KU1267

Menggambar Teknik

Teori Proyeksi

Fakultas Teknologi Industri

Institut Teknologi Bandung
@2013

Hasil Pembelajaran

Umum
Memberikan keterampilan menggunakan gambar
teknik (2D dan 3D) sebagai media komunikasi standar
dalam rekayasa teknik

Khusus
Memahami teori proyeksi serta mampu memilih dan
merepresentasikan pandangan
Memahami teknik-teknik setsa serta mampu
melakukan perancangan sketsa bebas (freehand)

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Metoda Proyeksi

Metoda Proyeksi

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Metoda Proyeksi

Metoda Proyeksi

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 Metoda Proyeksi

Changing Viewpoint
Changing the position of the object relative to the line of sight creates
different views of the same object

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 Perspective Projection
Radiating lines of sight
produce a perspective
projection

Parallel Projection
Parallel lines of sight
produce a parallel
projection

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 Parallel Projection

Parallel projection techniques can be used to

create multiview or pictorial drawings

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Orthographic Projection
Orthographic projection is used to create this front multiview drawing by
projecting details onto a projection plane that is parallel to the view of the
object selected as the front

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 Multiview Drawing of an Object
For this object three views are created:
front, top and right side. The views are
aligned so that common dimensions
are shared between views

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Six Principal Views

Each view is
perpendicular to and
aligned with the
adjacent views

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 Unfolding the Box

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Three Space Dimensions

The three space dimensions
are width, height and depth.
A single view on a multiview
drawing will only reveal two
of the three space
dimensions. The 3D CAD
system use X, Y and Z to
represent the three
dimensions

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 Alternative View Arrangement
In this view arrangement,
the top view is considered
the central view

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Standard Arrangement: US Standard

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 Standard Arrangement: ISO Standard

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The Alphabet of Lines

The alphabet of line is a set of ASME standard linetypes used on technical
drawing

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 The Alphabet of Lines

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Natural Position
Always attempt to
draw objects in their
natural position

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 Minimum Number of Views
Select the minimum number of views needed to completely describe an
object. Eliminate views that are mirror of other views

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Most Descriptive Views

Select those views
which are the most
descriptive and have
the fewest hidden
lines. In this example,
the right side view has
fewer hidden lines
than the left side view

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 Multiview Drawing of Solid Primitive
Shapes

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Tangent Partial Cylinder

No line is drawn at the place
where the partial cylinder
becomes tangent to another
feature, such as the vertical
face of the side

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 Nontangent Partial Cylinder
When transition of a rounded
end to another feature is not
tangent, a line is used at the
point of intersection

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Representation of Machine Holes

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Representation of Machine Holes

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Representation of Machine Holes

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 Representing Fillet and Rounded Corners
Lines are added to parts with fillets and rounds, for clarity.

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Internal and External Chamfers

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 Runouts
Runouts are used
to represent
corners with
fillets that
intersect
cylinders

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A Partial View: Symmetrical Object

The partial view is created along a center line or

a break line

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 Revolution Convention

Used to simplify the representation of ribs and

webs

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Sketsa

Metoda untuk mengkomunikasikan ide desain

secara cepat
Dokumentasi tahap awal dalam fase perancangan
Visualisasi bentuk suatu benda yang diimajinasikan
Digunakan oleh berbagai pihak: eksekutif, engineers,
teknisi, non-teknisi

Keterampilan mensketsa wajib dimiliki oleh

setiap engineers

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 Teknik Sketsa
3 metoda dalam membuat gambar teknik

Freehand drawing = sketsa

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Teknik Sketsa
Freehand drawing dikelompokan berdasarkan tingkat:
Kerincian
Struktur
Kendala

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 Contoh Sketsa

Pictorial sketch

Multiview sketch

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Alat Bantu Sketsa Bebas (Freehand)

(A) square grid
(B) isometric grid
(C) perspective grid

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 Garis Lurus

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Sketsa Proporsional
Untuk membuat
sketsa secara
proporsional,
diperlukan
beberapa tahapan
dan garis bantu

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 Sketsa Monitor Komputer

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4-
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Klasifikasi
Sketsa

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 Sketsa Isometrik
Sketsa yang
mengilustrasikan
ketiga dimensi
benda dalam satu
gambar dengan
menggunakan
proyeksi paralel

Panjang dan lebar

benda kerja
digambarkan 30
dari garis horizontal

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Langkah-
langkah
menyusun
Sketsa
Isometrik

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Representasi Isometrik Untuk
Lingkaran

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Sketsa Multiview

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Six Principles
Views

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Jenis-jenis Garis

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Konvensi
Pembuatan
Garis
Hidden

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Hirarki Garis

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Hirarki Garis

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Aplikasi Center
Line

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 Konvensi Center Line

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Tugas 1

Lihat board
http://forum.ti.itb.ac.id

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