Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
ON
SUBMITTED TO
Session 2015-2018
This is to certify that project titled EMPLOYEE HEALTH AND SAFETY has
been submitted to Govt. P.G. COLLEGE UNA by AAKSHI in partial fulfillment
for the award of bachelor degree in Business Administration under my guidance and
supervision. To the best of my knowledge the same has not been submitted to any
other University/Institute for the purpose of pursuing any other professional degree
course.
If words are considered as a symbol of approval and token of appreciation then let the
words play the heralding role of expressing my gratitude
I am greatly obliged to our Director Dr. TRILOK CHAND and coordinator Dr.
SANJAY VERMA and all the lecturers of BBA department for their guidance which
helped me a lot for completing my Project Report and those who directly and
indirectly helped me to do my project work successfully.
I would like incomplete without expressing whole hearted thanks to all my friends
who have been the constant resource of encouragement and support throughout this
project especially Mrs. MONIKA RAIZADA who has joined me in the project . I am
also thankful to my family for their support for completing the project
Above all it is the grace of God which has led and blessed me all the way in my life to
make this work a fruitful one
AAKSHI
DECLARATION
I AAKSHI, hereby declare that this project report entitled PROJECT REPORT ON
EMPLOYEE HEALTH AND SAFETY With special reference to ENPLOYEE
HEALTH AND SAFETY OF VERKA MILK PLANT by me for the award of
BBA(Final) of Himachal Pradesh University, is the original work conducted by me
and data provided in the study authentic to the best of my knowledge .
AAKSHI
Class-BBA 5th Sem
University Roll no. 5115TIRP430052
Class Roll no. 15054
PREFACE
The main purpose of summer training is to supplement the theoretical knowledge with
practical knowledge. This report is an endeavor to assimilate and put towards all the
knowledge and experience that I have got during the training period in Verka milk
plant India Limited (Ludhiana factory)
An employ spends about 8 hours at the place of work during any working day. He
must be provided with such types of facilities which will maintain his health and keep
him interested in his work. It is the responsibility of every management to ensure
workers health and safety. Healthy working conditions and industrial safety are
directly related to the efficiency of the worker that is why I have chosen this topic for
the summer training.
The research during the summer training is going to play a very important role in
developing self-confidence for my future. The knowledge gained from the training
done in Verka India Limited (Ludhiana factory) is a lifetime experience that I will
treasure forever. I have described the Health & Safety provisions in Verka Milk Plant
Limited (Ludhiana factory) in this summer training report. This training paves the
way to know about the detailed overview of how important healthy & safe working
conditions are for a company as well as for the employees and the provisions of
factory act (1948).
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION &
COMPANY PROFILE
INTRODUCTION
In this project report I have explained about what type of working conditions are
required for the employees under Factories Act, 1948. There should be neat and clean
physical working environment in which the employees have to work ,proper lighting
should be there, proper working space and seating arrangement, drinking water should
be available cafeteria restrooms washing facilities ,dispensary services , recreational
facilities , safety provisions should be there in case of fire etc. It is the responsibility
of every management to ensure workers health and safety. Healthy working
conditions and industrial safety are directly related to the efficiency of the workers.
The health and safety provisions are explained in context with Nestl India Limited
which is a multinational company during summer training in its Moga Factory. Nestl
is the worlds largest food company with its international headquarters at Vevey,
Switzerland. With almost 500 factories world wide it employs almost 2, 30,000
people. It is the only multinational established in
RATIONALE OF GOOD WORKING CONDITIONS
There are many repercussions of not providing good working facilities to the
employees. Firstly, the employee will not be able to concentrate on his work
.Secondly, he will not feel like he is putting his best if the working conditions are not
good. Thirdly, bad working conditions will tell upon the health of an average
employ .fourthly there will be higher rate of absenteeism. and labour turnover. Finally
,there will be wastage of resources of the organization because of lower efficiency.
The quality of work will also deteriorate. To avoid these type of bad effects the
management should provide good working conditions to the workers
There are mainly three type of working conditions in which the workers have to work.
These are (1) Physical Environment (2) Mental Environment & (3) Social
Environment. All these means that surroundings in which the workers have to work
.Physical environment includes physical factors prevalent with in the factory. Mental
environment means the stress regarding the work load. Favorable mental environment
create satisfaction among the workers. And social environment means the relations of
management with the employees. Thus the should be provided with healthy and safe
working conditions to the workers.
PROJECT INTRODUCTION
It is essential to ensure favourable working conditions so that the workers can perform
their tasks without experiencing physical or mental strain.Some of the conditions
surrounding a worker as he does his job and affecting his physical well being and thus
his efficiency, are as under:
1) CLEANLINESS
2) LIGHTING
3) TEMPERATURE AND VENTILATION
4) FREEDOM FROM NOISE
5) DUST
6) WORKING SPACE AND SEATING ARRANGEMENT
5) DUST: In certain areas or regions, the ratio of dust in the atmosphere is quite
high.When dust enters the factory, it effects the health of the employees
adversely.Dust also reduces the life of various machines and equipments.Therefore it
is essential to check the entry of dust into the factory premises.
It may be difficult to check entry of dust into the factory.Dust should be cleaned quite
regularly because it not only pollutes the environment but also has an adverse impact
on the intensity of light.
The company covers the medical expenses of permanent employees. All the
permanent employees are having health insurance for himself and spouse the
company will bear 60% charges. The company pays Rs 25000/- if the employee gets
admitted in the hospital and pay Rs 11500/- if spouse or children get admitted. Apart
from this Rs 25000/- are given for routine checkups. Apart form all this each and
every permanent employees full body checkups and tests are done free of cost in
CMC Hospital Ludhiana. This checkup includes about 35 tests. These tests are done
every year
DISPENSERY
The company has a dispensary with full time pharmacist Ramesh Kapoor and two
visiting doctors Dr. R.C.Mittal and Dr. Asutosh Sharma. The dispensary is open from
8A.M. to 5 P.M. it is equipped to provide for the treatment of minor ailments and first
aid in case of accident .The dispensary performs routine checkups .the health record
of the employees is kept on the medical card and is kept with the dispensary including
the blood group
The main objective of the Nestl Dispensary is to provide free first aid and health care
facilities to the employees who are prone to many hazards while working .The
Company provides medical and health care facilities to its employees in many ways.
All the departments are equipped with first aid boxes. In case of any minor injury the
employees can take the necessary medicines from the first aid box.
The stock of dispensary is ordered for six months in advance and the monthly stock is
received on the first day of every month .more .Than 50 types of medicines are
received every month for the medical treatment of employees . the monthly closing
stock is brought forward for next coming month and is added to the fresh stock .the
authorized persons are appointed to carry out dispensary services.
There are so many facilities which are provided to the employees by the dispensary
services of the Nestl Company.
60-60 First aid boxes are placed at different locations in each department for
emergency cases after the working hours of the Company and for the holidays.
These first aid boxes are filled with cotton, bandages, ointments and medicines
daily by the authorized persons and almost all the employees are satisfied from
the facility.
There are about 80-100 trained first-aiders cum workers in every department
who provide help in giving first aid to the required person in odd hours
because the dispensary service is not available for the night shifts.
Because of greenery and plants some times snake can come and bite any
employee The Company provides free treatment for snake bite cases by
specially bought snake bite kits for the welfare of the employees.
The company provides medical scheme for hospitalization and covers about
60 hospitals (inside and outside Moga district) under this scheme to provide
benefits to the employees and reimburse the medical expenses.
The dispensary is equipped with ambulance facility to carry the injured
employee from different departments and also to take them to the near by
hospital if the case is out of control for them.
There is a bed inside the dispensary where the injured person can be laid
There is provision of eye sight checking in the dispensary where the
employees can check their eye sight.
During night shifts there is provision of ambulance to take the injured or sick
employee to the hospital with in the area of 100 meter
HEALTH OF WORKERS IN FACTORIES
Secs.11 to 20 of the Factories Act, 1948 contain provisions regarding creation of
healthy working conditions for workers. These are examined below:
1. Cleanliness (sec.11)
2. Disposal of Wastes and Effluents (sec.12)
3. Ventilation and Temperature (sec.13)
4. Dust and Fume (sec.14)
5. Artificial Humidification (sec.15)
6. Overcrowding (sec.16)
7. Lighting (sec.17)
8. Drinking Water (sec.18)
9. Latrines and Urinals (sec.19)
10. Spittoons (sec.20)
6. OVERCROWDING (SEC.16):
1. No room in any factory shall be overcrowded to an extent injurious to
the health of the workers employed therein.
SAFETY DEPARTMENT
In Nestl India Limited Moga Factory there is a separate Safety Department having
four members. One H.O.D.Mr.Sachidananda Swain, two operators and one engineer.
This Safety Department performs all the functions regarding safety assurance. They
give the safety education to the employees, check the guarding of the machinery,
make regular inspection of the plant, provide proper clothing the employees and make
the safety programme
The Safety Department work for the maintenance of the plant. If there some defect in
the machines safety offices makes the inspection and change the worn out parts if
there is some delay in the replacing they tell the workers to take more precautions.
Safety department has placed hoardings in the various parts of the factory to give
safety education to the workers.
SAFETY IN INDUSTRY
It is the responsibility of every management to ensure workers safety while they are
at work.. Safety measures not only result in reduced industrial accidents but also raise
industrial efficiency.Therefore, employers should lay emphasis on safety measures in
their plants.Industrial Safety measures include precautionary steps to be taken by the
management of an enterprise in order to prevent accidents.Thus, accident prevention
is the main objective of any safety programme.Accidents in industry cause damage to
property and life.
a) INHERENT HAZARDS: There are many jobs in industries which are highly
prone to accidents. Coal mining, marine transport, quarry and construction are
considered more dangerous industries as compared to communication, banking and
tobacco industries.
As an integral part of managing the business, all Verka managers are accountable for
managing workplace occupational health and safety with demonstrated leadership,
motivation and participation. Employees at all levels are responsible to work in a safe
manner to prevent injury and ill- health to themselves and their co-workers.
We drive our value-based occupational health and safety culture for continual
improvement in our OH&S performance by
Conducting risk assessments and take appropriate preventive actions to
minimize residual risk to human health and safety.
Promoting safe acts and correcting unsafe acts
Ensuring compliance with all relevant legal and other requirements pertaining
to occupational health and safety.
Actively engaging our employees and other stake holders to drive
implementation of all elements of our Nestle Occupational Health and safety
Management System through consultation ,communication and participation
at all levels
Educating, training and equipping staff at all levels to ensure they are
empowered to prevent unsafe situations/ behaviors and to respond promptly to
unexpected events.
Setting targets and monitoring our management systems.
Fostering communication with all stakeholders.
We understand our responsibility towards the community and third parties in
managing safety. We enforce our H&S policy on the third parties operating at our sites
and encourage our suppliers and contractors to follow similar standard
2.10 MEASURES FOR ENSURING INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
The safety provisions are contained in section 21 to 41 of the Factories Act, . 1948.
The provisions are to be followed by every factory covered by this act. They are
obligatory in their character.The requirements prescribed under the act are absolute
and are in no way dependent upon previous notice or warning from the Inspector of
Factories.The provisions dealing with the safety of the workers in different states are
supplemented by rules framed by each State Government. So in relation to a factory
in a particular State, the rules of the Government of the state must be referred to.
The safety provisions as given under the Factories Act described as under:
1) Fencing of machinery (Sec.21)
2) Work on or near machinery in motion (Sec.22)
3) Employment of young persons on Dangerous Machines (Sec.23)
4) Striking Gear and Devices for Cutting of Power (Sec.24)
5) Self acting Machine (Sec.25)
6) Casing of New Machinery (Sec.26)
7) Prohibition of Employment of Women and Children near Cotton-openers
(Sec.27)
8) Hoists and Lifts (Sec.28)
9) Lifting Machines, Chains, Ropes and Lifting Tackles (Sec.29)
10)Revolving Machinery (Sec.30)
11) Pressure plant (Sec.31)
12) Floors, stairs and Means of Access (Sec.32)
13) Pits, Sumps, Opening in Floors, etc. (Sec.33)
14) Excessive Weights (Sec.34)
15) Protection of Eyes (Sec.35)
16) Precautions against Dangerous Fumes (Sec.36)
17) Precautions regarding the use of Portable Light (Sec.36A)
18) Explosive or Inflammable Dust, Gas, etc. (Sec.37)
19) Precautions in case of Fire (Sec.38)
20) Power to require Specification of Defective Part or Tests of
Stability (Sec.39)
21) Sfety of Buildings and Machinery (Sec.40)
22) Maintenance of Buildings (Sec.40A)
23) Safety Officers (Sec.40B)
24) Power to Make Rules (Sec.41)
Health and well-being in the workplace have become common topics in the
mainstream media, in practitioner-oriented magazines and journals and, increasingly,
in scholarly research journals. In this article, we first review the literature that serves
to define health and well-being. We then discuss the primary factors associated with
health and well-being, the consequences of low levels of health and well-being, and
common methods for improving health and well-being in the workplace. Finally, we
highlight important future directions for future theory, research, and practice
regarding health and well-being from an organizational perspective.
Health and safety problems associated with long working hours: a review of the
current position
The European Community Directive on Working Time, which should have been
implemented in member states of the European Community by November 1996,
contains several requirements related to working hours, including the right of
employees to refuse to work more than 48 hours a week. The United Kingdom
government attempted to oppose the Directive, arguing that there is no convincing
evidence that hours of work should be limited on health and safety grounds. Much of
the research in this area has focused on the problems of shiftworking and previous
reviews have therefore tended to emphasise this aspect of working hours. However,
there is much less information about the effects of overtime work, which is a central
element of the terms of the Directive. This paper reviews the current evidence relating
to the potential effects on health and performance of extensions to the normal working
day. Several gaps in the literature are identified. Research to date has been restricted
to a limited range of health outcomes--namely, mental health and cardiovascular
disorders. Other potential effects which are normally associated with stress--for
example, gastrointestinal disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, at problems associated
with depression of the immune system, have received little attention. Also, there have
few systematic investigations of performance effects, and little consideration of the
mplications for occupational exposure limits of extensions to the working day.
Existing data elate largely to situations where working hours exceed 50 a week and
there is a lack of information on hours below this level, which is of direct relevance to
the European Community proposal. Finally, it is clear from investigations relating to
shiftwork that a range of modifying factors are likely to influence the level and nature
of health and performance outcomes. These include the attitudes and motivation of the
people concerned, the job requirements, and other aspects of the organisational and
cultural climate. It is concluded that there is currently sufficient evidence to raise
concerns about the risks to health and safety of long working hours. However, much
more work is required to define the level and nature of those risks.
Shift work and health--a critical review of the literature on working hours
Harrington JM.(1 999)
Institute of Occupational Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United
Kingdom.
Working outside normal hours either by extended days or shift work is a fact of
industrial society. Its economic advantages must be weighed against detrimental
effects on the individual worker in the form of circadian rhythm disturbance, poorer
quality and quantity of sleep and increased fatigue. The link between shift work and
increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has strengthened in recent years.
The case for an association with gastrointestinal disease remains quite good. Evidence
of poorer work performance and increased accidents, particularly on the night shift, is
persuasive, although individual factors may be as important as workplace factors.
Correct shift work scheduling is important and for rotating shifts, rapid forward
rotation is the least disruptive option. The compressed working week of 10 to 12-hour
shifts is gaining popularity but evidence is too scant at present to suggest there are
many long- term health and safety risks provided the rest day block is preserved.
Optimal hours for the working week caimot be formulated on present scientific
evidence, though working more than 48-56 hours a week probably carries serious
health and safety implications. The inherent conflict between the interest of the
worker and the enterprise over unsocial hours can be mitigated by improvements in
working conditions especially at night and by advice to the worker on coping
strategies. Further research is needed on the effects of the compressed working week,
as well as the influence of culture, task and gender on any health effects. Studies to
define individual characteristics which may cause shift work intolerance would be of
great practical use.
.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN:
A researcher design is the overall plan or programm of research. It is the general blue
print for the collection, measurement and analysis of data .In includes an outline what
an investigator can do from writing the hypothesis and their operational implication
to the final analysis of data.
DATA
Data constitutes the foundation of any analysis. Data is the collection of any number
of related observations. Surveys are the most popular device of obtaining the desired
data. Data is the quantities or numerical information, which is collected for future
analysis and interpretation in order to base decision on them.
Type of Data Used
Primary Data: Primary data is collected by personal survey, questionnaires,
telephone survey, observation etc.
Secondary Data: Websites magazines and different academics books are used in my
research project as secondary data. E.g. magazines, internet and books.
SAMPLE DESIGN:
A simple design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population
which includes:
SAMPLING PROCEDURE
Simple Random Sampling used to selects the most accessible population.
SAMPLING UNIT
Employees were the sampling unit of the future research study.
SAMPLING SIZE
The sample size was of 20 respondents.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
In research training report survey was used as the sampling techniques.
CONTACT METHODS:
It represents the way to interact with selected sample. In the research study the
Contact method was the face to face interaction with the respondents.
DATA ANALYSIS
A percentage was computed for different variable for interpreta tions
DATA
INTERPRETATION
&
ANALYSIS
4.1 ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION
The analysis and discussion tells us about job satisfaction at Verka milk Plant Ltd.
Ludhiana. It covers the aspects like general profile of the respondents, their degree of
satisfaction in different areas.
General profile of respondents
This section gives the general profile of respondents as obtained from the data
collected through survey. It deals with age and gender.
4.2 QUESTIONNAIRE FOR HEALTH & SAFETY
Answer:-
(2) No 4 20%
Total 20 100%
Total 20 100%
(2) No 4 20%
Total 20 100%
(2) No 6 30%
Total 20 100%
fighting system in Nestl 6 i.e.30% said that it is excellent 8 i.e.40% said that it is
very good 2 i.e.10% said that it is good and 4 i.e.20% considers it moderate. Results
Question 7:-What do you think about the arrangement of providing the first aid in
case of injury?
Answer:-
aid provision in Nestl 10 i.e.50% said that it is excellent 6 i.e.30% said that it is very
good 10% said that it is good and 10% considers it moderate. Results are shown in the
table.
Question 8:-How well safety officers perform their duties?
Answer:-
(4) Moderate 1 5%
(5) Poor
Total 20 100%
i.e.20% said that it is very good 3 i.e.15% said that it is good and 1 i.e.5% considers it
Answer:-
(3) Good 1 5%
(4) Moderate 1 5%
(5) Poor 0%
Total 20 100%
factory as work place 15 i.e.75% said that it is excellent 3 i.e.15% said that it is very
good 1 i.e.5% said that it is good and 1 i.e.5% considers it moderate. Results are
Answer:-
(5) Poor 0%
Total 20 100%
system in Nestl 10 i.e.50% said that it is excellent 6 i.e.30% said that it is very good
2 i.e. 10% said that it is good and 2 i.e. 10% considers it moderate. Results are shown
in the table
Question 11:-How will you rate the behavior of the senior officers?
Answer:-
(5) Poor 1 5%
Total 20 100%
lighting system in Nestl 6 i.e.30% said that it is excellent, 8 i.e.40% said that it is
very good., 3 i.e.15% said that it is good and 2 i.e.10% considers it moderate, 1
From the data collected from the various departments Milk Operations, Fresh
Milk Reception, Egron, Warehouse, Culinary, Powder Filling Plant, Accounts, HR
etc in the Nestl we come to the result that 80% workers are satisfied from the
ventilation system in the production areas and 20% says that it should be more
improved. 75% workers say that there is proper provision of protecting eyes and
25% workers dont think so. 90% says that there is proper fencing of machinery
and 10% want more improvement 70% workers says that they are satisfied from
the facilities given to them by the Nestl but 30%says that there should be more
facilities regarding Health & Safety.
About the fire fighting system in Nestl 30% workers said that it is excellent .40%
said that it is very good .10% said that it is good and .20% considers it moderate.
About the first aid provision in Nestl .50% said that it is excellent .30% said that
it is very good 10% said that it is good and 10% considers it moderate. When the
employees were asked about the performance of the safety officers in Nestl .60%
said that it is excellent .20% said that it is very good .15% said that it is good and .
5% considers it moderate. About the behavior of senior officers in Nestl .30%
said that it is excellent,.40% said that it is very good., 15% said that it is good and
10% considers it moderate,5%considers it poor
In the end we can say that the overall percentage of the satisfaction of the workers
from the provisions regarding health and safety is higher than dissatisfaction.
Most of the workers are satisfied from the working conditions in the nestle.
OBSERVATIONS
During the training period some shortcomings were observed which are listed
below:-
Grass in the lawns is not cut in time it is cut when the grass is grown like a
field.
There were mosquitoes in the area where the milk is unloaded in the storage
tanks and is supplied to different areas.
There is not the provision of dispensary services during the night shifts it is
only from 8 A.M to 5 P.M.
The medicines in the first aid box were being misused
The doctor in the dispensary is not permanent. There is only a permanent
Pharmacist.
Employees spend more time for the checkup
There is not any system for monitoring the time spent by the workers for
checkup.
SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT
There are some suggestions that can be given for the improvement
There should be some medical facilities available for night shift, and two
employees from each department should be well-trained for providing first aid
To monitor the time spend for the medical checkup one should enter the
arrival and departure time in the punch machine time while going for check-
up.
There should be provision of permanent doctor in the dispensary so that
instant critical situation can be handled
Shift officer should have a control on the consumption of the consumption of
the medicines in the first aid box
No one should be allowed to visit dispensary without medical slip signed by
the shift officer.
Grassy lawn should be properly maintained
Regular cleaning should be done in training department
Mosquito killing spray should be used in drainage area.
Sewerage storage area should be covered separate
Limitation
1. Short span of time: The main limitation of the is availability of time. Due to short
span of time, some inaccuracy may have occurred.
2. Biasness on the part of respondents: Some respondents were not ready to reveal the
true information.
3. Inaccurate access: Due to short span of time it was not possible to access all
employees as factory is wide.
4. Some were not interested in filling the questionnaires and they did not give back
the questionnaires.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
T.N.CHHABRA, HUMAN RESOURSE MANAGEMENT Concepts &
issues, DHANPAT RAI & CO., 2007, 479-497.
WEBSITES
http://www.google.com/
http://www.nestle.in/
ANNEXURE
QUESTIONNAIRE
Question 1:-Is there proper floor cleaning system in Nestl?
Ans: a) Yes
b) No
Question 2:-Is there proper ventilation in the different production areas in Nestl?
Ans: a) Yes
b) No