a. Support floors and walls Phase 1 Preliminary Design b. Resist lateral wind pressure Project scope, plan, timeline c. Provide a satisfactory appearance Permitting/Legal Requirements inside and out Owner Plan Review d. Insulate against noise and heat Design Revisions transmission Project Specifications and Budget e. Keep moisture out Phase 2 Design & Contract Completion 6. Partitions Finalize Design a. Support floors and roofs Material Selection (Fixtures, Floorings) b. Provide satisfactory appearance Finalize Construction Drawings c. Insulate against noise transmission 7. Roof Finalize Project Plan/Timeline a. Keep moisture out Finalize Contract b. Support snow and other weights Phase 3 Construction c. Resist wind pressure and wind uplift Coordinators of Subcontractors d. Provide a satisfactory appearance Maintenance of Budget Parameters e. Insulate against noise and heat Implementation of Change Orders transmission Coordination with Interior Design Team Certificate of Occupancy MAJOR TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION Contract Closure (including punch list) 1. Residential Housing Construction The construction of a simple building requires a 2. Institutional and Commercial Building selection of materials to perform the following tasks: Construction 3. Specialized Industrial Construction involves 1. Footing a very large scale projects with high degree of a. Distribute of the weight of the technological complexity building to the soil 4. Infrastructure and Heavy Construction b. Resist cracking despite uneven soil include projects such as highways, mass settlement transit system, tunnels, bridges, drainage c. Resist corrosive attack from soil and systems and sewage treatments plants water 2. Basement Floor Basic Occupancy Classification a. Provide smooth surface b. Resist wear Based on NSCP-2015 c. Resist cracking despite upward water 1. Essential Facilities pressure or uneven soil settlement 2. Hazardous Facilities d. Keep moisture out 3. Special Occupancy Structures buildings with e. Resist corrosive attack from soil to an assembly room with an occupant capacity water of 1,000 or more (educational buildings, 3. Basement Walls mental hospitals, jails, churches, mosques a. Support the rest of the building etc.) b. Resist lateral side pressure from the 4. Standard Occupancy Structures earth 5. Miscellaneous Structures c. Keep moisture out d. Resist corrosive attack from soil to Based on National Building Code of the Philippines water A. Residential: Dwellings 4. Other floors and ceilings B. Residential: Hotels and Apartments a. Provide a smooth surface C. Education and Recreation b. Resist wear D. Institutional c. Support furniture and people without E. Business and Mercantile sagging excessively or breaking F. Industrial d. Provide a satisfactory appearance G. Storage and Hazardous e. Clean easily H. Assembly Other Than Group I f. Insulate against noise transmission I. Assembly Occupant Load 1000 or More J. Accessory Classification of Properties of Engineering Materials Classification Based on Ferrous Content
1. Physical Properties are those distinguishing I. Metallic materials possess properties of high physical behaviour of a material electrical and conductivity, malleability, a. Dimension, Shape ductility and luster. b. Porosity/Void Content A. Ferrous Iron-based materials c. Permeability 1. Steel d. Moisture Content 2. Cast Iron e. Specific Heat 3. Wrought Iron f. Thermal Conductivity 4. Malleable Cast Iron g. Coefficient of expansion B. Nonferrous all other materials h. Texture 1. Copper i. Color 2. Tin j. Shape 3. Zinc k. Refractive Index 4. Aluminium l. Density of specific gravity 5. Magnesium m. Electrical Resistivity 6. Titanium 2. Chemical Properties are characteristics of a II. Non-metallic Materials does not possesses material that relate to its behaviour in metallic properties chemical reactions 1. Wood a. Oxide/Compound composition 2. Stone b. Acidity/Alkalinity 3. Brick c. Resistance to Corrosion/Weathering 4. Cement 3. Mechanical Properties measure the 5. Concrete resistance of a material to applied loads or 6. Resins forces. 7. Leather a. Stress 8. Rubber b. Strain 9. Ceramics c. Plastic behaviour III. Metalloids have properties intermediate to d. Toughness and Ductility the metals and non-metals 4. Physico-Chemical 1. Boron (B) a. Water-absorptive or water-repellent 2. Aluminium (Al) action 3. Silicon (Si) b. Shrinkage and swell due to moisture 4. Germanium (Ge) changes 5. Arsenic (As) 5. Thermal Properties 6. Antimony (Sb) a. Specific heat 7. Tellurium (Te) b. Expansion 8. Pelonium (Po) c. Conductivity 9. Astatine (At) 6. Electrical and Magnetic a. Conductivity b. Magnetic permeability c. Galvanic action 7. Acoustical a. Sound transmission b. Sound reflection 8. Optical a. Color b. Light transmission c. Light reflection
CONCRETE BASICS Concrete Products 1. Architectural Concrete highlights design Advantages of Concrete as Construction Material possibilities and discusses considerations for When properly prepared, it acquires the selecting color and texture properties of a stone 2. Autoclaved Cellular Concrete constructed in It can be molded in any required shape Sweden It is strong and durable and has a high 3. Concrete Masonry more cost-effective, resistance to fire and penetration with water energy-efficient building product Low maintenance 4. Controlled Low-Strength Material cement- Strong in Compression based product often used as a backfill Versatile appearance 5. High-Strength Concrete Disadvantages of Concrete as Construction Material 6. Insulating Concrete Forms made a mark on Low tensile strength the housing industry of North America Requires construction and expansion joint 7. Concrete Pavement 8. Concrete Pipe provides water for people Continued loading develops creep and farmlands or carries away sewage and Forms of Concrete drains land 9. Precast Concrete became more common According to Reinforcement Used after World War II 1. Plain Concrete 10. Prestressed Concrete 2. Ordinary Reinforced Concrete 11. Ready Mixed Concrete 3. Prestressed Concrete 12. Roller-Compacted Concrete 13. Shotcrete a mortar or concrete that is According to Types, sizes and Densities of Aggregate dispensed from a house onto a surface at a 1. Wood Fiber Concrete high velocity 2. Lightweight Concrete 14. Soil-cement product is often used as a 3. Normal weight Concrete paving base, mixing cement with compacted 4. Heavyweight Concrete soil 15. Tilt-Up Concrete a construction method According to the Type of Binder Used where walls are cast in a horizontal position 1. Blended hydraulic cement concrete and then tilted into a vertical position and 2. Natural cement concrete moved into place with a mobile crane 3. Polymer cement concrete 4. Bituminous concrete
According to Behaviour to Applied Load 1. Flexible concrete tend to deform plastically under heavy loads or when heated 2. Rigid Concrete made with Portland cement, sand, stone and water A. Nailable concrete B. Insulating concrete C. Heavyweight concrete D. Lightweight concrete E. Fiber Reinforced concrete F. Air-entrained concrete
(Studies in Applied Mechanics 24) George Z. Voyiadjis and Dimitrios Karamanlidis (Eds.) - Advances in The Theory of Plates and Shells-Academic Press, Elsevier (1990)