Introduction

Sleep plays a very important role in a human beings health.

Sleep loss not only makes people feel sleepy in the daytime, it
is even a possible risk factor for Alzheimers disease.
Researchers have investigated the relationship between sleep
deprivation (a term meaning loss of sleep) and two variables,
task performance and individual productivity. Additionally,
sleep deprivation has been negatively related to academic
performance. One study showed that sleep-deprived students
performed worse on attention, memory, and problem-solving
tasks and this adversely affected their academic performance

1. Objectives:
General objective:
This research aims study the relationship between the lack of
sleep and the academic performance.
Specific Objectives:
The specific objectives of our study are:
1) What is your gender?
2) What is your GPA?
3) When do you go to bed?
4) How many hours of sleep do you obtain at night?
5) Do you go to bed later than usual the night before
examinations?
6) Do you wake up earlier than usual the morning before
examinations?
8) When do you get up at morning?
9) What other factors that determine your sleep?
2. Methodology:
Target population
In our study, the target population is the entire science students
at SQU
Sampling frame
Our frame is the list of all science students at SQU.
Sampling design
We used in our study simple random sample, because the target
population is large. We do an electronic questionnaire to save
time and easy to collect.
The sample
The initial sample size that we decided to use is 30 science
students because we used electronic questionnaire we get 37
respondents which are more than our expectation.
The target and auxiliary variables:
Lack of sleep is our target variable while gender, GPA, the
hours of sleep at night, academic performance and age our
auxiliary variables.

3. Data collecting
Method of data collection:
In this survey, we use the mode of electronic questionnaire.
Problems with data collection:
Some respondents did not answer all questions.
No time to collect more data.
Cannot control selection process.
Missing values:
We found some questions not filled by some respondents. We
deal with these unfilled questions as missing values.

Data Coding and Data Entry:

We transformed our questionnaire data into another format to
use it in computer programs; we use SPSS and Google Frame
4. Questionnaire
Questionnaire Design:
A questionnaire provides a tool for collecting information which
we can tabulate and discuss. It serves as the major source of
information. Writing questions and constructing a questionnaire
take time and attention. Before writing any questionnaire, it is
important to concern about some criteria:
1. Decide the type of information which we need to know from
the respondents in order to meet the survey's objectives.
2. Choose the methods for reaching our target respondents.
3. Choose the content of questions.
4. Order and format the questions in a meaningful pattern.
5. Pre-test the questionnaire.
6. Develop the final survey form.
Our questionnaire contains 17 questions which take one week
to be completed and checked. To see the questionnaire, see
Appendix.
5. Data Editing:
After collecting data, some errors were found due to non-
respondents. We corrected this error by remove it and continue
the analysis

6. Analysis:
Analysis of the objectives:
Figure 1: The histogram shows the rate of each gender
participates in this survey. It is clear that the rate of male
participating is 27% while the female rate is 73%.

Figure 2: The following pie chart shows that the rate of their
age who participates in this survey is about 94.6% which
between 19 and 25

Figure 3: The following pie chart shows the highest percentage

of the students is from STAT ( 44% ) and BIOLOGY ( 24%
)
Figure 4: The following pie chart shows that highest number of
the students in the sample is from cohort 2011 about ( 35.3% )
and then from cohort 2012 about ( 23.5% ) and less number
students are form cohort 2015 ( 2.9% )

Figure 5: The following pie chart shows that the highest

cumulative GPA among the students was "3-2.5 " ( 44.4% ) and
the lowest cumulative GPA is less than 2.00 ( 2.8% ).
Figure 6: The following figure shows that most students went to
their bed at "12.00-1.00 am" about (40.5%) and the lowest of
them at "10:00-11.00pm" about (2.7%) and the others they don't
know about (2.7%)

Figure 7: The following pie chart shows that about (29.7%) of

students sleep 5 hours at night and the less hours they obtain of
sleeping from (2 and 3 hours) about (2.7%)
Figure 8: The following pie chart shows the most of students
sleep well for about (74.3%) and the rest said NO about (25.7%)

Figure 9: The following pie chart shows that most of them said
that occasionally go to bed later than usual the night before
examinations about (45.9%) and some of them said every time
they do that about (24.3%) and the rest said never about (29.7%)
Figure 10: The following pie chart shows that most of them
said that every time wake up earlier than usual the morning
before examinations about (48.6 %) and some of them said
occasionally they do that about (40.5%) and the rest said never
about (10.8%)

Figure 11: The following pie chart shows that most of them
said that they get up at morning at 12:00-1:00am about (73%)
and some of them at 8:00-9:00about (16.2%) and the rest
about (2.7%)
Figure 12: The following pie chart shows that most of them
obtain 5 hours of sleeps before the night examinations about
(29.7%) and the less obtain 2 hours about (2.7%)

Figure 13: The following pie chart shows other factors that
determine their sleep and most of them said Lack of time
management skills and Up late studying/doing homework
about (25.7%) and the less of them said I dont know about
(11.4%)
Figure 14: The following pie chart shows that most of them
said YES for this statement about (82.9%0 and NO about
(17.1%)

Figure 15: The following pie chart shows that most of

them said YES for this statement about (82.4 %) and NO about
(17.6 %)
Figure 16: The following pie chart shows that most of them
said TRUE for this statement about (38.9%) and FALSE about
(61.1%)

Figure 17: The following pie chart shows that most of them
said YES for this statement about (82.9%) and NO about
(17.1%)
Descriptive analysis of (GPA, many hours of
sleep do you obtain at night):

Descriptive Statistics

N Sum Mean Std. Deviation Variance

GPA 35 103.00 2.9429 .96841 .938

How many hours of sleep
37 197 5.32 1.811 3.281
do you obtain at night?
Valid N (listwise) 35

How many hours of sleep do you obtain at night?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

I don't know 2 5.3 5.4 5.4

2 1 2.6 2.7 8.1

3 1 2.6 2.7 10.8

4 3 7.9 8.1 18.9

Valid 5 11 28.9 29.7 48.6

6 10 26.3 27.0 75.7

7 7 18.4 18.9 94.6

8 2 5.3 5.4 100.0

Total 37 97.4 100.0

Missing System 1 2.6
Total 38 100.0
 GPA

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

2.34-2.67 1 2.6 2.9 2.9

4.00-3.5 1 2.6 2.9 5.7

2.5-2 7 18.4 20.0 25.7

Valid 3-2.5 17 44.7 48.6 74.3

3.5-3 8 21.1 22.9 97.1

<2 1 2.6 2.9 100.0

Total 35 92.1 100.0

Missing System 3 7.9
Total 38 100.0

ANOVAa

Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Regression .002 1 .002 .002 .968b

1 Residual 31.884 33 .966

Total 31.886 34

a. Dependent Variable: GPA

b. Predictors: (Constant), How many hours of sleep do you obtain at night?
Testing the hypothesis:

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 52.161a 35 .031

Likelihood Ratio 29.518 35 .730
Linear-by-Linear
.002 1 .967
Association
N of Valid Cases 35

a. 48 cells (100.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum

expected count is .03.

From the above analysis, we want to identify if there is

association between hours of sleep obtain at night and the GPA
by testing the following hypothesis:

H0: hours of sleep obtain at night and GPA are independent.

H1: There is association between sleep and GPA.

Since P-value = 0.031 < 0.05

We reject H0, which means that there is association between

the Lack of sleep and GPA at SQU student.
Discussion
Here we summarize the finding from the descriptive and the
statistical analysis and it is clearly that:

-The most common reason of the effect on performance

academic among SQU students is Lack of time management
skills and Up late studying/doing homework
- The rate of respondents for female (73%) is Higher than male
(27%).
- The most age of respondents is between 19-25 with rate
(94.6%)
- The most major of respondents is stat with rate (44%)
- The most cohort of respondents is cohort of 2011 with rate
(35.3%)
- The most frequent GPA is between 2.5-3.00 with rate (35.3%)
.
- The most students went to their bed at "12.00-1.00 am" with
rate (40.5%) and the lowest of them at "10:00-11.00pm" with
(2.7%)
- About (29.7%) of students sleep 5 hours at night. That mean
they did not get enough sleep.
Appendix:
Our Questionnaire:

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STUDY OF SLEEP EFFECTS ON

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS
Sleep, a very important activity of a human being. Without sleep, a
University level student cannot function & ,concentrate on his/her daily
study. This is a Study on the lack of sleep habit & ,the effects it has on
the study. Below, is a questionnaire, which will help us to analyses this
study. So we hope for your cooperation in resolving this questionnaire

Question Question Answer

No.

1 What is your gender? o Male

o Female

2 What is your age o under 18

o 19-25
o above 25

3 Major o stat
o Math
o Biology
o Geology
o Computer science
o Chemistry
o Physics
o Biotechnology

4 Cohort o 2008 or before

o 2009
o 2010
o 2011
o 2012
o 2013
o 2014
 o 2014

5 What is your GPA? o 4.00-3.5

o 3.5-3.00
o 3.00-2.5
o 2.5-2.00
o <2

6 When do you go to bed? o Before 8:00pm

o 8:00-9:00pm
o 9:00-10:00pm
o 10:00-11:00pm
o 11:00pm-12:00am
o 12:00-1:00am
o 1:00-2:00am
o After 2:00am
o I don't know

7 How many hours of o 1>

sleep do you obtain at o 1
night o 2
o 3
o 4
o 5
o 6
o 7
o 8
o 9
o 10<
o I don't know
8 Do you think that you o Yes
sleep well? o No

9 Do you go to bed later o Never or almost never

than usual the night o Every time
before examinations o Occasionally

10 Do you wake up earlier o Never or almost never

than usual the morning o Occasionally
before examinations o Every time

11 When do you get up at o Before 8:00am

morning o 8:00-9:00am
o 9:00-10:00am
o 10:00-11:00am
o 11:00am-12:00pm
o 12:00-1:00pm
o 1:00-2:00pm
o After 2:00pm
o I don't know

12 During the night before o 1>

examinations how many
o 1
hours of sleep do you
obtain o 2

o 3

o 4

o 5

o 6

o 7

o 8
 o 9

o 10<

13 what other factors that o Not tired at night

determine your sleep o Up late studying/doing homework
o out with friends
o Involvement in extra activities(squ
club,job,team sports,etc(
o Lack of time management skills
o I don't know

14 Do you experience o Yes

negative o No
mood/behavioral
changes when you have
had consecutive days of
insufficient sleep?

15 Do you feel that o Yes

academic performance is o No
affected due to
insufficient sleep?

16 I wake up several times o TRUE

in the middle of the o FALSE
night, on an average
night

17 I feel that I dont get o TRUE

enough sleep, on an o FALSE
average night
 Abstract
In this study we search to find the relationship between the effect of
sleep on academic performance and the GPA

We use cross table, frequencies and chi-square test to analyses the data
and find the result which we search for and we conclude that theres
association between the the effect of sleep on academic performance
and the GPA and A majority of student obtain less than the
recommended 7 hours of sleep each night, with particularly insufficient
sleep duration on nights prior to examinations. Higher GPAs are
associated with longer duration of sleep on nights prior to examinations.
 Sultan Qaboos University
College Of Science
Department Of Mathematics and Statistics
Survey Design

STUDY OF SLEEP EFFECTS ON

OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
STUDENTS

Done by:
Alkhansa Abdullah Albahri

Balqis Saif Al-kalbani

Khuload ahmed AL-kalbani

Course Instructor:
Dr. Charles Bakheit