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1 Using pronouns
* a pronoun: he/she/it/we/they
Derek Foster worked in advertising after the war. He became a professional painter in the early 60s.
* they/them to refer to plural nouns and to a person in the singular when you do not know whether the person is male
or female:
If you ask an artist how they started painting, theyll often say that one of their parents taught them.
* himself, herself, ourselves, themselves when the object is the same as the subject:
He poured himself a glass of water. (sipao je sebi) He poured him a glass of water. (sipao je nekom drugom).
* It, this, that, these, those to refer to a noun / noun phrase, or the the whole of the previous clause/sentence:
Artists now have a vast range of materials at their disposal. This means that they can be much more versatile
than in the past.
There are some excellent exhibitions on. I strongly recommend the one at the National Gallery.
Our neighbours are generally nice, but the ones in flat 4 arent very sociable.
Ive bought a lot of new shirts recently, but for gardening I prefer to wear an old one.
One picture showed a girl combing her hair. Another was of the same girl dancing. (there were more
pictures.)
Pablo has two houses. One is in Sao Paulo and the other is in Singapore. (there are two.)
Most of the actors went to a party. The others went home to bed.
Not many people have read The Dubgeon and Im one of the few that have.
I really enjoy good comedy films, but then I think everyone does.
3 Using so
* so - with verbs like think, suppose, believe, hope, etc. to avoid repeating a clause or sentence:
Do you think Real Madrid will win the championship? I guess so.
I told my students to hand in the essay on Monday and all of them did so.
4Omitting words
* to with a verb or adjective that is followed by an infinitive, instead of repeating a whole phrase:
Id like to be able to solve your problems but I just dont know how to.