1. Dissolve 1 gram of salicylic acid in 49 grams of water.

This is approximately 2% salicylic acid

OBSERVATION AND RESULTS

SEPARATION OF WATER – SOLUBLE DYES

:
SOLIDS OBSERVATIONS

Methyl orange The mixture of methyl orange solution and petroleum ether formed two layers of liquids,
showing that methyl orange is immiscible with petroleum ether. The color of the
solution stayed on the less dense liquid which means that the methyl orange is miscible
with water.
Methyl red Petroleum ether added in the methyl red solution formed two layers of liquids. It is
observed that the color of the solution can be seen in the denser liquid but some of the
color stayed on the very top of the denser layer implying that methyl red is slightly
soluble in petroleum ether. Since two layers are present in the mixture therefore methyl
red is immiscible in water.

Would you recommend petroleum ether extractions as a means of separating a mixture of the two dyes?
Explain.
Petroleum ether would be a good solvent extraction since it is only miscible in nonpolar liquids.

SALTING – OUT EFFECT

Describe the result observed when salt was added to the mixture of crystal violet, water, and n-amyl
alcohol.

Sample Color of Aqueous Layer Solubility of Methyl Red in water

Methyl red solution + n-amyl alcohol Reddish Pink Insoluble
Methyl red solution + n-amyl alcohol Reddish Pink Insoluble
+ salt

DETERMINATION OF DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENT

Salicylic Acid Volume of Mass of Mass of % of original % of original Distribution

NaOH salicylic salicylic salicylic acid salicylic acid Coefficient
required for acid in water acid in in water layer in Petroleum
titration (ml) layer Petroleum ether layer
(grams) ether layer
(grams)
Original 2% 2 0 100% 0 -
solution
Extracted Once
Extracted twice

CALCULATION FOR DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENT:

FIRST EXTRACTION:
SECOND EXTRACTION:

QUESTIONS:

1. Create a schematic diagram of the experiment for the extraction of 2% salicylic acid using hexane.
2. Give the advantages and disadvantages of using hexane as extracting solvent compared to petroleum
ether and an alcohol.
3. How would you safely release the pressure built – up when hexane and water or ether and water are
shaken in a closed separatory funnel?
4. Calculate a theoretical distribution coefficient of salicylic acid based on the solubility of salicylic acid
in water and in hexane if available. Compare to the experimentally calculated value.
5. A 100-ml sample containing 20 grams of X compound in water was extracted one time with hexane.
From the hexane layer, there was obtained 10 grams of the solute. Assume a value of 5 for K and
calculate the volume of hexane used. Show your calculations.
6. From problem no. 5, compute for the mass of X compound totally extracted if extracted twice by a
volume half of the calculated volume in no. 5.