PEMBAGIAN TUGAS BIOFISIKA
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5.1 Longitudinal Stretch and Compression.................... 61
5.2 A Spring 62 5.6 Airbags: Inflating Collision Protection
5.3 Bone Fracture: Energy Considerations.................... 64
5.4 Impulsive Forces...................................................... 66
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7 Fluids ..82
7.1 Force and Pressure in a Fluid.................................... 82
7.2 Pascals Principle....................................................... 83
7.3 Hydrostatic Skeleton................................................. 84
7.4 Archimedes Principle............................................... 87
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8 The Motion of Fluids .101 8.6 Control of Blood Flow..................................... 109
8.1 Bernoullis Equation................................................ 101
8.2 Viscosity and Poiseuilles Law.................................. 103
8.3 Turbulent Flow........................................................ 104
8.4 Circulation of the Blood........................................... 105
8.5 Blood Pressure......................................................... 107
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5 Elasticity and Strength of Materials 61
5.5 Fracture Due to a Fall: Impulsive Force
6 Insect Flight .73
Considerations......................................................... 67
6.1 Hovering Flight................................................... 73
6.2 Insect Wing Muscles.......................................... 75
Devices........... 68
6.3 Power Required for Hovering............................ 76
5.7 Whiplash Injury.................................................. 69
6.4 Kinetic Energy of Wings in Flight........................ 78
5.8 Falling from Great Height................................... 70
6.5 Elasticity of Wings.............................................. 79
5.9 Osteoarthritis and Exercise................................ 70
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7.5 Power Required to Remain Afloat.......................87
7.9 Insect Locomotion on Water............................. 93
7.6 Buoyancy of Fish.................................................88
7.10 Contraction of Muscles.................................... 95
7.7 Surface Tension.................................................. 89
7.11 Surfactants...................................................... 97
7.8 Soil Water........................................................... 92
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9 Heat and Kinetic Theory ..116
8.7 Energetics of Blood Flow................................ 110 9.1 Heat and Hotness............................................. 116
8.8 Turbulence in the Blood................................. 110 9.2 Kinetic Theory of Matter.................................. 116
8.9 Arteriosclerosis and Blood Flow..................... 111 9.3 Definitions........................................................ 119
8.10 Power Produced by the Heart...................... 112 9.3.1 Unit of Heat................................................... 119
8.11 Measurement of Blood Pressure................... 113 9.3.2 Specific Heat.................................................. 119

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9.5 Transport of Molecules by Diffusion........................ 126
9.6 Diffusion through Membranes................................. 128
9.7 The Respiratory System............................................ 129
9.8 Surfactants and Breathing........................................ 132
9.9 Diffusion and Contact Lenses.................................. 133
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11.5 Convection.............................................................. 151
11.6 Radiation................................................................ 153
11.7 Radiative Heating by the Sun................................. 153
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12.3 Hearing and the Ear..................................... ..168
12.3.1 Performance of the Ear....................................... 171
12.3.2 Frequency and Pitch............................................ 172
12.3.3 Intensity and Loudness........................................ 173
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10 Thermodynamics .135
10.1 First Law of Thermodynamics....................... 135
10.2 Second Law of Thermodynamics.................. 137
10.3 Difference between Heat and Other Forms of
Energy.................................................................... 138
10.4 Thermodynamics of Living Systems .......... ...140
10.5 Information and the Second Law................... 143
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11.8 Evaporation................................................... 155
11.9 Resistance to Cold.......................................... 156
11.10 Heat and Soil................................................ 158
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12.4 Bats and Echoes............................................. 175
12.5 Sounds Produced by Animals..........................176
12.6 Acoustic Traps................................................ 176
12.7 Clinical Uses of Sound.................................... 177
12.8 Ultrasonic Waves............................................ 177
9.3.3 Latent Heats.................................................. 120
9.4 Transfer of Heat............................................... 120
9.4.1 Conduction.................................................... 120
9.4.2 Convection.................................................... 121
9.4.3 Radiation....................................................... 122
9.4.4 Diffusion........................................................ 123
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11 Heat and Life 145
11.1 Energy Requirements of People.................... 146
11.2 Energy from Food.......................................... 147
11.3 Regulation of Body Temperature................... 149
11.4 Control of Skin Temperature......................... 151
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12 Waves and Sound ..162
12.1 Properties of Sound........................................ 162
12.2 Some Properties of Waves............................. 165
12.2.1 Reflection and Refraction............................ 165
12.2.2 Interference................................................ 166
12.2.3 Diffraction................................................... 168
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14 Electrical Technology ..200
14.1 Electrical Technology in Biological Research.. 200
14.2 Diagnostic Equipment.................................... 202
14.2.1 The Electrocardiograph............................... 202
14.2.2 The Electroencephalograph........................ 203
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14.3 Physiological Effects of Electricity.......................... 204
14.4 Control Systems..................................................... 206
14.5 Feedback................................................................ 208
14.6 Sensory Aids........................................................... 211
14.6.1 Hearing Aids........................................................ 211
14.6.2 Cochlear Implant................................................. 211
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15.9 Resolving Power of the Eye.................................... 223
15.10 Threshold of Vision............................................... 225
15.11 Vision and the Nervous System............................ 226
15.12 Defects in Vision................................................... 227
15.13 Lens for Myopia................................................... 229
15.14 Lens for Presbyopia and Hyperopia..................... 229
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16.5 X-rays...................................................................... 249
16.6 X-ray Computerized Tomography........................ 250
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15 Optics ....214 15.5 Eye and the Camera..................................... 217
15.1 Vision.............................................................. 214
15.2 Nature of Light............................................... 215
15.3 Structure of the Eye....................................... 215
15.4 Accommodation............................................. 216
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15.15 Extension of Vision....................................... 229
15.15.1 Telescope.................................................. 230
15.15.2 Microscope............................................... 231
15.15.3 Confocal Microscopy................................. 232
15.15.4 Fiber Optics............................................... 235
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16.7 Lasers............................................................ 252
16.7.1 Lasers Surgery.................................. 253
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15.5.1 Aperture and Depth of Field..................... 218
15.6 Lens System of the Eye................................. 219
15.7 Reduced Eye................................................. 220
15.8 Retina................................................. ...222
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16 Atomic Physics 239
16.1 The Atom....................................................... 239
16.2 Spectroscopy.................................................. 244
16.3 Quantum Mechanics...................................... 246
16.4 Electron Microscope...................................... 247
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