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Delhi Edition of The Hindu

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Mandal Commission
Mandal Commission and Aftermath :
1979 Morarji Desai Government Commission under the chairmanship of B P Mandal,
Member of Parliament Article 340 To investigate the conditions of the Socially and
Educationally backward classes Measures for advancement.
Commission recommended Reservation of 27% government jobs Other Backward
Classes (OBCs) total reservation for all (SCs, STs and OBCs) amounts to 50%.
1990 V P Singh Government declared reservation of 27% government jobs for the OBCs.
1991, Narasimha Rao Government introduced two changes:
(a) Preference to the poorer sections among the OBCs in the 27% quota, adoption of the
economic criteria in granting reservation, and
(b) Reservation of another 10% of jobs for poorer (economically backward) sections of higher
castes who are not covered by any existing schemes of reservation.

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Mandal case(1992), the scope and extent of Article 16(4) provides reservation of jobs in
favour of backward classes examined thoroughly by the Supreme Court.
Court rejected the additional reservation of 10% for poorer sections of higher castes
Upheld the constitutional validity of 27% reservation for the OBCs with conditions :

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Caste and class-> Sub-categorisation of OBC

Equality of Opportunity in Public Employment :
Article 16 Equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters of employment or appointment
to any office under the State.
No citizen can be discriminated against or be ineligible for any employment or office under
State on grounds of only religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth or residence.
===========================================================

Equally, the benefits of reservation have not been distributed equitably,

Large segments of the weaker sections and backward classes continue to have no access to
quality education or meaningful employment.
Relatively rich and dominant sections among the backward castes have tended to take up a
disproportionately larger share of the reservation pie.
Introduction of the concept of creamy layer
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Union Cabinets decision to set up a commission to examine the issue of sub-categorisation

of the Other Backward Classes -> Preventing large sections of the creamy layer from taking
advantage of the quota system.
Cabinet decided to raise the ceiling-> creamy layer to those earning 8 lakh annually, an
increase of 2 lakh
Vote-bank politics has a lot to do with the prioritising of caste-based categorisation over
income.
Political mobilisation on the basis of caste is far easier than on the basis of income,
BJP is clearly trying to splinter the vote banks of the Samajwadi Party and the Rashtriya
Janata Dal in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

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Citizen vs State- Endgame for Section 377?

Nine judges, the Supreme Court has ruled that privacy is a fundamental right that requires
constitutional protection.
Aadhaar based unique identity scheme that privacy is not a fundamental right.
Fact that all the judges unanimously came down on this argument shows how much
the government misunderstood the constitutional underpinnings of privacy as a value in
itself and as an ineluctable() facet() of human dignity.
Government argued that privacy is so amorphous() as to defy description, that it is
needless to call it a fundamental right
It has been given statutory protection in different forms.
What implications the ruling would have on state policy and citizens rights will be the core
issues in future.

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A welcome aspect of the judgment is that it makes it clear that sexual orientation is part of
privacy and constitutionally protected, and that the 2014 verdict upholding Section 377 of
the Indian Penal Code is flawed().
1)-This opens up the case for a much-needed reconsideration.
2)-As for Aadhaar, it is pertinent to note that the judges have referred to the restrictions and
limitations that privacy would be subject to.
Hopefully, this judgment will set many such concerns at rest and bring about a more
equitable relationship between citizen and state.

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Activists see ruling against triple talaq as empowering women among Indias Muslims.
Similarly, ruling that has closely followed it in time, namely the one upholding privacy
as a fundamental right of the citizen under the Constitution, is believed to have major
implications for the lives of Indians.
Potential to impact the Indian states regulation of sexual relations.
In particular, it has been suggested that the ruling has a bearing on the constitutional
validity of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) which criminalises acts against the
order of nature.

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It should be recognised that even though all religions drawing upon West Asian culture have
strictures against homosexuality.
Under Hitler homosexuals were to be exterminated( ) so that Germany would
be populated by the perfect race.
But we live in India and must perforce address its realities.
Why is the argument against Section 377 not to be based on the right to privacy but to be
premised instead on the idea of the right to equality before the law?
LGBT-> Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender
National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India->declared transgender people
to be a 'third gender', affirmed that the fundamental rights ->Will be equally applicable to
transgender people-> Gave them the right to self-identification of their gender as
male, female or third-gender.

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Prasar Bharati
Prasar Bharati is India's largest public broadcasting agency.
Parliament of India passed the Prasar Bharati Act to grant this
autonomy in 1990
1990, V.P. Singhs government passed a landmark Act
Comprises Doordarshan Television Network and All India
Radio, which were earlier media units of the Ministry of
Information and Broadcasting.

Shashi Sekhar Vembati is the current chairperson of Prasar

Bharati
Jawhar Sircar was the CEO till November,2016

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To read and write better

Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (Second Amendment) Bill of 2017
Aims to maintain the standard of elementary education along with the avowed objective of
providing compulsory education to children between the ages of six and 14.
New Bill introduced in the Lok Sabha proposes to substitute Section 16 in the Right of
Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act of 2009, which provides that no child
admitted in a school shall be held back in any class or expelled from school till the
completion of elementary education.
Bill provides for a regular examination to be conducted in the fifth and eighth classes at the
end of every academic year.
If a child fails in the examination, he or she shall be given additional instruction and
granted an opportunity for re-examination within the next two months.

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News Analysis
Page-1,10,11- Privacy is a fundamental right, declares SC

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Page-9-

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Page-11- On Doklam, Nepal walks a tightrope
PM Sher Bahadur Deuba says wont allow territory to be used against India

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Page-12- China slams India over road-building in Ladakh
Accuses New Delhi of double standards while stressing partnership with Pak.

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Page-13- Nandan Nilekani back at IT
rm he co-founded
Former CEO returns to Infosys board after 8-year gap; aims to restore calm following
Sikkas bitter exit

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Page-14- China agrees to tackle trade imbalance
Beijing does not want Doklam stando to hurt trade; to send team to New Delhi by December

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Page-14- Bright yellow 200 note hits market today
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) will start pumping
200 notes into the system from Friday in a bid to ease
cash transactions and make the currency system more
efficient.
The base colour of the 200 note will be bright
yellow, RBI said in a statement on Thursday.
This is the second new denomination to be issued,
after 2,000, since the demonetisation exercise in
November.
Standard practice to have 1, 2 and 5 series
notes like 1, 2, and 5. Hence, there was a gap
between 100 and 500.
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Last Day- Qs- Ans Be Happy, Share & Help Each Other!!!

William Butterworth Wayley -> Lord William Bentinck -> Charles Metcalfe Bt.
Before William Bentinck the post was called Governor General of Bangal.
William Bentinck called the first Governor General of India.

Mahatma Gandhi come back India 9th of January, 1915.

On this day every year celebrated NRI's ( Non Residential Indian ) Day from 2014.

Mandal Commission established by Janta Party Government, PM Morarji Desai-> 1979 to

identify " Socially and Educationally Backward Classes "

Creamy Layer in India - 100,000 rupees per annum in 1993, and revised to 2.5 lakh
(2004), then 4.5 lakh (2008), Rs 6 lakh (2013) and Rs 8 lakh (2017).

Panchayati Raj -> Article 40 in Directive Principle of States Policy ( DPSP ) - Part IV in 11th
Schedule by 73rd Constitution Ammendment Act, 1992.
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