Comparison of adjectives in English

Grammatical constructions used for comparing adjectives

There are three forms of comparison:

positive

comparative

superlative

1. Comparison with -er/-est

clean cleaner (the) cleanest

We use -er/-est with the following adjectives:

1.1. Adjectives with one syllable

positive comparative superlative

clean cleaner cleanest

new newer newest

cheap cheaper cheapest

1.2. Adjectives with two syllables and the following endings:

1.2.1. Adjectives with two syllables, ending in -y

positive comparative superlative

dirty dirtier dirtiest

easy easier easiest

happy happier happiest

pretty prettier prettiest

1.2.2. Adjectives with two syllables, ending in -er

positive comparative superlative

clever cleverer cleverest

1.2.3. Adjectives with two syllables, ending in -le

positive comparative superlative

simple simpler simplest

1.2.4. Adjectives with two syllables, ending in -ow

positive comparative superlative

narrow narrower narrowest

1.3. Spelling of the adjectives using the endings -er/-est

positive comparative superlative comment

large larger largest leave out the silent -e

big bigger biggest

Double the consonant after short
vowel
sad sadder saddest
positive comparative superlative comment

dirty dirtier dirtiest Change -y to -i (consonant before -y)

Here -y is not changed to -i.

shy shyer shyest
(although consonant before -y)

2. Comparison with more most

all adjectives with more than one syllable (except some adjectives with two
syllables see 2.1. to 2.4.)

positive comparative superlative

difficult more difficult (the) most difficult

3. Irregular adjectives

positive comparative superlative comment

good better best

bad worse worst

positive comparative superlative comment

much more most uncountable nouns

many more most countable nouns

little less least

little smaller smallest

4. Special adjectives

Some adjectives have two possible forms of comparison (-er/est and more/most).

positive comparative superlative

clever cleverer / more clever cleverest / most clever

common commoner / more common commonest / most common

likely likelier / more likely likeliest / most likely

positive comparative superlative

pleasant pleasanter / more pleasant pleasantest / most pleasant

polite politer / more polite politest / most polite

quiet quieter / more quiet quietest / most quiet

simple simpler / more simple simplest / most simple

stupid stupider / more stupid stupidest / most stupid

subtle subtler / more subtle subtlest / most subtle

sure surer / more sure surest / most sure

5. Difference in meaning with adjectives

positive comparative superlative comment

far farther farthest distance

positive comparative superlative comment

distance or
further furthest
time

later latest

late latter x

x last

older oldest people and things

old

elder eldest people (family)

nearer nearest distance

near

x next order

Sentences with comparisons in English

 1. something is similar A=B

Our car is as fast as Peter's car.

2. something is not similar AB

2.1. Use not as ... as (to say that something is not similar)

John's car is not as fast as our car. (AB)

2.2. Use than (to say that something is bigger or smaller)

Our car is faster than John's car. (A>B)

John's car is slower than our car. (A<B)

NOTE!

Peter is taller than me. (informal)

Peter is taller than I am. (formal)

Max is as tall as me. (informal)

Max is as tall as I am. (formal)

Do not mix up than with then.

When do we use then and than?

Word Explanation Example

then (1) at a time in the past or (1) They have not visited her friends
Word Explanation Example

future since then.

(2) next (2) First I get up, then I have breakfast.

(3) He had a cup of coffee, and then two

(3) additional information
glasses of milk.

(4) If you fail that test, then you'll be

(4) logical result
suspended.

than comparison of two things The yellow car is faster than the black one.