Elias

Altruism is selfishness in reverse. An altruistic person is concerned and helpful even when no

benefits are offered or expected in return. A motive to increase anothers welfare without conscious

regard for ones self-interests.

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Private Grieving

Catharsis - Emotional release. The catharsis view of aggression is that the aggressive drive is

reduced when one releases aggressive energy, either by acting aggressively or by fantasizing

aggression.

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Leon Festingers (1957) famous cognitive dissonance theory. Tension that arises when one is

simultaneously aware of two inconsistent cognitions. For example, dissonance may occur when

we realize that we have, with little justification, acted contrary to our attitudes or made a decision

favoring one alternative despite reasons favoring another.

One way people minimize dissonance, Festinger believed, is through selective exposure to

agreeable information. Studies have asked people about their views on various topics, and then

invited them to choose whether they wanted to view information supporting or opposing their

viewpoint.

Selective exposure - The tendency to seek information and media that agree with ones views and
to avoid dissonant information.

Festinger, L., & Carlsmith, J. M.

(1959). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social

Psychology, 58, 203210.

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Florentino

Elaine Hatfield (1988) - siya nagformulate ng companionate love

Companionate love The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply intertwined

Hatfield, E. (1988). Passionate and compassionate love. In R. J. Sternberg & M. L. Barnes (Eds.),

The psychology of love. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

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counterfactual thinkingtheir mentally simulating what might have been (McGraw & others,

2005; Medvec & others, 1995).

Imagining alternative scenarios and outcomes that might have happened, but didnt.

McGraw, A. P., Mellers, B. A., & Tetlock, P. E. (2005). Expectations and emotions of Olympic

athletes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 438446.

Medvec, V. H., Madey, S. F., & Gilovich, T. (1995). When less is more: Counterfactual thinking

and satisfaction among Olympic medalists. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69,
603610.

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recency effect

Information presented last sometimes has the most influence. Recency effects are less common

than primacy effects.

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locus of control

The extent to which people perceive outcomes as internally controllable by their own efforts or as

externally controlled by chance or outside forces.

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The construction of positive memories brightens our recollections. Terence Mitchell, Leigh

Thompson, and colleagues (1994, 1997) report that people often exhibit rosy retrospectionthey

recall mildly pleasant events more favorably than they experienced them.

Mitchell, T. R., & Thompson, L. (1994). A theory of temporal adjustments of the evaluation of

events: Rosy prospection and rosy retrospection. In C. Stubbart, J. Porac, & J. Meindl (Eds.),

Advances in managerial cognition and organizational information processing. Greenwich, CT:

JAI Press

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Social Psychology Reference

(Myers & Twenge, 2013)

Bibliography
Myers, D. C., & Twenge, J. M. (2013). Social Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Avoidance

Level 2

The participants manifested avoidant strategies because they could not handle and face the

reality of their loss. They deliberately chose to depart themselves because it still terrifies them,

considering that majority of the participants experienced the incident first-hand. For Isabel,