Objectives of the Study

General Objective

The study attempts to attest that the Resynchronization of Traffic Light Systems will
minimize the traffic congestion and maximize efficiency.

Specific Objective

This study aims to redesign the synchronization of traffic signal lights along A.H. Lacson
Avenue, Metro Manila.

1.) To allow the maximum number of vehicles to pass through the intersection with the
given distance and time with the minimum delay.
2.) To lessen the pollution generated by the traffic congestion.
3.) To deflate the fuel consumption caused by low running speed of the vehicle.

Scope and Delimitation

This research intends to prove that the resynchronization of traffic lights will reduce the traffic
congestion along the stretch of A.H. Lacson Avenue, Metro Manila. This study is focused on static traffic
light system. To accomplish the resynchronization, the volume count of the vehicle, determination
traffic density,

The study does not include the microscopic modeling of traffic management schemes such as
the pedestrian crossing, loading and unloading zones, collision of vehicles, flooding due to inclement
weather and such. The type of vehicle is also not considered.
Related Literarture

International

Traffic signals are one of the most powerful tools for urban traffic control available to
city authorities. Their correct installation can improve both traffic flow and the safety of all road
users. In comparison to other traffic improvements, signals are also relatively low capital
intensive. (Azhar Al-Mudhaffar, 2006)

In a research by SUNKARI (2004), he stated that signal retiming is a process that

optimizes the operation of signalized intersections through a variety of low-cost improvements,
including the development and implementation of new signal timing parameters, phasing
sequences, improved control strategies and, occasionally, minor roadway improvements. A
fixed-time signal also must have fixed cycle and split lengths that accurately balance average
demand over a period of time. As traffic patterns change over days, weeks and times of year
(such as holidays), it is appropriate to modify signal timing parameters. This often includes the
development of different timing parameters for morning and evening peak periods, midday off-
peak periods, weekends and nights. Signal timing is effective only as long as the traffic patterns
that were used to generate the signal timing are reasonably constant. Traffic patterns change
over time; developments in surrounding areas also can cause a significant change in traffic
patterns. One of the direct benefits is the reduced delay experienced by motorists. Delay savings
are more apparent for motorists traveling along coordinated signalized arterials. Motorists
experience fewer stops and reduced fuel consumption. Improving signal timing also has other
indirect benefits. Reduced fuel consumption reduces emissions and, hence, improves air quality.

The concept of traffic lights appeared in ancient times, during the Roman Empire when
citizens noticed a conflict between pedestrian and equine travelers. Not until 1860s a practical
solution was implemented in London in the form of a traffic control device with arms to
command drivers at intersections. The modern traffic light was invented in America. New York
had a three color system in 1918 manually operated from a tower in the middle of the street. In
1926 the first automatic signals, activated by a timer, were installed in London (Azrulnor Ahmad,
2007). The control of traffic lights made a big turn with the use of computers (the first analogue
computers in Denver in 1952 (Neng-Chao Lv et al., 2012) and the first digital computers in 1959,
in Toronto (Ronald Theodoor Van Katwijk, 2008). Nowadays, in many cities the controllers
operate in real-time by applying a control action in response to the current traffic state.
However, there are still numerous static traffic lights control in operation (Carolina Osorio and
Michel Bierlaire, 2008 ). Usually, for static traffic lights, the phases have a fixed duration based
on historical traffic data. The green time can be varied between pre-timed minimum and
maximum lengths depending on flows. The fixed timing of the phases is optimized by fine-tuning
a set of intersections along the arterial road but there are a few attempts of optimizing the
timing by looking at a broader scale. (Sorina Costache Litescu, et al. 2016)
 Azrulnor Ahmad. Development of traffic light control system using programmable logic
controller. PhD thesis, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 2007.

Neng-Chao Lv, Xin-Ping Yan, and Chao-Zhong Wu. A novel urban traffic control approach
considering travelers intentions. In CICTP 2012@ sMultimodal Transportation
SystemsConvenient, Safe, Cost-Effective, Efficient, pages 13181326. ASCE, 2012.

Ronald Theodoor Van Katwijk. Multi-agent look-ahead traffic-adaptive control. TU Delft,

Delft University of Technology, 2008.

Carolina Osorio and Michel Bierlaire. A multiple model approach for traffic signal
optimization in the city of lausanne. In Swiss Transport Research Conference, number TRANSP-
OR-CONF- 2006-078, 2008.

Information Dynamics in Transportation Systems with Traffic Lights Control by Sorina

Costache Litescu,Vaisagh Viswanathan,Heiko Aydt,Alois Knoll
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050916310122