LECTURE II

Pengantar Teknik Material Metalurgi

Dosen : Ir. Muchtar Karokaro, M.Sc.

Chepter I
HISTORY OF ENGINEERING

Engineering in early civilizations :

Mesopotamians (Iran/Timur Tengah)
Egyptions (Mesir)
Greeks (Yunani)
Romans (Roma/Italia)

Engineering in Middle Ages

1300 1750
Leonardo da Vinci (1452 1519)
Nicolas Copernicus (1473 1543)
- Bumi berputar
Galileo (1564 1642)
Robert Boyle (1627 1691)
Sir Isaac Newton (1642 1727)
Thomas Newcomen (1663 1729)

ADVANCEMENTS IN ENGINEERING
AD 1750 1900
James Watts Mattew Boulton (1760 1800)
- Steam Engine in mine & textile
- Smelting of iron ore
Pembangunan Canal (Terusan)
- Eric Canal (New York) (1817 1825)
- Ohio Canal (Cleveland Pennsy Ivania) (1825 1850)
- Chesapeake (Mary Land) (1826 1850)
Alessandra Volta (1827)
Sir Humphrey Davy (1830)
Michail Faraday (1831)
Thomas A. Edison (1880)
Edison Pearl Street (1882)
- Generator
Nikola Telsa (1888)
- Motor Listrik
George Westinghouse (1888)
- Generator Niagara fall

Asosiasi :
ASCE (Civil) (1852)
AI MMPE (Mining, Metallurgy & Petroleum) (1871)
ASME (Mechanical) (1884)
AICE (Chemical) (1908)
 Engineering XX Century
Wright brothers (1903)
- Pesawat
Panama Canal (1914)
Suez Canal
Empire State Building New York (1931)
George Washington Bridge (3500 ft) (New York City) (1931)
The Sears Tower, Chicago (1450 ft) (1974)
Computer ( >1970 )

TUGAS 1 : ARTIKEL
Tentang : Engineering / Tokoh / Penemuan / DLL.

Chepter II
HISTORY OF INGINEERING

2.1 Engineering :

ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Techonology)

Engineering : The profesion in which a knowledge of Mathematical and Natural Science gained by
study, experience, and practice is applied with judgement to develop ways to
utilize, economically, the materials and force of Nature for benefit of mankind

Kesamaan
Scientist : Mathematical
& Natural Science
Engineering : Mathematical
& Natural Science
Perbedaan
*mencari ilmu yang baru
-> seeks to know
*aplikasi untuk design, develop
usable devices, structure and proses
-> aims to do

2.2 Engineering Support Personal

Team : -> Enginner

-> Technologist
-> Technician
-> Craftsman

Engineers (S1)
Conceptual design
Research
Project planning
Product innovation
System development
Supervision of technologist, technicians, craftman
 Technologist (D3)
Routine product development
Construction supervision
Technical sales
Hardware design & development
Coordination of force, materials and equipments
Supervision of technician and craftman
Technician (STM/SMK)
Drafting
Estimating
Field inspections
Data collection
Surveying
Technical writing
Craftman (Tukang)
Use hand and power tools to service, maintain, operate machine or products useful to
engineering team.

LECTURE III
Pengantar Teknik Material Metalurgi
Dosen : Ir. Muchtar Karokaro, M.Sc.

ENGINEERING FIELDS OF SPECIALIZATION

1. Electrical Engineering
Power generation & transmission
Electronics
Computers
Communications systems
Instrumentations & measurement
Automatic controls
2. Mechanical Engineering
Energy coneversions
Design
Manufacturing/production
Metallurgy
3. Civil Engineering
Design & construction
Transportation eng.
Measure & map eartss surface (Geodesi/Geomatika)
System for water supply, sewage and refuse disposal (Tek. Lingkungan)
4. Chemical Engineering
Heat transfer process
Mass transfer process
Unit operation
Unit proses
 5. Industrial Engineering
Plant lay out
Productivity
Quality control
Control costs
6. Agricultural Engineering
Design and improve agricultural equipments
Mechanical system for handling, processing and food products
Design for storage and touring
Develop method for irrigation, orainage, erosion and water management
7. Material Engineering
Metallurgy Eng.
Mining Eng.
Petroleum Eng.
Plastics Eng.
Ceramic Eng.

2.2A Employed Engineers by field, 1984

1. electhemicalrical Eng. 500 . 700
2. Mech. Eng 445 . 600
3. Civil Eng. 312 . 700
4. Material Eng. 115 . 600
5. Chemical Eng. 140 . 000
6. Industrial Eng. 131 . 700
7. others 463 . 000

Function Of Engineering
1. Research
2. Development
3. Design
4. Production
5. Construction
6. Operations
7. Sales
8. Management

Career Paths For Engineers

1. Coporate ladder
2. Independent entrepreneur
3. Military
4. Engineering & social service abroad
5. Professor engineer
6. Graduate work outside of eng.
7. A mix of those
 CODE ETIKA ENGINEERS
ABET

Aturan dasar/fundamental Canons

1. Harus menggunakan keselamatan & kesejahteraan masyarakat
2. Hanya melakukan sesuai kompetensi
3. Mengeluarkan penyataan perihal yang benar
4. Bersikap professional & menghindari conflict of interest
5. Membina reputasi & berkompetisi dengan jujur
6. Menjaga kehormatan, integritas dan tuntutan profesi
7. Pengembangan profesi dan karier serta pengembangan kahlian

CASE STUDIES IN ENGINEERING ETHICS

Case 1 KICKBACK TO PUBLIC OFFICIALS

At the urgins of the Mayor, the City Council approved the concept of building another runway and
expanding the terminal building at Municipal Airport. Hearing of the proposed work, the principals
of Warren and Assocates, a locl engineering firm, submitted to the Mayor a letter of interest in
furnishing engineering service. The following week, the President of the firm received a telephone
call from the Mayors Executive Assistant, and arrangement were made for a meeting at City Hall. At
that meeting, attended by the President of the firm and the Airport Engineer, the Assistant informed
the engineers that in order to obtain work from the city a contribution would be required, and the
amount of the contribution was specified. The engineers thanked the Assistant for his time, and
departed. The following day, after consulting with her partners, the President of the firm withdrew
from the project. Six week later, the Mayors Public Information Director issued a press release
announcing an agreement with Transport Engineers, Inc., a firm from another state, to provide
engineering services.

Discussion. Many situation that engineers deal with are complex, and it is not always obvious that an
act is ethical or unethical. This case, however, involves a clear-cut and unequivocable application of
Cannons 5 and 6 of the Code of Ethics. Had the engineer made the political contribution in order to
secure engineering work, it would have cleary been unethical and almost certainly illegal.
Unfortunately, the event described here are more common than professional engineers
would like to believe. Professional sociaties should adopt a militant attitude toward kickbacks and
bribes to public officials and publicly condemn any known instances of such practice. No reputable
engineer should accept work under such conditions.

Case 2 PLANS SIGNED BY OUTSIDE ENGINEER

Case 3 ADVERTISING OF ENGINNERING SERVICES

Case 4 FAILURE TO GIVE CREDIT TO OTHERS

Two researchers, M. Smith and F. Jones, are working independently on problem. After a great deal
of laboratory work, Reasearcher Smith writes a report explaining his result. In his report, however,
he is unable to correlate his data into a simple pattern.
Researcher Jones approaches the problem from a more theoretical viewpoint and discovers
that Smiths data can be described by a well-known classical formula. She reports her findings to
Smith in an informal discussion.
 A few months later, Smith publishes a paper explaining all of his data through the use of the
formula suggested by Jones, but he fails to acknowledge the contribution. Should he have done so?
Was suggested, no acknowledgement was needed?

Discussion. ABETs Suggested Guidelines for Use with the Fundamental Canons of Ethics, paragraph
7e, states: Engineers shall give proper credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due,
and recognize the proprietary interest of others. Whenever possible, they shall name the person or
persons who may be responsible for design, invetions, writtings, and other accomplishments. In
failing to recognize Jones contribution, it appears that Researcher Smith violated this guideline.
Giving credit to a predecessor or one who makes a contribution never hurts and is advisable.
Doing so does not take anything away from the report, and it is a credit to the person reporting.
Professional engineers should be careful not to injure the professional reputation, prospects,
practice, or employment of another engineer and should treat other engineers with honor and
respect.

Case 5 RECTIFICATION OF AN ERROR

Case 6 STICKING TO A GRADUATES COMMITMENT