Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
0 AIM
The aim of this set of experiment is the determination of physical and transport
properties such as density, viscosity, diffusion coefficient and rotation angle. In addition to
the properties mentioned above, partial molar volumes of solution components and molecular
weight of the solute will also be predicted using the measured densities and viscosities of
solution.
1
2.0 RESULTS
1.15 1.15
1.1 1.1
1.05 1.05
1 1
0.95 0.95
0.9 0.9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
W2 %
Figure A.1. W2 vs 1/
2
Table B.1 Viscosity Measurements
Pure 4/25 8/25 12/25 16/25 Solution
Solution
Water ml ml ml ml 10 ml C6H7NaO6
7.83 9.16 12.45 17.03 26.41 53.49
Elapsed Time (s) 8.24 9.00 12.80 17.75 26.65 54.87
8.05 8.86 12.53 17.73 26.47 55.60
Average time (s) 8.04 9.00 12.60 17.50 26.51 54.65
Viscosity from
Polymer K a M
Ostward viscometer
Na
Alginate 1.228*10-4 0.963 8.9 111410.975
Polymer
s= o=1 cp. for water
18
16
14
12
10
nR
8
6
4
2
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
C
3
Table C.1 Diffusion Coefficient Data
pH H mH mT mt/m t0.5
2,97 0,001072 0,000216 0 0 0
2,91 0,00123 0,000248 3,20039E-05 1,904993587 7,745966692
2,79 0,001622 0,000327 0,000110939 6,603489505 10,95445115
2,69 0,002042 0,000412 0,000195596 11,64262367 13,41640786
2,61 0,002455 0,000495 0,000278851 16,59827533 15,49193338
2,47 0,003388 0,000683 0,000467092 27,80306707 18,97366596
2,37 0,004266 0,00086 0,000643966 38,33131059 21,9089023
2,27 0,00537 0,001083 0,000866638 51,5855839 24,49489743
2,18 0,006607 0,001332 0,00111594 66,4249821 26,83281573
2,11 0,007762 0,001565 0,001348896 80,29142233 28,98275349
1,97 0,010715 0,00216 0,001944165 115,724085 33,76388603
1,87 0,01349 0,00272 0,002503491 149,0173142 37,94733192
1,8 0,015849 0,003195 0,002979126 177,3289514 41,71330723
1,74 0,018197 0,003669 0,003452499 205,5058714 45,16635916
1,69 0,020417 0,004116 0,003900125 232,1503217 48,37354649
1,65 0,022387 0,004513 0,004297244 255,788305 51,38093031
1,62 0,023988 0,004836 0,004620029 275,0017186 54,22176685
1,59 0,025704 0,005182 0,0049659 295,5892623 56,92099788
1,57 0,026915 0,005426 0,005210116 310,1259448 59,49789912
1,55 0,028184 0,005682 0,005465842 325,3477201 61,96773354
1,53 0,029512 0,00595 0,00573362 341,2868755 64,34283177
1,52 0,0302 0,006088 0,005872204 349,5359748 66,633325
340
320
300 y = 4.6778x
280 R = 0.8919
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
4
Table D.1 Rotation Angle Measurements for Calibration Curve
5
30
y = 136.8x
R = 0.9978
25
20
Rotation Angle ()
15
10
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
Concentration (g/mL)
6
3.0 DISCUSSION
7
4.0 NOMENCLATURE
8
5.0 REFERENCES
[1] http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=10035
[2] http://www.thoughtco.com/density-and-specific-gravity-differences-606114
[3] Chemical Engineering Labrotary I Handbook
[4] http://www.convertunits.com/molarmass/Water
[5] http://www.kimyaborsasi.com.tr/m/metil-alkol--187.html
9
6.0 APPENDIX
A: Determination of Density and Partial Molar Volumes
Calculation of the specific gravity of first solution with 3ml
alcohol /50ml solution :
= 0.001199 3 (@ 770 , 25 ) [3]
= 0.001184 3 (@ 750 , 25 ) [3]
=
0.9971 51.78 51.08
= 51.78 (0.001915) = 1.01 3
51.08 51.08
1/ = 1/1.01 = 0.989 ml/g
2 = 100
+
1.01 3
2 = 100 = 5.60%
1.01 3 + 51.08
Other calculated values are shown in Table A.2
Calculation of Partial Molar and Pure Molar Volumes of Alcohol and Water:
1/ vs W2 was drown on Figure A.1. On the curve from tangent line partial mass volumes
were obtained and by extrapolation pure volumes of water and alcohol were read. (Physical
properties from Chang, R., 2008)
10
3 3
W2=0 1 = 0.95 18.02 = 17.12
3 3
1 = 0.9766 18.02 = 17.60
3 3
W2=100 2 = 1.3119 32.04[5] = 42.03
3
3
2 = 1.3200 32.04 = 42.30
11
B. Determination of Molecular Weight by Viscosity Measurements
o (for water) = 0,9971 g/ml [3]
Viscosity:
= 0
0 0
Assume the solution as dilute =1
0
9.07
= 1 1 = 1.20
7.56
Relative Viscosity:
= = 1.00
1.20
= = 1.20
1.00
Specific Viscosity:
= 1
= 1.20 1 = 0.2
Stock solution:
1 1 = 2 2
Stock solution:25 mL (C=1 g/L)
25 1
= = 0.625
4 10
Reduced Viscosity:
=
0.2
= = 0.32
0.625
12
Inherent Viscosity:
ln( ) ln(1.20)
= = = 0.29
0.625
Other calculated values for all sets were tabulated on Table B.2..
Extrapolation of line to zero concentration to find the limiting viscosity number
( )
[] = lim = lim ( ) = lim
0 0 0
Intrinsic Viscosity:
From Figure B.2 by using equation of the curve;
[] = 8.90
Calculation of Molecular Weight:
[] =
a =0.963 K =1.228x10-4 at 25C (Vauchel, P.; et al, 2008)
ln(8.90) ln(1.228 104 )
= exp [ ] = 111410.975
0.963
13
C. Diffusion Coefficient
Calculation of the amount of H+ diffused into water for each time interval (mt)
= log[ + ]
= 5.2 = 0
[ + ] = 105,2 = 6.31106
Other [H+] values are tabulated in results part.
= + =0
= 1.272106 1.272106 = 0
3.038106
= = 0.180 = 2
1.68105
14
D. Rotation angle
100 5.5
= = = 0.0402 100 = 4.02 100
[] 136.8
Calculation for sample solution (by using average value for sets):
6.83
= 100 = 5 100
136.8
Specific Gravity:
=
2
10001
5 100 1 3 3
= 10 = 0.05
1000 13
1000 3 6 3
1 10
( ) ( ) (66.5 63.15)
% = 100 = 100 = 5.04%
( ) 66.5
15