x15.462x 0.0115)
m 15.462
0.012760
As bd
0.012756(500)(1022)_
As 6518.316 mm 2
A 6518.316
n s
Ab (/4)(32)2
n 8.10 say 9 pcs. 32 mm bars (round up)
2 1.4 2 8
0.0033816
2
M pos 414(5.534)(382.82) 1412.4 kN - m 3337.4 kN - m
min 30.0038192
Since req' d Mmax 3337.4
max AS kN
bd- m
min 0.0099994 * 400 *1544.2
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 ) 4 Ultimate Strength Design (USD)
0.01*414
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday6176.4
b. R 0.01 * 414 1 - 3mm
6:00 .8879 MPa
9:00 Lecture Notes
6176 1 .7 * 40
Engr. Alberto S.n Caete
- .Professor
4
10.03 say
6 10 or 11 bars 2k6 2k7
Req' d. bd 2 *U(28
M 3337.4 *10
)2 953.79 *106 mm3
4R 0.9 * 3.8879
2.) Determine the maximum live load WL that the beam can carry based on the capacity of the
beam section @ B shown below. Use WD = 10 kN/m, fc = 28 MPa, and grade 40 bars.
1 1.7 WL 7.5 (1.4WD )7.5
VC 2.125WL 52.5
3 2 2
1 2.5 1
MB (0.51WL )(2.5) (1.4 *10) (2.125WL 52.5)2.5
2
2 3 2
M B 175 5.8438WL
0.85 * 28 600
max 0.75 * 0.85 * * 0.037653
276 600 * 276
28 1.4
min 0.0047930 or 0.0050725 min 0.0050725
4 * 276 276
( 25) 2 * 4
d 650 * 80 704.05 mm
( 25) 2 * 4 (20) 2 * 3
AS
4
4 * 252 3 * 20 2 2905.97 2906 mm 2
2906 max
0.010319
400 * 704.05 min
2906 * 276
a 84.250 mm
0.85 * 28 * 400
84.250 6
Mn 0.9 * 2906 * 276 704.05 - * 10 477.81 kN - m 175 5.8438WL
2
WL 51.817 kN/m