9/14/2017 Types of Chopper Circuits - Type A, Type B, Type C, Type D, Type E

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Types of Chopper Circuits
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circuits)
john July 27, 2017 12 Comments

In power electronicschopper circuits (http://www.circuitstoday.com/choppers-an-introduction), unidirectional power semiconductors are used. If

these semiconductor devices are arranged appropriately, a chopper can work in any of the four quadrants. we can classify chopper circuits
according to their working in any of these four quadrants as type A, type B, type C, type D and type E. Let us now take a look of these
classi cations and the characteristics of various classi cations.

Type A Chopper or FirstQuadrant Chopper

This type of chopper is shown in the gure. It is known as rst-quadrant chopper or type A chopper. When the chopper is on, v0 = VS as a result
and the current ows in the direction of the load. But when the chopper is off v0 is zero but I0 continues to ow in the same direction through
the freewheeling diode FD, thus average value of voltage and current say V0 and I0 will be always positive as shown in the graph.

(http://www.circuitstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Chopper-First-Quadrant.jpg)
Chopper First Quadrant

In type A chopper the power ow will be always from source to the load. As the average voltage V0 is less than the dc input voltage Vs

Type B Chopper or Second-Quadrant Chopper

(http://www.circuitstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Chopper-Second-Quadrant.jpg)
Chopper Second Quadrant

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9/14/2017 Types of Chopper Circuits - Type A, Type B, Type C, Type D, Type E

In type B or second quadrant chopper the load must always contain a dc source E . When the chopper is on, v0 is zero but the load voltage E
drives the current through the inductor L and the chopper, L stores the energy during the time Ton of the chopper . When the chopper is off , v0
=( E+ L . di/dt ) will be more than the source voltage Vs . Because of this the diode D2 will be forward biased and begins conducting and hence
the power starts owing to the source. No matter the chopper is on or off the current I0 will be owing out of the load and is treated negative .
Since VO is positive and the current I0 is negative , the direction of power ow will be from load to source. The load voltage V0 = (E+L .di/dt )
will be more than the voltage Vs so the type B chopper is also known as a step up chopper .

Type -C chopper or Two-quadrant type-A Chopper

Type C chopper is obtained by connecting type A and type B choppers in parallel. We will always get a positive output voltage V0 as the
freewheeling diode FD is present across the load. When the chopper is on the freewheeling diode starts conducting and the output voltage v0
will be equal to Vs . The direction of the load current i0 will be reversed. The current i0 will be owing towards the source and it will be
positive regardless the chopper is on or the FD conducts. The load current will be negative if the chopper is or the diode D2 conducts. We can
say the chopper and FD operate together as type-A chopper in rst quadrant. In the second quadrant, the chopper and D2 will operate together
as type B chopper.

(http://www.circuitstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Chopper-Two-Quadrant.jpg)
Chopper Two Quadrant

The average voltage will be always positive but the average load current might be positive or negative. The power ow may be life the rst
quadrant operation ie from source to load or from load to source like the second quadrant operation. The two choppers should not be turned on
simultaneously as the combined action my cause a short circuit in supply lines. For regenerative braking and motoring these type of chopper
con guration is used.

Type D Chopper or Two-Quadrant Type B Chopper

(http://www.circuitstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Two-Quadrant-Type-B-chopper-or-D-chopper-
Circuit.jpg)
Two Quadrant Type B chopper or D Chopper Circuit

The circuit diagram of the type D chopper is shown in the above gure. When the two choppers are on the output voltage v0 will be equal to Vs
. When v0 = Vs the two choppers will be off but both the diodes D1 and D2 will start conducting. V0 the average output voltage will be
positive when the choppers turn-on the time Ton will be more than the turn off time Toff its shown in the wave form below. As the diodes and
choppers conduct current only in one direction the direction of load current will be always positive.

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9/14/2017 Types of Chopper Circuits - Type A, Type B, Type C, Type D, Type E

(http://www.circuitstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Positive-First-Quadrant-Operation-and-
Negative-Fourth-Quadrant-Operation.jpg)
Positive First Quadrant Operation and Negative Fourth Quadrant Operation

The power ows from source to load as the average values of both v0 and i0 is positive. From the wave form it is seen that the average value
of V0 is positive thus the forth quadrant operation of type D chopper is obtained.

From the wave forms the Average value of output voltage is given by
V0= (Vs Ton-VsToff)/T = Vs.(Ton-T off)/T

Type E chopper or the Fourth-Quadrant Chopper

Type E or the fourth quadrant chopper consists of four semiconductor switches and four diodes arranged in antiparallel. The 4 choppers are
numbered according to which quadrant they belong. Their operation will be in each quadrant and the corresponding chopper only be active in
its quadrant.

(http://www.circuitstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/E-type-Chopper-Circuit-diagram-with-load-emf-
E-and-E-Reversed.jpg)
E-type Chopper Circuit diagram with load emf E and E Reversed

First Quadrant

During the rst quadrant operation the chopper CH4 will be on . Chopper CH3 will be off and CH1 will be operated. AS the CH1 and CH4 is on
the load voltage v0 will be equal to the source voltage Vs and the load current i0 will begin to ow . v0 and i0 will be positive as the rst
quadrant operation is taking place. As soon as the chopper CH1 is turned off, the positive current freewheels through CH4 and the diode D2 .
The type E chopper acts as a step- down chopper in the rst quadrant.

Second Quadrant

In this case the chopper CH2 will be operational and the other three are kept off. As CH2 is on negative current will starts owing through the
inductor L . CH2 ,E and D4. Energy is stored in the inductor L as the chopper CH2 is on. When CH2 is off the current will be fed back to the
source through the diodes D1 and D4. Here (E+L.di/dt) will be more than the source voltage Vs . In second quadrant the chopper will act as a
step-up chopper as the power is fed back from load to source

Third Quadrant

In third quadrant operation CH1 will be kept off , CH2 will be on and CH3 is operated. For this quadrant working the polarity of the load should
be reversed. As the chopper CH3 is on, the load gets connected to the source Vs and v0 and i0 will be negative and the third quadrant
operation will takes place. This chopper acts as a step-down chopper

Fourth Quadrant

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 9/14/2017 Types of Chopper Circuits - Type A, Type B, Type C, Type D, Type E

CH4 will be operated and CH1, CH2 and CH3 will be off. When the chopper CH4 is turned on positive current starts to ow through CH4, D2 ,E
and the inductor L will store energy. As the CH4 is turned off the current is feedback to the source through the diodes D2 and D3 , the operation
will be in fourth quadrant as the load voltage is negative but the load current is positive. The chopper acts as a step up chopper as the power is
fed back from load to source.

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Categories: Power Electronics (http://www.circuitstoday.com/category/power-electronics)

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COMMENTS oo
m
m
monavvar //
July 6, 2015 pp
li

thanks. lc
-1
f6
(http://www.circuitstoday.com/types-of-chopper-circuits?replytocom=492878#respond)
Reply
m
f
abdul basit adil
-8
May 27, 2015
d4
ea
hi. i wants to know is there any use of chopper to be used as AC step up?
m
-
oi

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9/14/2017 Types of Chopper Circuits - Type A, Type B, Type C, Type D, Type E

dn
curio

(http://www.circuitstoday.com/types-of-chopper-circuits?replytocom=475076#respond)
Reply
us
April 8, 2015
lt
ar
helped a lot
tu
oc

(http://www.circuitstoday.com/types-of-chopper-circuits?replytocom=441153#respond)
Reply
rt

Rudra Kumar Mishra -i

December 12, 2014 co
in
r-
Very good content
cs
ue
(http://www.circuitstoday.com/types-of-chopper-circuits?replytocom=316779#respond)
Reply
it
ahmad (http://typesofchoppercircuit) t-
August 24, 2014
)c
o

thinks to you n
t
i
(http://www.circuitstoday.com/types-of-chopper-circuits?replytocom=169427#respond)
Reply
n
RAM SHARAN SINGH KUSHWAHA
u
November 10, 2013
e
d
EVERYTHING IS HERE FANTASTIC SITE THANKS )

(http://www.circuitstoday.com/types-of-chopper-circuits?replytocom=103009#respond)
Reply
leader
July 17, 2013

Design the voltage commutated chopper circuit for operating the 42 volts battery powered electric car with starting current of 35 A

(http://www.circuitstoday.com/types-of-chopper-circuits?replytocom=95703#respond)
Reply
Tilkii (http://www.tilkii.com/)
June 17, 2013

Thanks.

(http://www.circuitstoday.com/types-of-chopper-circuits?replytocom=95045#respond)
Reply
Vince (http://www.hispavila.com)
November 11, 2012

I need your permission to use the document for choppers, a use on my website. What we thank you in advance.

(http://www.circuitstoday.com/types-of-chopper-circuits?replytocom=89846#respond)
Reply
Owner (http://www.circuitstoday.com)
March 4, 2014

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OK

(http://www.circuitstoday.com/types-of-chopper-circuits?replytocom=124039#respond)
Reply
lackson kasekwa (http://lacksonk@yahoo.com)
March 21, 2012

how are you?please,my problem is to know how trace the fault of tv or power supply.and to have a tv circuit

(http://www.circuitstoday.com/types-of-chopper-circuits?replytocom=81893#respond)
Reply
sonu kumar (http://ashok_sonu)
March 6, 2012

thanks

(http://www.circuitstoday.com/types-of-chopper-circuits?replytocom=80919#respond)
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