2.

0 DESIGN OF FOUNDATION FOR 250HS4

2.1 MATERIALS

Grade of concrete = M30

Grade of steel = Fe 500

2.2 FOUNDATION DATA

The size of foundation is as shown in the enclosed sketch.

The directions of X & Y and the reference point is also shown in the sketch.
Vertical direction shall be considered as Z-axis and the reference point shall be the
bottom of foundation. Length in X & Y direction shall be the lengths in the
respective directions at the founding level. Depth of foundation shall be
corresponding to the bottom most rectangular block at founding level.

Length of foundation in X-direction (L) = 2.500 m

Length of foundation in Y-direction (B) = 0.750 m
Depth of foundation in Z-direction = 1.25 m

Base area of foundation (Af) = (LxB) = 1.9 m2

Distance between bottom of fdn. & axis of machine (H) = 2.22 m

2.3 SOIL PARAMETERS

The soil parameters "C'z" & "C't" are considered from the Soil Report. All other soil
parameters are calculated as shown below.
From the soil report,
SBC is given = 10.0T/sq m (Ref page 48 of BHEL soil report )
From 'Handbook of machine foundations' by P. Srinivasulu & C.V. Vaidyanathan
Refer Table No.3.3, Page no.42)
For WEAK soil
Permissible bearing capacity between 1 to 2 kg/cm2, CZ = 2 kg/cm3
3
= 2000 T/m
2
Actual area of machine foundation, Af = 1.88 m
Coefficient of elastic non-uniform compression (Cq) = 2xCz = 4000.00 T/m3
Coefficient of elastic uniform shear (Ct) =0.5*Cz = = 1000.00 T/m3
Coefficient of elastic non-uniform shear (Cy) = 0.75xCz = 1500.00 T/m3
2.4 OPERATING SPEED
For Motor
The operating speed of the motor as given by the vendor is indicated below.
Operating speed of the motor = 1450 rpm 24.17 cycles/sec
Corresponding frequency = 151.844 radians/sec
0.8 * Operating speed of the machine = 1160 rpm
1.2 * Operating speed of the machine = 1740 rpm

2.5 CHECKING OF FREQUENCY & AMPLITUDES

The foundation is checked for Natural frequency and amplitudes. Frequency is

kept 20% away from the operating speed as recommended by the Vendor.
The amplitudes are kept within the limits as per IS:2974-(Part-IV)
 C.G OF FOUNDATION AND MACHINE

The Centre of Gravity (C.G) of foundation and machine is calculated with reference
to the reference point as mentioned earlier. The eccentricity of foundation is
calculated in X & Y directions to ensure that the eccentricity is less than
5% from the centroid of the base area in both the directions.

Axis of Equipment Axis of Equipment

Z
380kg 380kg 0.67m Z
380kg

0.3m

1.25m

Y
X
2.500m 0.75m

0.75 0.5 Y
0.5 0.75 0.19
0.185m
1 2 3
cl of machine
0.185m

9 10 11 0.19
X
2.50m

Part No. Lx Ly Lz W i Mass, mi Xi Yi Zi mi. Xi mi. Yi mi. zi

(m) (m) (m) (ton) ton-sec2/m (m) (m) (m) ton-sec2 ton-sec2 ton-sec2
Machine 1 - - - 0.380 0.039 0.190 0.500 1.550 0.007 0.019 0.060
load pt 2 0.380 0.039 0.190 1.250 1.550 0.007 0.048 0.060
3 0.380 0.039 0.190 2.000 1.550 0.007 0.077 0.060
4 0.380 0.039 0.560 0.500 1.550 0.022 0.019 0.060
5 - - - 0.380 0.039 0.560 1.250 1.550 0.022 0.048 0.060
6 0.380 0.039 0.560 2.000 1.550 0.022 0.077 0.060
7
8
9
10
11
12
Found 1 0.750 2.500 1.550 7.266 0.741 0.375 1.250 0.775 0.278 0.926 0.574
Block
Total 9.546 0.973 0.365 1.216 0.934

X = S miXi/ Smi = 0.375 m

Y = S miYi/ Smi = 1.250 m

Z = S miZi/ Smi = 0.960 m

 CALCULATION OF CG & MOMENT OF INERTIA OF BASE AREA

Base Area = 2.5* 0.75

= 1.875 m

CG of the base area

X1 = 0.75/ 2

= 0.4 m

Y1 = 2.5/ 2

= 1.250 m

Eccentricity in X-direction = 0.00 % < 5% Hence o.k

Eccentricity in Y-direction = 0.00 % < 5% Hence o.k

Moment of Inertia of base area

Ixx = x*y3/12
= (0.75* 2.5^ 3)/ 12
4
= 0.98 m

Iy = y*x3/12
= (2.5* 0.75^ 3)/ 12
4
= 0.09 m

Iz = Ixx + Iyy
= 0.98+0.09
4
= 1.06 m

Bearing Pressure
Bearing pressure = total weight /base area
= 9.546/1.875
= 5.09T/sq m
80% of SBC = 8.0T/sq m
< 80% of SBC, HENCE OK
2.8 MOMENT OF INERTIA & MASS MOMENT OF INERTIA

The Moment of Inertia & mass moment of inertia of the foundation and mass moment of
inertia of the machine is calculated as shown in the table below.

Part No. mi(Lxi2+Lzi2) mi(Lyi2+Lzi2) mi(Lxi2+Lyi2) Xoi=(X-xi) Yoi=(Y-yi) Zoi=(Z-zi) mi(Xoi2+Zoi2) mi(Yoi2+Zoi2) mi(Xoi2+Yoi2)
12 12 12 (m) (m) (m)
1 0.19 0.75 -0.59 0.015 0.022 0.023
2 0.19 0.00 -0.59 0.015 0.000 0.001
3 0.19 -0.75 -0.59 0.015 0.022 0.023
4 -0.19 0.75 -0.59 0.015 0.022 0.023
5 -0.19 0.00 -0.59 0.015 0.000 0.001
6 -0.19 -0.75 -0.59 0.015 0.022 0.023
7
8
9
10
11
12
1 0.18 0.53 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.025 0.000 0.000
Total 0.18 0.53 0.42 0.114 0.088 0.095
 Mass moment of iertia calculation

fx = e( mi(L 2 2
yi +Lzi )/12 + e(mi(Y 2 2
oi +Zoi )))

fx = 0.534+0.088
2
= 0.62 T.m.sec

fy = e( mi(L 2 2
xi +Lzi )/12 + e(mi(X 2 2
oi +Zoi )))

fy = 0.183+0.114
2
= 0.30 T.m.sec

fz = e( mi(L 2 2
xi +Lyi )/12 + e(mi(X 2 2
oi +Yoi )))

fz = 0.42+0.095
2
= 0.52 T.m.sec

fox = = fx + miZ2
= 0.622+ ( 0.973*0.96^2 )
2
= 1.52 T.m.sec

foy = = fy + miZ2
= 0.297+ ( 0.973*0.96^2 )
2
= 1.19 T.m.sec

a x = fx /fox
= 0.622/ 1.52
= 0.41

a y = fx /fox
= 0.297/ 1.19
= 0.25

2.9 NATURAL FREQUENCY CALCULATIONS

The Natural frequency is calculated in four directions viz. Vertical, XZ plane,

YZ plane & Torsional. The vertical frequency is checked for the limits to avoid
any resonance.

2.9.1 Vertical Frequency

wnz =
sqrt(Cz. Af/m)
= sqrt(2000*1.88/0.973)
-1
= 62.081 sec
The corresponding natural frequency is
For Motor
f = 593 rpm < 1160 rpm
< 1740 rpm
Hence o.k
2.9.2 Frequency in XZ plane

4
Moment of inertia about Y-axis = 0.09 m

fy = S mi (Lxi2+Lzi2) + S mi (Xoi2+Zoi2)

= 0.183+0.114 = 0.297 t.m.sec

2
FQY = fy + mz

= 0.297+0.973*0.96^2

= 1.194 t.m.sec

ay = fy/ Foy

= 0.297/1.194

= 0.249
 Limiting Frequencies

w2Qy = (CQ*Iy-WZ )/fqy

= (4000*0.09-9.546*0.96)/1.194

-2
= 286.766 sec

w2x = Ct. Af / m

= 1000*1.875/0.973

-2
= 1927.03 sec

Coupled Natural Frequencies

wn4 - (wqy2+wx2)*wn2+ wqy2*wx2 = 0

ay ay
Substituting the values and solving the roots wn1 & wn2

wn12 = (wqy2+wx2+sqrt((wqy2+wx2)2-4ay*wqy2*wx2)) / 2ay

= 286.766+1927.03+sqrt((286.766+1927.03)^2-4*0.249*286.766*1927.03)
/2*0.249
-2
= 8633.696 sec

wn22 = (wqy2+wx2-sqrt((wqy2+wx2)2-4ay*wqy2*wx2)) / 2ay

= 286.766+1927.03-sqrt((286.766+1927.03)^2-4*0.249*286.766*1927.03)
/2*0.249
-2
= 257.051 sec

wn1 = sqrt(8633.696)

-1
= 92.918 sec

wn2 = sqrt(257.051)

-1
= 16.033 sec
The corresponding natural frequencies are

f1 = 92.918*60/2*PI
887 rpm
f2 = 16.033*60/2*PI
153 rpm
The lower of the above two natural frequencies is 20 % away from the op. speed .

2.9.3 Frequency in YZ plane

4
Moment of inertia about X-axis = 0.977 m

fx = S mi (Lyi2+Lzi2) + S mi (Yoi2+Zoi2)
= 0.534+0.088 0.622
2
FQx = fx + mz
= 0.622+0.973*0.96^2
= 1.519

ax = fx/ FQx
= 0.622/1.519
= 0.409

Limiting Frequencies

w2Qx = (CQ*Ix-WZ )/fqx

= (4000*0.977-9.546*0.96)/1.519
-2
= 2565.56 sec

w2y = Ct. Af / m
= 1000*1.875/0.973
= 1927.03
Coupled Natural Frequencies

wn4 - (wqx2+wy2)*wn2+ wqx2*wy2 = 0

ax ax

Substituting the values and solving the roots wn1 & wn2

wn32 = (wqx2+wy2+sqrt((wqx2+wy2)2-4ax*wqx2*wy2)) / 2ax

= 2565.56+1927.03+sqrt((2565.56+1927.03)^2-4*0.409*2565.56*1927.03)
/2*0.409
-2
= 9743.759 sec
 wn42 = (wqx2+wy2-sqrt((wqx2+wy2)-4ax*wqx2*wy2)) / 2ax

= 2565.56+1927.03-sqrt((2565.56+1927.03)^2-4*0.409*2565.56*1927.03)
/2*0.409
-2
= 1240.569 sec

wn3 = sqrt(9743.759)
-1
= 98.71 sec

wn4 = sqrt(1240.569)
-1
= 35.222 sec

The corresponding natural frequencies are

f3 = 98.71*60/2*PI
943 rpm
f4 = 35.222*60/2*PI
336 rpm
The lower of the above two natural frequencies is 20 % away from the op. speed.

Torsional Frequency

4
Moment of inertia about Z- axis = 1.064 m

fz = S mi (Lxi2+Lyi2) + S mi (xoi2+yoi2)
= 0.42+0.095 = 0.515
wy = sqrt(Cy. Iz / fz)
= sqrt(1500*1.064/0.515)
-1
= 55.681 sec

The corresponding natural frequency is

f = 532 rpm

Summary of Frequencies

Sl. No. Description Frequency Remarks Frequency Remarks

in rpm in rpm
1 Z- Dir. 593.00 safe
2 XZ plane 153.00 safe 887.00 safe
3 YZ plane 336.00 safe 943.00 safe
4 Torsion 532.00 safe 532.00 safe

AMPLITUDE CALCULATIONS
Amplitudes were calculated in Horizontal, Vertical and Torsional directions. All the
amplitudes were found within the allowable limits. The allowable limit is 200 Microns
as per clause 5.4.1 in IS:2974 (Part IV)-1979.

DYNAMIC FORCES & MOMENTS

Casing & damper dynamic load = 492.5 kgs = 4.9kN

Part The forces in t Location of the forces in m Moment in tm About

No. x y z x-dir y-dir z-dir x-axis y-axis z-axis
1 0.130 0.130 0.493 0.190 0.500 1.550 0.20 0.20 0.12
2 0.130 0.130 0.493 0.190 1.250 1.550 0.20 0.20 0.02
3 0.130 0.130 0.493 0.190 2.000 1.550 0.20 0.20 -0.07
4 0.130 0.130 0.493 0.560 0.500 1.550 0.20 0.20 0.07
5 0.130 0.130 0.493 0.560 1.250 1.550 0.20 0.20 -0.02
6 0.130 0.130 0.493 0.560 2.000 1.550 0.20 0.20 -0.12
7
8
9
10
11
12
Total 0.780 0.780 2.955 1.21 1.21 0.00

Sample calculation for part No.1:

Forces in Location of forces in
X direction = 0.130 t X direction = 0.190 m
Y direction = 0.130 t Y direction = 0.500 m
Z direction = 0.493 t Z direction = 1.550 m

Moment in
X direction = 0.4925*1.55 = 0.76 Tm
Y direction = 0.13*1.55 = 0.76 Tm
Z direction = 0.13*(1.25-0.5)+(0.13*(0.375-0.19)) 0.12 Tm

Horizontal amplitude in X-Direction

Horizontal force in X-direction (Px) = 0.780 t

Moment about C.G of foundation system (My) = 1.21 t-m

The coefficient f(wm2) = mfy(wn12-wm2)(wn22-wm2)

= 0.973*0.297*(8633.696-151.844^2)*(257.051-151.844^2)
= 95027274.91

ax = ((Cq. Iy-W.z + Ct. Af.Z2 - fy.wm2).Px+(Ct.Af.z).My)/f(wm2)

= ((4000*0.087890625-9.546*0.96+1000*1.875*0.96^2-0.297*151.844^2)*0.78
+(1000*1.875*0.96*1.209))/9.5E+07
= -1.6313E-05 m
= -16.310 Microns
 aqy = Ct. Af.Z .Px + (Ct.Af-mwm2).My
f(wm2) f(wm2)

= (1000*1.875*0.96*0.78+(1000*1.875-0.973*151.844^2)*1.209)/9.5E+07
= -0.00024679 radians

Net amplitude at base level

= ax-z.aqy
= -1.6E-05-0.96*-2.5E-04
= 0.000220607 m
= 220.61 microns

Net horizontal amplitude at top of foundtion

= ax+(H-Z)*aqy
= -1.6E-05+(2.22-0.96)*-2.5E-04
= -0.00032727 m
= -327.27 microns

2.10.3 Horizontal amplitude in Y-Direction

Horizontal force in Y-direction = 0.780 ton

Moment about C.G of foundation system (Mx) = 1.21 t-m

The coefficient f(wm2) = mfx(wn32-wm2)(wn42-wm2)

= 0.973*0.622*(9743.759-151.844^2)*(1240.569-151.844^2)
= 175772014.3

ay = ((Cq. Ix-W.z + Ct. Af.Z2 - fx.wm2).Py+(Ct.Af.z).Mx)/f(wm2)

= ((4000*0.9765625-9.546*0.96+1000*1.875*0.96^2-0.297*151.844^2)*0.78
+(1000*1.875*0.96*1.209))/1.8E+08
= -2.6298E-05 m
= -26.3 Microns
 aqx = Ct. Af.Z .Py + (Ct.Af-mwm2).Mx
f(wm2) f(wm2)
= (1000*1.875*0.96*0.78+(1000*1.875-0.973*151.844^2)*1.209)/1.8E+08
= -0.00013342 radians
Net amplitude at base level
= ay-z.aqx
= -2.63E-05-0.96*-1.3E-04
= 0.000101788 m
= 101.788 microns

Net horizontal amplitude at top of foundtion

= ay+(H-Z)*aqx
= -2.63E-05+(2.5-0.96)*-1.3E-04
= -0.00023177 m
= -231.768 microns

2.10.4 Vertical Amplitude

Vertical force in Z-direction = 2.955 ton
az = PZ/m(wz2-wm2)
= 2.955/(0.973*(62.081^2-151.844^2)
= -0.00015816 m
= -158.156 microns

2.10.5 Torsional Amplitude

Moment about C.G. of the foundation system = 0 t-m

The angular rotation is given by
ay = MZ/(wy2-wm2)*fz
= 0/(55.681^2-151.844^2)*0.515)
= 0 radians
= 0.000

Max. foundation block length along X-axis = 0.750 m

Max. foundation block length along Y-axis = 2.500 m
Max. diagonal length in plan = 1.305 m
(from the comb. c.g. of the foundation block & equipments)
Horizontal amplitude = (ay)*Max.Diagnol length
= 0.0E+00*1.305
= 0m
= 0.00 microns

2.10.6 Summary of Amplitudes

Sl. No. Dir. Amplitudes Remarks

in microns
1 X 327.27 ok
2 Y 231.77 ok
3 Z 158.16 ok
4 Torsion 0.00 ok

The allowable amplitude is 400 microns as per cl. 5.4.1 in IS: 2974 (Part IV)-1979
Hence OK

2.11 INERTIAL FORCES & MOMENTS

These are calculated considering the fatigue coefficient of ' 2.0 ' and the amplitudes.
The forces and moments in three directions at the C.G of the system is as
calculated below.

Fatigue coefficient (x) = 2.00

2.12 DYNAMIC FORCES & MOMENTS

These are calculated considering the fatigue coefficient of ' 2.0 ' and the amplitudes.
The forces and moments in three directions at the C.G of the system is as
calculated below.

Force in X-direction = x.kx.(ax)

= 2*1000*1.88*-1.6E-05
= -0.061 ton

Force in Y-direction = x.ky.(ay)

= 2*1000*1.88*-2.6E-05
= -0.099 ton

Force in Z-direction = x.kz.az

= 2*2000*1.88*-1.6E-04
= -1.19 ton
 Moment about X-axis = x.kqx.aqx
= 2*4000*0.98*-1.3E-04
= -1.042 t-m

Moment about Y-axis = x.kqy.aqy

= 2*4000*0.09*-2.5E-04
= -0.174 t-m

Moment about Z-axis = x.ky.ay

= 2*1500*1.06*0.0E+00
= 0 t-m

2.13 FORCES AND MOMENTS AT C.G. OF FOUNDATION

The table shown below gives the various forces viz. Static, Exciting, Inertia & Dynamic
forces at the C.G of the system. These forces are to be transferred to the bottom of
foundation for the design of foundation base.

FORCES IN Z-DIR IN X-DIR IN Y-DIR MOMENT MOMENT

(VERTICAL) (HORZ) (HORZ) ABOUT X ABOUT Y
(ton) (ton) (ton) (t-m) (t-m)
STATIC 9.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
EXCITING 5.91 1.56 1.56 2.42 2.42
DYNAMIC -1.19 -0.06 -0.10 -1.04 -0.17

Note: In the above, the exciting forces are also multiplied by the fatigue factor 2.0

2.14 DESIGN OF FOUNDATION BASE

The foundation shall be checked for the net safe bearing capacity at the
founding level.

VERTICAL LOAD & MOMENT AT BOTTOM OF FOUNDATION

VERTICAL MOMENT MOMENT

ABOUT-X ABOUT-Y
(ton) (t-m) (t-m)
STATIC 9.546 0 0
EXCITING 5.910 3.916 3.916
DYNAMIC 1.19 0.947 0.115
TOTAL 10.736 0.947 0.115

2
Permissible SBC, 80% of allowable soil pressure = 10.0T/sq m t/m
Max Pressure = (10.736/1.875)+0.947*6/(2.5*0.75^2)+0.115*6/(2.5^2*0.75)

2
= 9.91 t/m Safe,ok

Min. Pressure = (10.736/1.88)-0.947*6/(2.5*0.75^2)-0.115*6/(2.5^2*0.75)

2
= 1.538 t/m

Safe,ok