Assignment-3 Alok Kumar

Roll-No.-1521ME15

Conformal Mapping Joukowski transform

Conformal Mapping

A conformal mapping is performed through the transformation of a complex function from

one coordinate system to another. A transformation function is applied to the original
function to perform the mapping. For aerodynamics applications the Joukowski transform
is the most commonly used function;

2
=+

Here, b is a constant. Graphically, a conformal mapping will transform a complex plane

in ( = + ) into a complex plane in a new variable = + .

In the diagram a uniform flow in the z plane is transformed into an equivalent form in the
z=aei w=z+b2/z
10 20

8
15
6
10
4

2 =b 5
y(imag)

v (imag)

0 0

-2
-5 2 2
-4
-10
-6

-8 -15

-10 -20
-10 -5 0 5 10 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25
x (real) u (real)

w plane using a transform of the form w = f(z). As an example consider a circle drawn in
the z plane, z = bei. The Joukowski transform maps the circle into a flat plate as shown
in Fig.1

Fig.1 Joukowski transform of circle into a straight line ( = = 10).

A circle of radius b is mapped into a straight line in the w plane entirely on the real axis
between -2b and 2b. If a uniform flow had been drawn over the circle, the transform would
have mapped that flow into the flow over a flat plate in the w plane. If the circle originally
 z=aei w=z+b2/z
10 15

8
10
6

4
5
2

v (imag)
y(imag)

0 0

-2 2 2
-5
-4

-6
-10
-8

-10 -15
-10 -5 0 5 10 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
x (real) u (real)

had a radius slightly larger than the transform constant , = b, with a > b, the circle
would have formed an ellipse (Fig.2)

Fig.2 Joukowski transform of circle into a ellipse ( > = 10, = 5).

Joukowski Airfoils
From an aerodynamics point of view, the most interesting application of the Joukowski
z=aei-eb
10 w=z+b2/z
15
8

6 10

4
5
2
v (imag)
y(imag)

0 0

-2

-4
-5
2 2
-6
-10

-8

-15
-10 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10
x (real) u (real)

transform is to an offset circle. If we consider a circle slightly offset from the origin along
the negative real axis, one obtains a symmetric Joukowski airfoil (Fig.3). The equation of
the offset circle is = where the constant e is a small number.

Fig.3 Joukowski transform of offset circle into a symmetric Joukowski airfoil ( >
= 10, = 8, = 0.2).
 z=aei-eb+i[b(e+1)tan o)]
15
w=z+b2/z w=z+b2/z
15
12

10 10
=5 =5.2
8 10

v (imag)
5

v (imag)
y(imag)

4 5

2

0 0 0
-2 2 2
2
-5 -4 2 -5
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
-6
= 10, = 20, = 0.5 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 u (real)
u (real)
-10e=0.5
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10
x (real)

w=z+b2/z w=z+b2/z w=z+b2/z

15 15 15

=6 =5.8 =5.6
10 10 10

v (imag)
v (imag)

v (imag)
5 5 5

0 0 0

2 2 2b 2 2b 2
-5 -5 -5
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
u (real) u (real) u (real)

.
Fig.4 Joukowski transform of offset circle into asymmetric Joukowski airfoil (cambered
airfoil shape). For each case a=10, = 20 and e=0.5 have been taken however b varies
from 5 to 6.

If the cylinder is displaced slightly along the complex axis as well, one obtains a cambered
airfoil shape. Here (Fig.4), the points A and B are the intercepts of the displaced circle on
axis and their corresponding points in the transformed plane. The angle is the
the real
angle formed by the line joining the point A (or B) and the origin with the real axis. If lifting
flow about the original circle had been imposed, the Joukowski transformation would have
generated a lifting flow about the Joukowski airfoil;

The following code has been implemented in Matlab to obtain various conformal
mappings.

clear all
clc
a=10;
e=.2;
q=20;
k=0;
b=8;
for b=5:.2:6.6
k=0;
for theta=-180:0.01:180
k=k+1;
T(k)=theta;
z(k)=a*exp(1i*theta)-e*b+(1i*(b*(e+1)*tand(q)));
w(k)=z(k)+(b^2/z(k));
x(k)=real(z(k));
y(k)=imag(z(k));
X(k)=real(w(k));
Y(k)=imag(w(k));
end
figure
plot(X,Y,'r','LineWidth',1.5);
grid on
daspect([1,1,1]);
title('w=z+b^2/z','FontSize', 12);
set(gcf,'Color',[1,1,1]);
xlabel('u (real)', 'FontSize', 12,'Color', [0 0 0]);
ylabel('v (imag)', 'FontSize', 12,'Color', [0 0 0]);
end
figure
plot(x,y,'b','LineWidth',1.5);
grid on
daspect([1,1,1]);
title('z=ae^i^\theta-eb','FontSize', 12);
set(gcf,'Color',[1,1,1]);
xlabel('x (real)', 'FontSize', 12,'Color', [0 0 0]);
ylabel('y(imag)', 'FontSize', 12,'Color', [0 0 0]);