Section A

UMTS is based on CDMA technology. Name and explain the three main
types of codes used in UMTS.

Explain the three main UMTS Mobility States below

What is Cell DCH, CELL FACH, CELL PCH and URA PCH.

What are the 5 Key Functions of an MME ?

What are the 4 Key functions of an SGW ?
What are the main components of a GUTI UE Identity in LTE.

In the PCC architecture, the PCRF creates and manages PCC rules
and distributes them to the PCEF.
True
False

In the LTE architecture, the X2 interface is used to connect elements of the

E-UTRAN to GERAN/UTRAN nodes.
True
False

Which protocol is used to provide a reliable delivery service to the S1

AP?
a. IP
b. TCP
c. SCTP
d. UDP

Which protocol is used to provide information related to EPS Session

Management and EPS Mobility Management information that is relevant
only to the UE and MME?
a. DTAP
b. Non Access Stratum
c. STPv2-U
d. RRC

Which element of the EPC will the UE send NAS signalling to?
a. PDN-GW
b. PCRF
c. MME
d. S-GW

The LTE specification allows channel bonding to increase overall data rate.
What is the maximum number of channels that can be bonded?
a. 3
b. 2
c. 4
d. 5

ow many subcarriers does the "Guard Band" contain?

a. 4
b. 8
c. 12
d. 16

What is the maximum radio channel bandwidth available in LTE?

a. 15MHz
b. 5MHz
c. 20MHz
d. 10MHz

How many subcarriers can be used for data when the channel size is
5MHz?
a. 300
b. 100
c. 200
d. 400

What is the duration of an LTE subframe?

a. 1ms
b. 20ms
c. 2ms
d. 10ms

What is the primary purpose of the Modify Bearer Request message sent
to the S-GW by the MME as the final part of the Network Attach?
a. Provides the S-GW with the location of the LTE mobile.
b. Provide the S-GW with the TEID and IP address of the eNB.
c. Provides the S-GW with the TEID of the MME.
d. Downloads the IMS subscriber profile to the S-GW.

The Update Location Answer is used to provide the subscriber profile.

True
False

Which message eventually provides the mobile with its IP address?

a. EMM Identification Response
b. GTPv2-C Modify Bearer Request
c. RRC Connection Reconfiguration
d. ESM Activate Default EPS Bearer Context Request

In MME Pooling, which parameters ensure a MME is uniquely identified

in the pool?
a. MMEC
b. MMEGI
c. MMEGUI
d. MMEPI

he NAS Attach Request is transferred to the MME in which S1AP

message?
a. Uplink NAS Transport
b. Downlink NAS Transport
c. Initial UE Message
d. Initial Context Setup Message

Which component of an LTE Authentication Vector is used to derive all of

the keys used for NAS, RRC and UP encryption?
a. RAND
b. AUTN
c. KASME
d. XRES

Where in LTE is the symmetrical key (K) found, from which all other key
material is generated?
a. HSS
b. MME
c. USIM
d. PCRF

Which NAS-EMM message is used to notify the mobile which security

algorithms the network wishes to use?
a. Security Mode Command
b. Information
c. Attach Accept
d. Authentication Request

Which component of an LTE Authentication Vector is required by the

mobile in order to create RES?
a. RAND
b. K
c. KASME
d. AUTN

Which entity creates the key required for user plane encryption?
a. eNB
b. MME
c. SGW
d. PCFF

The TFT determines which EPS bearer uplink/downlink traffic should be

transported on for a given subscriber.
True
False

If a Default EPS Bearer is deactivated, all associated Dedicated EPS bearers

will also be deactivated.
True
False

How is the Dedicated Bearer associated with a Default Bearer?

a. Default Bearer ID
b. Traffic Flow Template
c. TEID
d. Linked Bearer ID

Which of the following elements are capable of deactivating an EPS

Bearer?
a. UE
b. eNB
c. MME
d. PDN-GW

Which GTPv2-C message would be used by the PDN-GW in order to

establish a Dedicated EPS Bearer?
a. Modify Bearer Request
b. Create Dedicated Bearer
c. Create Bearer Request
d. Create Session Request
The Service Request is designed to take the mobile from ECM Idle to ECM
Connected, whilst also establishing all available E-RABs in the E-UTRAN.
True
False

In the Paging procedure, how does the S-GW alert the MME that data has
arrived and needs to be sent to the mobile?
a. GTPv2-C Initial Context Transfer
b. GTPv2-C Downlink Data Notification
c. GTPv2-C Uplink Data Notify
d. GTPv2-C Bearer Modification Request

The Service Request does not define the EPS bearers that the mobile
wishes to have activated.
True
False

n the Service Request procedure, why does the MME send the Initial
Context Setup Request message?
a. This is an S1AP message used to configure the eNB with all active EPS
bearers relative to the mobile, as well as the security information required
for air interface security.
b. This is an S1AP message used to configure the eNB with all active EPS
bearers relative to the mobile.
c. This is a NAS signalling message used to configure the mobile with the
EPS bearers that it has currently available.
d. This is an S1AP message which is used to provide information to the
eNB regarding the mobile's radio capabilities only.

Which message is used on the S11 interface in order to deactivate the E-

RABs?
a. Delete Session Request
b. Release Access Bearers Request
c. Deactivate Bearer Request
d. Delete Bearer Request

n a roaming scenario, which interface connects the Visited MME to the

Home HSS?
a. S6d
b. S6a
c. S6r
d. S6e

When the mobile is in an ECM Idle state, it will conduct the Cell
Reselection procedure.
True
False

Which of the following are recognized handover procedures in LTE?

a. X2 Handover
b. S11 Handover
c. S1 Handover
d. S5 Handover

During an S1 Handover, how is the Target eNB alerted that a handover

procedure needs to be conducted?
a. S1AP Handover Request
b. S1AP Handover Required
c. S1AP Handover Notification
d. S1AP Handover Command

In a roaming scenario, if local breakout is occurring, is the S8 interface

required?
a. No, the S8 interface is not required.
b. Only if the S8 is required to transport Diameter PCC information.
c. Yes, the S8 will be required for user plane traffic.
d. Only if SIP signalling needs to be passed to the home IMS.

In a 2G to 4G Inter RAT Handover, which message is used by the eNB to

notify the MME that the mobile is now under the eNB's control?
a. PS Handover Notification
b. PS Handover Complete
c. Handover Notify
d. PS Handover Response

Which interface allows the MME and SGSN to exchange control

information during an Inter RAT Handover?
a. S4
b. S10
c. S12
d. S3

In a 4G to 3G Inter RAT handover, the MME and SGSN must control the
handover process.
True
False

In a 4G to 3G Inter RAT Handover, which message is used to initiate the

handover process on the S3 interface?
a. PS Handover Command
b. Handover Notification
c. Handover Request
d. Forward Relocation Request

In a 4G to 3G Inter RAT Handover, will there be a requirement to alter the

S5 user plane TEID in any way?
a. Yes, the S5 must be redirected towards the SGSN.
b. Only if the S-GW has been relocated as part of this procedure.
c. No, there will never be a requirement to alter the S5.
d. Only if the PDN-GW has been relocated as part of this procedure.

Which interface is required between the MME and the MSC-S in order
to support CSFB?
a. E
b. Sv
c. SGs
d. Gs

In the Combined Attach, which SGsAP message is used by the MME to

notify the MSC-S that the user is attached to the 4G network?
a. Attach Notification
b. Attach Request
c. Update Location Request
d. Location Update Request

What are the two basic options for facilitating fallback from LTE to
2G/3G?
a. Extended Service Request
b. Fallback Request
c. Redirection
d. Handover

When sending an SMS using CSFB, which SMS protocols are carried by
SGsAP?
a. Control Protocol
b. Transfer Protocol
c. Relay Protocol
d. All SMS protocols are encapsulated within the SGsAP message.

Which message will provide the mobile with its TMSI?

a. Activate Default EPS Bearer
b. Location Update Accept
c. TMSI Reallocation
d. Attach Accept

What is the signalling protocol used to set up a VoLTE call?

a. SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol)
b. Session Initiation Protocol
c. SDP (Session Description Protocol)
d. UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

Before the mobile is able to send VoLTE call establishment signalling,

which IMS procedure must take place?
a. IMS Registration
b. LTE Dedicated Bearer Establishment
c. Presence information exchange
d. IMS Session Establishment

Which message is used to initiate the tear-down of a VoLTE call?

a. GTPv2-C Delete Bearer Request message
b. NAS Bearer Resource Modification message
c. SIP BYE message
d. Diameter RAR message

During VoLTE Call Establishment, how will the PDN-GW be notified that
a Dedicated EPS Bearer must be established?
a. The PCRF will send a RADIUS message
b. The mobile send a SIP Invite request
c. The S-GW will send a GTP message
d. The PCRF will send a Diameter message

What is the name of the Application Server deployed as part of VoLTE

to facilitate supplementary services?
a. TAS - Telephony Application Server
b. IVAS - IMS Voice Application Server
c. VAS - VoLTE Application Server
d. VAS - Voice Application Server

What two identities can is used when establishing a RRC Connection?

a. S-TMSI
b. IMEI
c. IMSI
d. Random Number

Which protocol is below RRC in the protocol stack?

a. RLC
b. PDCP
c. MAC
d. Physical

What is the first RRC message sent from the mobile?

a. RRC Initialization Request
b. RRC Connection Request
c. RRC Start
d. RRC Connection Setup

Which SRB transports secure NAS signalling?

a. SRB0
b. SRB1
c. SRB2
d. SRB3

Which RRC message is used to perform an Intra-LTE handover?

a. Physical Channel Reconfiguration
b. RRC Connection Reconfiguration
c. RRC Handover Request
d. RRC Measurement Report

Why would the UE Context Release message be sent on the X2 interface?

a. Informs the recipient eNB that a handover procedure has failed.
b. Instructs the recipient eNB to remove all S1-MME connections.
c. Instructs the recipient eNB to remove all S1-U connections.
d. Instructs the recipient eNB to remove the UE Context information from
its database.

The SN Status Transfer message is used to convey the sequence number

values of which protocol?
a. X2AP
b. RRC
c. NAS
d. PDCP

Which message is used to initiate the establishment of an X2 connection?

a. X2 Connectivity Request
b. X2 Initiate
c. X2 Setup Request
d. X2 Establishment Request

If an eNB wishes to ascertain information from a neighbouring eNB about

a particular cell, which X2AP message is used?
a. Cell Diagnostic Request
b. Cell Report Request
c. Measurement Report Request
d. Resource Status Request

If an eNB is experiencing significant interference from a neighbouring eNB,

how can this be conveyed?
a. X2 System Warning
b. X2 Interference Flag
c. X2 Load Indication
d. X2 Radio Report

During an X2 Handover, which message is used to convey the new eNB F-

TEID to the EPC?
a. Path Move Request
b. Path Switch Request
c. Path Change Request
d. Path Redirection Request

True or False. The S1 interface handles control traffic only.

True
False

True or False. 3GPP specifications for E-UTRAN are found under the 36.xxx
series of specifications.
True
False

In an S1 Handover, how is radio related information passed between the

source and target eNBs?
a. Radio related information does not need to be sent between eNBs.
b. Source to Target Transparent Container
c. Radio Configuration Message
d. Protocol Configuration Options

Which message is used to initiate the establishment of an X2 connection?

a. S1 Association Establishment
b. S1 Setup Request
c. S1 Establish
d. S1 Initial Message Request

Which parameter in GTP-U is used to multiplex/demultiplex users onto

the same transport network (same port and IP addressing)?
a. Stream ID
b. Connection ID
c. Association ID
d. Tunnel Endpoint ID

Which Transport Layer protocol does GTP use?

a. UDP
b. TCP
c. SCTP
d. DTLS

Which of the following messages would be the first GTPv2-C message you
would expect to see in a paging procedure?
a. Modify Bearer Request
b. Context Request
c. Downlink Data Notification
d. Create Session Request

True or False. The Sequence Number in the GTPv1-U header must always
be sent, regardless of the situation.
True
False

On which of the following interfaces would you encounter GTPv2-C?

a. S10
b. S11
c. S6a
d. S5

How many Detach types can be found in SGsAP?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

If an E-UTRAN connected device sends an SMS, is it required to fall back to

2G/3G in order to conduct the procedure?
a. No, fallback to 2G/3G is not required.
b. Yes, fallback to 2G/3G is necessary.

True or False. If the MME is in the SGs Null state, an SGs association exists
but the association is inactive.
True
False

When sending an SMS using CSFB, which SMS protocols are carried by
SGsAP?
a. Relay Protocol
b. Connection Protocol
c. All SMS protocols are encapsulated within the SGsAP message.
d. Transfer Protocol

Which interface is required between the MME and the MSC-S in order to
support CSFB?
a. E
b. Sv
c. SGs
d. Gs

Which of the following interfaces are Diameter based?

a. Gx
b. S1-MME
c. S6a
d. S10

How many Diameter command codes are found on the Gx interface?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

Which of the following AVPs would typically be used for routing the
Diameter message?
a. Destination Realm
b. Destination Host
c. Request Flag
d. Answer Flag

The payload of a Diameter message is made up of what?

a. All Viable Protocols
b. Attribute Value Pairs
c. Authorization Verification Payload
d. Audio Visual Profile

True or False. The Command Code will identify whether or not the
message is a request or a response.
True
False

Which ESM message is used to convey the APN that the mobile wishes to
connect to?
a. ESM Status
b. ESM Information
c. Bearer Resource Allocation
d. Modify EPS Bearer

In the PDN Connectivity Request message, what will be the initial value of
the EPS Bearer ID?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 4
d. 5

True or False. PCO will often supply the mobile with the address of a
suitable DNS server.
True
False

Which message supplies the mobile with the IP address that it will use
once it is connected to the appropriate PDN?
a. Attach Accept
b. Activate Default EPS Bearer Context Request
c. Attach Complete
d. Activate Default EPS Bearer Context Response

True or False. Deleting the default EPS bearer will have no effect on any
existing dedicated EPS bearers, although new dedicated bearers cannot be
created.
True
False

Which ESM message is used to convey the APN that the mobile wishes to
connect to?
a. ESM Status
b. Modify EPS Bearer
c. Bearer Resource Allocation
d. ESM Information

Which ESM message is used by the mobile to establish a dedicated EPS

bearer?
a. Bearer Resource Allocation
b. Activate Dedicated EPS Bearer Request
c. Modify EPS Bearer
d. PDN Connectivity Request

True or False. The Activate Default EPS Bearer Context Response must
contain a Traffic Flow Template.
True
False

Which ESM message is used by the mobile to establish an initial PDN

connection?
a. Activate Default EPS Bearer Request
b. Attach Request
c. PDN Connectivity Request
d. Bearer Resource Allocation

True or False. PCO will often supply the mobile with the address of a
suitable DNS server.
True
False