A coin game

One of the simplest and most basic of all algebraic structures is the group. The term
group was coined by Galois about 150 years ago to describe sets of one-to-one functions
on finite sets that could be grouped together to form a closed set.

Definition. Binary operation

Let G be a set. A binary operation on G is a function that assigns each ordered pair of
element of G an element of G.

Definition. Group

Let G be a nonempthy set together with the binary operation that assigns to each
ordered pair (a,b) of elements of G an element in G denoted by an. We say G is a group
under this operation if the following 3 properties ar satisfied.

1. Assosiativity. That is (ab)c = a(bc) for all a, b, c in G

2. Identity. There is an element e in G such that ae = ea = a for all a in G

3. Inverses. For each element in G, there is an element b in G such that ab =

ba = e.

In the daily life, many apllication of group can be found. Group theory can be found in
the many games. In this paper, we will discusse one of the apllications of group theory
in the game. That is in the coin game.

A B
Imagine two coins on table, at position A and B with initial position picture are at on the
top of both coins. In this game there are eight possible moves:

M1: Flip over the coin at A. M5: Flip coin at A; then switch.

M2: Flip over the coin at B. M6: Flip coin at B; then switch

M3: Flip over both coins. M7: Flip both coins; then switch

M4: Switch the coins. I : Do not change anything

We may consider an operation on the set {I, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7}, which
consists of performing any two moves in succession.

For example:

If we switch coins, then flip over the coin at B, this is the same as first flipping over the
coin at A then switching:

M4*M2 = M1*M4 = M5

If G = {I, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7 } and * is the operation we have just describes, so
we can write the table of (G,*).

I M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7
I I M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7
M1 M1 I M3 M2 M5 M4 M7 M6
M2 M2 M3 I M1 M6 M7 M4 M5
M3 M3 M2 M1 I M7 M6 M5 M4
M4 M4 M6 M5 M7 I M2 M1 M3
M5 M5 M7 M4 M5 M1 M3 I M2
M6 M6 M4 M7 M6 M2 I M3 M1
M7 M7 M5 M6 M4 M3 M1 M2 I