AL7073 HIGH SPEED JET FLOWS L T P C

3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVES:
To make the students learn about various jet control methods, jet acoustics aspects and
free shear layer flow theory pertaining to turbulent jets with high speed.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9
Types of nozzles over expanded and under expanded flows - Isentropic flow through nozzles
Interaction of nozzle flows over adjacent surfaces Mach disk - Jet flow types - Numerical
problems.

UNIT II COMPRESSIBLE FLOW THEORY 9

One-dimensional compressible fluid flow flow through variable area passage nozzles and
diffusers normal and oblique shock waves and calculation of flow and fluid properties across the
shocks and expansion fans. Interaction of shocks with solid and fluid surface.

UNIT III JET CONTROL 9

Types of jet control - single jet, multi jet, co-flow jet, parallel flow jet. Subsonic jets- Mathematical
treatment of jet profiles- Theory of Turbulent jets- Mean velocity and mean temperature-
Turbulence characteristics of free jets- Mixing length- Experimental methods for studying jets and
the Techniques used for analysis- Expansion levels of jets- Overexpanded, Correctly expanded,
Underexpanded jets - Control of jets. Centre line decay, Mach number Profile, Iso-Mach (or iso-
baric) contours, Shock cell structure in underexpanded and overexpanded jets, Mach discs.

UNIT IV BOUNDARY LAYER CONCEPT 9

Boundary Layer displacement and momentum thickness- laminar and turbulent boundary layers
over flat plates velocity distribution in turbulent flows over smooth and rough boundaries-
laminar sub layer. Shock-boundary layer interactions.

UNIT V JET ACOUSTICS 9

Introduction to Acoustic Types of noise Source of generation- Traveling wave solution-
standing wave solution multi-dimensional acoustics -Noise suppression techniques applications
to problems.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the course, students will learn the basics of nozzle flows, methods of
jet control and acoustics of jet.

REFERENCES
1. EthirajanRathakrishnan, Applied Gas Dynamics, John Wiley, NY, 2010.
2. Shapiro, AH, Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow, Vols. I & II,
Ronald Press, New York, 1953.
3. Rathakrishnan E., Gas Dynamics, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2008.
4. Liepmann and Roshko, Elements of Gas Dynamics, John Wiley, NY, 1963.

AL7074 ORBITAL MECHANICS AND SPACE FLIGHT L T P C

3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVE:
To introduce concepts of satellite injection and satellite perturbations, trajectory
computation for interplanetary travel and flight of ballistic missiles based on the
fundamental concepts of orbital mechanics.

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UNIT I SPACE ENVIRONMENT 8
Peculiarities of space environment and its description effect of space environment on materials of
spacecraft structure and astronauts- manned space missions effect on satellite life time

UNIT II BASIC CONCEPTS AND THE GENERAL N- BODY PROBLEM 10

The solar system reference frames and coordinate systems terminology related to the celestial
sphere and its associated concepts Keplers laws of planetary motion and proof of the laws
Newtons universal law of gravitation - the many body problem - Lagrange-Jacobi identity the
circular restricted three body problem libration points the general N-body problem two body
problem relations between position and time.

UNIT III SATELLITE INJECTION AND SATELLITE PERTURBATIONS 10

General aspects of satellite injection satellite orbit transfer various cases orbit deviations due
to injection errors special and general perturbations Cowells method and Enckes method
method of variations of orbital elements general perturbations approach.

UNIT IV INTERPLANETARY TRAJECTORIES 8

Two-dimensional interplanetary trajectories fast interplanetary trajectories three dimensional
interplanetary trajectories launch of interplanetary spacecraft trajectory estimation about the
target planet concept of sphere of influence Lamberts theorem

UNIT V BALLISTIC MISSILE TRAJECTORIES 9

Introduction to ballistic missile trajectories boost phase the ballistic phase trajectory
geometry optimal flights time of flight re-entry phase the position of impact point influence
coefficients.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
OUTCOMES:
To introduce concepts of satellite injection and satellite perturbations, trajectory
computation for interplanetary travel and flight of ballistic missiles based on the
fundamental concepts of orbital mechanics.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Cornelisse, J.W., Rocket Propulsion and Space Dynamics, J.W. Freeman &Co.,Ltd,
London, 1982
2. Parker, E.R., Materials for Missiles and Spacecraft, Mc.Graw Hill Book Co. Inc., 1982.

REFERENCES:
1. Sutton, G.P., Rocket Propulsion Elements, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 5th Edition,
1993.

AL7075 THEORY OF BOUNDARY LAYERS L TP C

3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVES
To make the student understand the importance of viscosity and boundary layer in fluid
flow. To introduce the theory behind laminar and turbulent boundary layers.

UNIT I FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS OF VISCOUS FLOW 8

Fundamental equations of viscous flow, Conservation of mass, Conservation of Momentum-
Navier-Stokes equations, Energy equation, Mathematical character of basic equations,
Dimensional parameters in viscous flow, Non-dimensionalising the basic equations and boundary
conditions, vorticity considerations, creeping flow, boundary layer flow

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UNIT II SOLUTIONS OF VISCOUS FLOW EQUATIONS 10
Solutions of viscous flow equations, Couette flows, Hagen-Poisuelle flow, Flow between rotating
concentric cylinders, Combined Couette-Poiseuille Flow between parallel plates, Creeping motion,
Stokes solution for an immersed sphere, Development of boundary layer, Displacement thickness,
momentum and energy thickness.

UNIT III LAMINAR BOUNDARY LAYER 10

Laminar boundary layer equations, Flat plate Integral analysis of Karman Integral analysis of
energy equation Laminar boundary layer equations boundary layer over a curved body-Flow
separation- similarity solutions, Blasius solution for flat-plate flow, FalknerSkan wedge flows,
Boundary layer temperature profiles for constant plate temperature Reynolds analogy, Integral
equation of Boundary layer Pohlhausen method Thermal boundary layer calculations

UNIT IV TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER 10

Turbulence-physical and mathematical description, Two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer
equations Velocity profiles The law of the wall The law of the wake Turbulent flow in pipes
and channels Turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate Boundary layers with pressure gradient,
Eddy Viscosity, mixing length , Turbulence modelling

UNIT V BOUNDARY LAYER CONTROL 7

Boundary layer control in laminar flow-Methods of Boundary layer control: Motion of the solid wall-
Acceleration of the boundary layer-Suction- Injection of different gas-Prevention of transition-
Cooling of the wall-Boundary layer suction-Injection of a different gas.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the course, students will understand the boundary layer concepts for
the flow past over the various bodies and its effects.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. White, F. M., Viscous Fluid Flow, McGraw-Hill & Co., Inc., New York. 2005.

REFERENCES:
1. Schlicting, H., Boundary Layer Theory, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1979.
2. Reynolds, A, J., Turbulent Flows Engineering, John Wiley and Sons, 1980.

AL7251 COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LT PC

3 0 03
OBJECTIVE:
To impart knowledge to the students on the macro mechanics of composite materials,
analysis and manufacturing methods of composite materials and introduce failure theories
of composites.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 10
Classification and characteristics of composite materials - Types of fiber and resin materials,
functions and their properties Application of composite to aircraft structures-Micromechanics-
Mechanics of materials, Elasticity approaches-Mass and volume fraction of fibers and resins-Effect
of voids, Effect of temperature and moisture.

UNIT II MACROMECHANICS 10
Hookes law for orthotropic and anisotropic materials-Lamina stress-strain relations referred to
natural axes and arbitrary axes.

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AS7009 SPACECRAFT ATTITUDE DYNAMICS AND CONTROL LT P C
3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVES:
To introduce the students the basics of attitude sensors, control actuators and factors
which disturb satellite orbit.
To make the students familiarize with orbit maneuvers of satellites and rocket vehicle
guidance.

UNIT I ATTITUDE SENSORS 8

Relative Attitude sensors Gyroscopes, Motion reference Units, Absolute Attitude sensors
Horizon sensor, Orbital Gyrocompass, Earth sensors, sun sensors (Digital and analog), star
sensor- Magnetometer

UNIT II CONTROL ACTUATORS 9

Fundamental principles of operation of Thrusters- Momentum Wheel-Control Moment Gyros-
Reaction wheel- Magnetic Torques- Reaction Jets- Ion Propulsion- Electric propulsion- solar sails

UNIT III ATTITUDE DYNAMICS, ATTITUDE AND ORBITAL DISTURBANCES 9

Rigid Body Dynamics - Flexible body Dynamics - Slosh Dynamics- disturbing forces due to Drag,
Solar radiation Pressure and forces - Disturbances due to Celestial bodies

UNIT IV ATTITUDE STABILIZATION SCHEMES & ORBIT MANEUVERS 10

Spin, Dual spin - Gravity gradient - Zero momentum system - Momentum Biased system -
Reaction control system - Single and Multiple Impulse orbit Adjustment - Hohmann Transfer-
Station Keeping and fuel Budgeting

UNIT V MISSILE AND LAUNCH VEHICLE GUIDANCE 9

Operating principles and design of guidance laws - homing guidance laws- short range - Medium
range and BVR missiles - Launch Vehicle- Introduction - Mission requirements- Implicit guidance
schemes - Explicit guidance - Q guidance schemes
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the course the students will be able to understand the working principles
of attitude sensors, control actuators used for satellite applications. Students will be able to
comprehend the application of rocket vehicle guidance laws, satellite orbit stabilization
schemes and methods of satellite orbit transfer.

REFERENCES:
1. Marcel J. Sidi, Spacecraft Dynamics and control, A Practical Engineering Approach,
Cambridge University Press.2000
2. Kaplan M, Modern Spacecraft Dynamics and control, Wiley Press, 1979
3. James R Wertz, Spacecraft Attitude Determination and control, Reidel Publications.2001.
4. Vladimir A Chobotov, Spacecraft Attitude Dynamics and Control (Orbit), Krieger
Publishing Company Publishers,1991.
5. Blake Lock, J.H Automatic control of Aircraft and missiles , John Wiley Sons, New York,
1990.
6. Meyer Rudolph X, Elements of Space Technology for Aerospace Engineers, Academic
Press, 1999

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AS7010 VIBRATIONS AND AEROELASTICITY L T P C
3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVE:
To study the effect of time dependent forces on mechanical systems and to get the natural
characteristics of system with more degree of freedom systems.
To study the aeroelastic effects of aircraft wing.

UNIT I SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEMS 10

Introduction to simple harmonic motion, DAlemberts Principle, Free vibrations Damped
vibrations Forced Vibrations, with and without damping support excitation Transmissibility -
Vibration measuring instruments.

UNIT II MULTI DEGREES OF FREEDOM SYSTEMS 10

Two degrees of freedom systems - Static and Dynamic couplings - vibration absorber- Principal
co-ordinates - Principal modes and orthogonal conditions - Eigen value problems - Hamiltons
principle - Lagrangean equations and application.

UNIT III CONTINUOUS SYSTEMS 8

Vibration of elastic bodies - Vibration of strings Longitudinal, Lateral and Torsional vibrations

UNIT IV APPROXIMATE METHODS 9

Approximate methods - Rayleighs method - Dunkerlays method Rayleigh-Ritz method, Matrix
Iteration method.

UNIT V ELEMENTS OF AEROELASTICITY 8

Coupled flexuralTorsional oscillation of beam- Aeroelastic problems - Collars triangle - Wing
Divergence - Aileron Control reversal Flutter Buffeting. Elements of servo elasticity
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the course, students will understand the vibrational and aeroelastic
problems associated with the aircraft wings.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Leonard Meirovitch, Elements of Vibration Analysis McGraw Hill International
Edition,2007
2. G.K.Grover, Mechanical Vibrations, 7th Edition, Nem Chand Brothers, Roorkee, India,
2003
3. Thomson W T, Theory of Vibration with Application - CBS Publishers, 1990.

REFERENCES:
1. William Weaver, Stephen P. Timoshenko, Donovan H. Yound, Donovan H. Young.
Vibration Problems in Engineering John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2001
2. Bisplinghoff R.L., Ashely H and Hogman R.L., Aeroelasticity Addision Wesley
Publication, New Tork, 1983.
3. William W Seto, Mechanical Vibrations McGraw Hill, Schaum Series.
4. TSE. F.S., Morse, I.F., Hinkle, R.T., Mechanical Vibrations Prentice Hall, New York,
1984.
5. Den Hartog, Mechanical Vibrations Crastre Press, 2008.

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