BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

EFFECTS OF FERTILISER , MANURE AND POLYTHENE

ON THE GROWTH OF HYPOCOTYL OF THE SEED
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA O.N.G.C
PANVEL
SUBMITTED BY:-

PRATIK ASHOK RATHOD

XII-B
CBSE ROLL NO.
2
 CERTIFICATE
This is To cerTify ThaT This Biology invesTigaTory
ProjecT on The ToPic effecTs of ferTilizer,
manure and PolyThene on hyPocoTyl of a seed has
been successfully completed by Pratik Ashok
Rathod of class XII B under the guidance of Mrs.
Archana Kumari in particular fulfilment of the
curriculum of Central Board of Secondary
Education (CBSE) leading to the award of annual
examination of the year 2017-18.

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I havetaken efforts in this project. However, it would
not have been possible without the kind support and
help of many individuals. I would like to thank my
principal Shri R.K.Sinha and school for providing me
with facilities required to do my project. I am highly
indebted to my Biology teacher, Mrs. ARCHANA KUMARI
for her invaluable guidance which has sustained my
efforts in all the stages of this project work. I would
also like to thank my parents for their continuous
support and encouragement. My thanks and
appreciations also go to my fellow classmates and
the laboratory assistant in developing the project
and to the people who have willingly helped me out
with their abilities.
4
 INDEX
Sr.No CONTENTS Page No.

1 MAIN OBJECTIVE 6

2 INTRODUCTION 7

3 MATERIALS 8

4 METHODOLOGY 9

5 OBSERVATION 10

6 DATA ANALYSIS 12

7 CONCLUSION 13

8 RECOMMENDATION & REFERENCE 14

5
MAIN OBJECTIVE : -
To study the effect of fertilizer, manure and polythene on the
growth of the hypocotyl of a seed.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE :-

Through continuous observation of the growth of plants in fertiliser, manure

and polythene the most suitable soil conditions for a typical plant can be
observed. By observing such soil conditions, the productivity and growth of
plants can be checked.

6
 INTRODUCTION
As the plant embryo grows at germination, it sends out a shoot called a radicle that
becomes the primary root, and then penetrates down into the soil.
The early development of a monocot seedling like cereals and other grasses is somewhat
different. A structure called the coleoptile, essentially a part of the cotyledon, protects the
young stem and plumule as growth pushes them up through the soil.
One of the widely used assay in the field of photobiology is the investigation of the effect
of changes in light quantity and quality on hypocotyl elongation. It is frequently used to
study the growth promoting vs. growth repressing effects of application of plant
hormones like ethylene. Under normal light conditions, hypocotyl growth is controlled by
a process called photomorphogenesis, while shading the seedlings evokes a rapid
transcriptional response which negatively regulates photomorphogenesis and results in
increased rates of hypocotyl growth.[2] This rate is highest when plants are kept in
darkness mediated by a process called skotomorphogenesis, which contrasts
photomorphogenesis.
7
 MATERIALS
1) Pots- 3
2) Gram seeds 10-12
3) Fertiliser
4) Manure
5) Polythene
6) Beaker
7) Soil

8
 METHODOLOGY
During the Making of this project, the following steps were followed:-
Pots, gram seeds, along with fertiliser, manure and polythene and other materials were
brought and the pots were prepared to be sown.
Seeds were planted and watered. Fertiliser was added to the first pot, named as Pot A.
Observations were recorded for that day.
Manure was added to the second pot, named as Pot B the next day.
Polythene was added to the third pot, named as Pot C the following day, and regular
observations were made.
Watering and regular observation was being taken for 27 days.
After the observation of plants and their growth, observation was compiled and data
analysis was made.
Conclusion was drawn from the data analysis for the three cases of planted gram seeds.
9
OBSERVATION
Observations were recorded
regularly for 27 days and the
following data was gathered:-
Number of seeds planted in
1) Pot A- 4
2) Pot B- 4
3) Pot C- 3

10
11
 DATA ANALYSIS
According to the above observations, the following analysis was made:-

Due to access of fertilizer, some plants in POT A died.

Due to lack of water for some continued days, some plants had dried.
Seeds germinated in POT C died soon because of polythene present in the pot, which
hampered their proper absorption of nutrients.
Plants in POT B were best grown in height and persisted for a long time.
Growth of plants planted in POT A was medium all over and can be considered as
average.
Water consumption by the gram seeds was considerably low.
12
 CONCLUSION
From the above data analysis, following conclusions can be drawn:-
Access of fertilizer can be harmful for germinating seeds. However, if used in an
appropriate amount, fertilizers can be beneficial for plants.
Growth of plants can be observed best in manure, as it is a natural extract, and can
supply better quality of nutrients to the plants.
Presence of polythene is harmful for plants, and it hampers the pathway for the plants
absorption of nutrients. Therefore, it can be concluded that pollution can be very harmful
to the natural environment and, ultimately it affects the humans.
Lack of water is extremely undesirable when plants or trees are growing, as water is an
essential part of their nutrition and is important in the developmental process
13
 RECOMMENDATION
Through the observations recorded and conclusion drawn from the collected data, it is clear that, planters should use
manure the most in amount for the proper growth of plants. Fertilizers are also extremely useful for the growth of plants,
but, if used in excess amount, then it can be harmful for the plants. Therefore, the amount of fertilizers used should be
checked.
Also pollutants, such as polythene, should be removed from the planting area, as these pollutants are harmful for the
growth of plants and hampers their proper elongation. Also, regular watering is an essential criterion for growing plants,
because this provides them with necessary elements and compounds for photosynthesis. At the same time, excess of
water should not be provided to the plants, because of the probability of contamination.

REFERENCE :-
Biology textbook, NCERT

www.wikipedia.com

www.google/images.com

www.bing .com

14