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Abstract

The purpose of the Mattel Detector with Counter Using Metal Detector project is to
demonstrate the use of a metal detector to detect any metal devices used by an intruder right
before he has a chance to open the door or window. This will solve the problem with
conventional sensors or detectors where the alarm only activates once the intruder has broken
an entrance. To realize this project, extensive research and studies have been done on metal
detector technology, 555 IC and the theory of Nicolai Tesla coil and also alarm circuit. A
Beat-Frequency Oscillator (BFO) type metal detector has been chosen for this project
because by far, the circuit produces the characteristics and metal detection range that is
required. To assure that
The metal detector circuit functions accurately, certain calibration and tuning has also been
done on the circuit. Meanwhile the usage of Microchip PIC 16F628 microcontroller assure
that the alarm system have the capabilities to operate efficiently. The capabilities of the home
alarm system is not only limited in detecting an intrusion attempt but also capable to perform
certain features like set/resetting the alarm for a certain period of time, display the alarm
status via LED, The alarm system alerting apparatus consist of siren, strobe light and buzzer.
This thesis report provides an introductory background on the Metal Detector technology and
an introduction on the thesis objective and the products available in the market. It further
elaborates the design and implementation of the product. It reports the result of the product
evaluation and makes recommendation for improvement. Finally, it concludes the thesis.

By SHANJEDUL HASSAN
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Introduction

Our project of metal detector is a security base project to use in every ware. Home, Office,
Shopping Mall and other place can use our technology. We mostly look at the detection and
the safety of places. Our project work like other security system but we do a reverse
engineering on it. As like every metal detector work the condition as, when the detector
didnt find any metal in the way then the get will open. But we do reverse design what is, the
door all ways be open and when the detector detect any metal then the door will be close and
give signal. By this way no innocent person will be herbage and the victim will get cot. It can
update by many way as like taking picture wen detected and other way.

Detection and clearance are still being very often carried out in Humanitarian Demining
using manual methods as the primary procedure. When operating in this way the detection
phase still relies heavily on metal detectors, whereby each alarm needs to be carefully
checked until it has been fully understood and/or its source removed. This is normally done
visually, and by prodding and/or excavating the ground. Metal detectors are still to the best of
our knowledge, apart from dogs, the only detectors really being used in the field, and are
probably going to remain in use for some time. Metal detectors cannot unfortunately
differentiate a mine or UXO (Unexploded Ordnance) from metallic debris. In most
battlefields, but not only there, the soil is contaminated by large quantities of shrapnel, metal
scraps, cartridge cases, etc., leading to between 100 and 1,000 false alarms for each real
mine. Each alarm means a waste of time and induces a loss of concentration. Note that when
manual methods follow other procedures, such as mechanical clearance, constraints on the
need to check each alarm are often somewhat relaxed. When looking at the actors dealing
with metal detectors we are confronted on the one hand with a relatively small market in
which mostly SMEs operate, on the other with a scientific community which is not always
aware of the practical problems linked to the actual production of equipment and its operation
under field conditions (e.g. the importance of ground signals). Manufacturers do not tend to
participate to scientific conferences and workshops, and rely mostly on patents, of which the
scientific community is not always aware, to protect their intellectual property.

To increase cross-fertilization opportunities interesting patents in fields other than

humanitarian demining (e.g. security applications or Non-Destructive Testing) have also been
integrated whenever possible and appropriate.

By SHANJEDUL HASSAN
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By SHANJEDUL HASSAN
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General Patent Information and Structure:

A patent is a form of personal property that provides the owner with the exclusive right to
make, use or sell the invention described in the claims of the patent, and is valid for a period
of 20 years from the date of filing. Patents and published patent applications are public
documents and not protected by copyright. Patents can be very helpful as starting point for a
new invention or a further development; this is particularly true when there is otherwise a
lack of information, as in the case of metal detectors. The technical know-how is often
explained in detail including diagrams, flowcharts and other useful graphical information; the
description of the state of the art of the technology is also often quite useful. On the other
hand patents are not scientific publications as commonly found in research papers for
example; the reader has therefore to read quite often between the lines and cope with the
typical jargon used in these documents. The form of a patent looks similar in all states. The
important parts like author names, dates, abstracts, etc. can easily be found in all kind of
patents. Most of the patents listed in this report are of US origin and therefore we will focus
on these to briefly describe their different parts.
Categorization after the Importance

Furthermore the patents are divided in three categories according to their importance. Those
that seem to represent the most important ones are marked bold with a star in front of the
patent number. We call these patents Reference Patents. In this first category fall the patents
with an absolutely new invention in the given field. The second category the Important
Patents is also marked bold. These are also interesting patents because they include good
explanatory text or illustrative drawings, etc. The third category includes all the other patents
we found on a given topic and is not highlighted. The patents in the first and second category,
i.e. the most important ones, are summarized so as to help the reader focus on their new
and/or most important parts.

By SHANJEDUL HASSAN
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Schematic view of the patent classes and subclasses used in this work

By SHANJEDUL HASSAN
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TECHNOLOGY BASICS

Figure 1 shows a simplified diagram of the basic pulsed-EMI technique. A current loop
transmitter is placed near the metal
object, and a steady current flows in
the transmitter for a sufficiently long
time to allow turn-on transients in the
object to dissipate. The loop current
is then turned off. According to
Faradays law, the collapsing
magnetic field induces an
electromotive force in the metal
object. This force causes eddy
currents to flow in the metal. Because
there is no energy to sustain the eddy
currents, they begin to decrease with
a characteristic decay time that
depends on the size, shape, and electrical and magnetic properties of the metal. The decay
currents generate a secondary magnetic field, and the time rate-of-change of the fi eld is
detected by a receiver coil located at the sensor. If a conductive object is shown to have a
unique time-decay response, a signature library of conductive objects can be developed.
When a concealed metal object is encountered, its time-decay signature can be compared to
those in the library and, if a match is found, the object can potentially be classified.
Classification allows discrimination between potential threat and no nthreat objects.

By SHANJEDUL HASSAN
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Circuit Diagram

By SHANJEDUL HASSAN
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HOW METAL DETECTORS WORK

By SHANJEDUL HASSAN
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Illustration 'A' shows a typical metal detector user. He has followed the instructions supplied
by the manufacturer and has his metal detector turned on. After testing his detector on some
surface targets (coins) to make sure it is working, he now starts searching for buried coins
and treasures.

Notice the "red" signal pattern being transmitted from the search coil into the ground. (Note:
we have enlarged the illustration of the signal pattern for easier understanding). As long as
the signal entering the ground does NOT come in contact with metal, there will be no audio
signal, no flashing light, no vibration, nothing will happen.
Illustration 'B' shows what happens when the detector user's metal detector search pattern
comes in contact with metal objects, in this case both shallow and deep coins. When the
search pattern touches metal it interrupts the transmitted signal and this interruption or
disturbance of the search pattern will cause the metal detector to alert the detector user (you)
with an audio signal, usually a distinct loud sound. In some cases flashing or blinking lights
will accompany the audio signal.

More Complete Explanation of How Metal Detectors Work

How Metal Detectors Work Reprinted with permission from Modern Metal Detectors

It is not necessary to understand the scientific principles of metal detection to use a detector.
You can find coins, rings, jewelry, gold nuggets, caches or whatever you are searching for
without knowing how your detector works. For better comprehension of that your detector is
doing, howeverto recognize why it just made that peculiar soundto understand why it
reacts the way it does to metals and mineralsit is necessary to learn how to a metal detector
works. Two examples illustrate this need. First, lets say you are scanning in the field and get
a detector signal. You dig down a foot and find nothing. You enlarge the hole and dig another
foot and still dont find anything. You might keep on digging to five or six feet before finally
giving up. Yet, your signal persisted throughout all this digging! What went wrong? Was it
your fault, or that of your detector? Was a target there? Well, yes there was a target though it
may not necessarily have been a metal one. The response could have been due to some
variation in mineral content. For the second example, lets say you are researching for a small
kettle made of iron that is filled with gold coins.

By SHANJEDUL HASSAN