East African Orogeny

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The East African and Kuungan orogens

East African Orogeny is the Neoproterozoic orogeny that affects the East African
Orogen.[1] The orogeny evolved from an accretionary orogeny involving the
amalgamation of arcs and evolved into a collisional orogeny when the Neoproterozoic
continent Azania[2] collided with the Congo-Tanzania-Bangweulu Block at ~640 Ma.[3]
The orogeny is the earlier of two orogenies that affects the East African Orogen[4]
and is followed by the Ediacaran-Cambrian Kuunga Orogeny.[4]

The East African orogeny resulted in the formation of an enormous mountain chain,
known as the Transgondwanan Supermountain, which was more than 8,000 km (5,000 mi)-
long and 1,000 km (620 mi)-wide. The sedimentary deposition from this mountain
chain, known as the Gondwana Super-fan, exceeded 1,000,000 km3 (240,000 cu mi) or
the equivalent to covering the U.S.A. with c. 10 km (6.2 mi) of sediment, lasted
for 260 million years and coincided with the Cambrian explosion, the sudden
radiation of life on Earth c. 550 Ma. These unprecedented sedimentary depositions
probably made the evolution of early life possible.[5]

References[edit]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Stern, R. J. (1994) Neoproterozoic (900-550 Ma) Arc Assembly and
continental collision in the East African Orogen. Annual Review of Earth and
Planetary Sciences, 22, 319-351
Jump up ^ Collins, A.S. and Windley B.F. (2002). The Tectonic Evolution of Central
and Northern Madagascar and its place in the Final Assembly of Gondwana. The
Journal of Geology, 110 325-340.
Jump up ^ Collins, A.S. and Pisarevsky S.A. (2005). Amalgamating eastern Gondwana
The evolution of the Circum-Indian Orogens. Earth Science Reviews. 71 229-270.
^ Jump up to a b Meert, J.G. (2003). A synopsis of events related to the assembly
of eastern Gondwana, Tectonophysics, Volume 362, pp. 1-40.
Jump up ^ Squire et al. 2006, Abstract
Sources[edit]
Squire, R. J.; Campbell, I. H.; Allen, C. M.; Wilson, C. J. (2006). Did the
Transgondwanan Supermountain trigger the explosive radiation of animals on Earth
(PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 250 (1) 116133.
doi10.1016j.epsl.2006.07.032. Retrieved 11 September 2017.

[hide] v t e
Major African geological formations
Plates
African Plate Somali Plate Madagascar Plate Seychelles Plate
Cratons and shields
Arabian-Nubian Shield Congo Craton Kaapvaal Craton Kalahari Craton Saharan
Metacraton Tanzania Craton Tuareg Shield West African Craton Zimbabwe Craton
Shear zones
Aswa Dislocation Broodkop Shear Zone Central African Shear Zone Chuan Shear Zones
Foumban Shear Zone Kandi Fault Zone Mwembeshi Shear Zone Todi Shear Zone Western
Meseta Shear Zone
Orogens
Alpide Orogen Cape Fold Belt Damara Orogen East African Orogen Eburnean Orogen
Gondwanide Orogen Kibaran Orogen Kuunga Orogen Mauritanide Belt Pan-African orogens
Terra Australis Orogen
Rifts
Afar Triangle Anza trough Bahr el Arab rift Benue Trough Blue Nile rift East
African Rift Gulf of Suez Rift Lamu Embayment Melut Basin Muglad Basin Red Sea Rift
Sangha Aulacogen Atbara rift White Nile rift
Sedimentary basins
Angola Basin Aoukar Blue Nile Basin Chad Basin Congo Basin Douala Basin El Djouf
Foreland Karoo Basin Gabon Basin Iullemmeden Basin Kufra Basin Murzuq Basin Niger
Delta Basin Ogaden Basin Orange River basin Ouled Abdoun Basin Owambo Basin Reggane
Basin Rio del Rey Basin Sirte Basin Somali Coastal Basin Taoudeni basin Tanzania
Coastal Basin Tindouf Basin Turkana Basin
Mountain ranges
Ar Mountains Atlas Mountains Aurs Mountains Bambouk Mountains Blue Mountains
Cameroon line Central Pangean Mountains Chaillu Mountains Drakensberg Ethiopian
Highlands East African mountains Great Escarpment Great Karas Mountains Guine
forestire Imatong Mountains Jebel Uweinat Loma Mountains Mandara Mountains Marrah
Mountains Mitumba Mountains Nuba Mountains Rif Mountains Rwenzori Mountains
Sankwala Mountains Serra da Leba Serra da Chela Teffedest Mountains Tibesti
Mountains
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Categories Tectonics stubsGeology of AfricaNeoproterozoic AfricaNeoproterozoic
orogenies
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