Name of Work : Widening, Strengthening & Construction of C.C.

Pavement on Kalwar- Jobner-Pachkodiya-

Kuchaman-Nagaur Road (SH-2C) Km. 50/0 to 68/0 (from 4.00 to 7.00mtr width)
(Patchkodiya, 50/0- Manda Bhim Singh, 57/500 -Bhaislana, 60/800 -Bhadwa, 65/0 -

CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN

(As per IRC :58-2002)
Step -1 Design Parameters:
(a) Location of Pavement : Rajasthan
Class of Road : SHW / MDR
Concrete Grade (fck) = : M-40
Charaterstic strength of Concrete Grade (f ck) = M-40 N/mm2
(b) Corresponding Flexural Strength of Concrete(fcr) = : 44 kg/cm2
(c) CBR value of soil subgrade of Pavement = : 13.4 %
(d) Modulus of elasticity of Concrete (E) 300000 kg/cm2
(e) Poisson's Ratio of Concrete (m) : 0.15
(f) Coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete (a) : 1E-05 /oC
(g) Design Tyre Pressure : 8 kg/cm2
(h) Contraction joint spacing (L) : 3.50 metres
(i) Lane Width (W) : 3.50 metres
(j) Present Traffic Intensity : 1437 CVPD
(k) 98th Percentile load = : 16 tonnes
(l) Wheel load (P) = : 8 tonnes
(m) Design Life : 20 Years
(n) Traffic Growth rate (r) = : 7.50%
(o) Axle load spectrum as per axle load survey
Single axle loads Tandem axle loads

Axle % of Axle % of
load axle load axle
class (t) loads class (t) loads
19-21 0.60 34-38 0.10
17-19 1.20 30-34 0.30
15-17 4.20 26-30 0.60
13-15 6.20 22-26 1.00
11-13 18.40 18-22 1.20
9-11 25.40 14-18 1.80
Less than
Less than 9 37.00 14 2.00
Total = 93.00 Total = 7.00
DESIGN
1 Subgrade & Subbase :
The CBR value of soil subgrade of pavment base (%) = 13.4
Corresponding Modulus of Subgrade reaction of the sub grade (K) (Table-2, IRC 5 = 5.98 kg/cm2/cm
As the modulus of subgrade reaction is less than 6, so
Provide DLC /PCC sub base
Effective k- value (kg/cm2/cm) over 100mm DLC = 35.348 kg/cm2/cm

2 Cummulative repetitions in design life =

C = [365 x A x {(1+r)n -1}] / r
C = [ 365 x 1437 x {(1 + 0.075 )^20 -1}] / 0.075 22713522 CVs
Design Traffic = 25% of total repitition of commercial vehicles
= 25% of 22713522 5678380 CVs
 3 Total repititions of single axle & tandom axle loads are as follows :
Single axle loads Tandem axle loads

Axle % of Axle % of
load axle load axle
class (t) loads class (t) loads
20 34070 36 5678
18 68141 32 17035
16 238492 28 34070
14 352060 24 56784
12 1044822 20 68141
10 1442309 16 102211
Less than Less than
10 2101001 16 113568

Step -3 Load stress for edge region :

Select tentative design thickness of pavement slab
h 33.00 cms.
Road Classification State Highway Highway
Load Safety factor (LSF) = 1.20
Effective k- value (kg/cm2/cm) over 100mm DL 35.35 kg/cm2/cm
Corresponding Flexural Strength of Concrete(f cr) = 44.00 kg/cm2
l = [ Eh3 / {12(1-m2)K}]1/4 = 71.41 cms.
a = (0.8521 (P/qp ) +S/p (P/(0.5227 x q)) ) 0.5 0.5
26.51 cms.
=a/h = 0.80 i.e. less than 1.725 then
b= (1.60 a + h ) -0.675h
2 2 1/2
24.77 cms.
sle =0.529 P/h2 ( 1+ 0.54m) [ 4 log10 l/b +log10 b -0.4048)

Stress Fatigue
from life
Axle load Design Westergua Stress Expected Fatigue Consume
(AL) load rd Eqn. Ratio ripitition life d = (5) /
tonnes (AL x LSF) (kg/cm2) (SR) (n) (N) (6)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Single axle
20.00 24.00 17.82 0.410 34070 Infinite 0.0000
18.00 21.60 16.04 0.360 68141 Infinite 0.0000
16.00 19.20 14.26 0.320 238492 Infinite 0.0000
14.00 16.80 12.48 0.280 352060 Infinite 0.0000 SR<0.45
12.00 14.40 10.69 0.240 1044822 Infinite 0.0000 N= Unlimimted
10.00 12.00 8.91 0.200 1442309 Infinite 0.0000 0.45 < SR < 0.55

Tandem axle N = [ 4.2577 / (SR-0.4325)]3.268

36.00 43.20 16.04 0.360 5678 Infinite 0.0000 SR>0.55
32.00 38.40 14.26 0.320 17035 Infinite 0.0000 Log10N =(0.9718-SR)/0.0828
28.00 33.60 12.48 0.280 34070 Infinite 0.0000
24.00 28.80 10.69 0.240 56784 Infinite 0.0000
20.00 24.00 8.91 0.200 68141 Infinite 0.0000
16.00 19.20 7.13 0.160 102211 Infinite 0.0000
Cummulative fatigue life consumed = 0.0000

As the Cummulative fatigue life is < 1, the Design is safe from fatugue considerations
Step -4 Temperature stress for edge region :
(a) for Rajasthan Region Dt = 15.8 oC
(b) l = [ Eh3 / {12(1-m2)K}]1/4 = 71.41 cms.
for L/l = 4.901
CL = 0.692
for W/l = 4.901
CW = 0.692
C max 0.692
ste = (EaDt /2) . C = 16.41 kg/cm2

Step -5 Residual Cocrete Strength for Supporting Traffic Loads

fL = fR - ste 27.59 kg/cm2
Which is more than 17.82 kg/cm2 the maximum load stress at highest axle load, hence o.k

Step -8 Corner Load stress

Radius of relative stiffness (l)
l = [ Eh3 / {12(1-m2)K}]1/4 = 71.41 cms.

Radius of area of contact of wheel (a) =

C/C distance between two tyres = 31.00 cms
a = [0.8521 x (P/(q x 3.14) +(S /3.14)x(P/(0.5227xq)^26.52
]
0.5 0.5
cms
stc = 3P /h [ l -{a(2) } /l]
2 1/2 1.2

stc = 11.86 kg/cm2

< fR hence, O.K.
DESIGN OF JOINTS
DESIGN OF DOWEL BARS
DESIGN PARAMETERS
Design Wheel Load (P): 98th percentile load 16 tonne
therefore wheel load = 8 tonne (dual wheel load)
Percentage of load transfer through dowel bar = 40%
Slab thickness (h) 33 cm
Joint width, z 2.0 cm
Radius of relative stiffness, l 71.41 cm
Permissibile bearing stress in concrete, F b =
Fb = [(10.16 - b) fck] / 9.525 =
where, fck = characterstic compresive strength of concrete cube = M-40 N/mm2
or 400 kg/cm2
b = diameter of dowel bar = 32 mm (as per table 8 of IRC-58)
hence,
Fb =
[(10.16 - 3.2) x 400] / 9.525 = 292 kg/cm2
Assumed spacing between dowel bars = 300 mm (as per table 8 of IRC-58)
First dowel is palced at a distance of 15cm from the pavement edge
Assumed length of dowel bar 500 mm (as per table 8 of IRC-58)
Dowel bars upto a distance of 1.0 x radius o relative stiffness from point o load application are effective in load transfer.
Nos. of dowel bars involved in load transfer, when wheel load is just over the dowel bar close to the edge of slab
= 1 + l / spacing = 1 + 71.41 / 30 = 3 dowels
Assuming that the load tansferred by the first dowel is = P t
and
 load on dowel at a disance l from the first dowel to be zero,
then,
the total load transferred by dowel system =

Pt [ 1+( 71.41 -30 )/ 71.41+( 71.41 -60 )/ 71.41]= 2.16 Pt

Load carried by outer dowel bar (Pt) = 40% of design wheel load/ 2 1481.48 kg
Check for Bearing Stress
Moment of Inertia of Dowel bar = p b4/64 = 5.15 cm4
Relative stiffnes of dowel bar embedded in concrete, b

b = [kb/(4EI)]0.25 =[41500 x 3.2 /( 4x 2000000 x 5.15 )]^0 0.238

Bearing stress in dowel bar = (Pt x k) x (2+bz)/4b3EI)

=1481.48 x 41500 x (2+0.238 x 2)/(4 x 0.238^3 x 2000000 x 5 ###
< 292kg/cm2 (allowable bearing stress), hence ok

DESIGN OF TIE BARS

Design Parameters
Slab thickness, h 33 cm
Lane Width, b 3.50 m
Coefficient of Friction, f 1.5
Density of Concrete, kg/m 3
2400 kg/m3
Allowable tensile stress in plain bars (IRC:21-2000) ###
Allowable tensile stress in deformed bars (IRC:21-2000) ###
Allowable bond stress in plain tie bars ###
Allowable bond stress in deformed tie bars ###
Diameter of Tie bar, d 12 mm
Type of Tie Bar (Plain / Deformed) Deformed bars
Spacing & Length of Tie Bar
Area of steel bar per metre width of joint to resist the frictional force at slab bottom
As = bfW/S
where,
As =area of steel in cm2 / metre width of joint
b = lane width in metre
f = coeff. Of friction between pavement & sub base/base (usually 1.5)
W=weight of slab in kg/m2
S =allowable working stress of steel in kg/cm2

As = 3.5 x 1.5 x 0.33 x 2400/2000 ###

Cross sectional area of tie bar, A = =1.2^2 x 3.14 / 4 1.13 cm2

Perimeter of tie bar, P = =1.2 x 3.14 3.77 cm
Spacing of tie bars = A/As =100 x 1.13 /2.079 54.35 cm
Provide tie bars of 12mm dia @ 50cm c/c
Length of tie bar, L

L = 2SxA/(BxP)
where,
L=lengthof tie bar, cm
S=allowable working stress in steel, kg/cm2
A=x-sextional area of one tie bar, cm2
 P=perimeter of tie bas, cm
B= permissible bond stress of concrete, kg/cm2 (17.5/24.6)

L = 2 x 2000x1.13/(24.6x3.77) 48.74 cm
Increase the length by 10cm for loss of bond due to painting & another 5cm for tolerence in placement
Therefore, the length is
48.74 +10.0 + 5.0 63.74 cm
Provide tie bars of 12mm dia of length 70cm each