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RESUMO
1
Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0598158191923872; E-mail: dafalcao@usp.br
2
Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5143709705510737; E-mail: louisaac@icb.usp.br
36 Recebido em 03/10/2008; Aprovado em 28/10/2008.
As deficiências de proteínas do sistema complemento e o desenvolvimento de doenças
ABSTRACT
The Complement System is a complex proteic system which belongs to the humoral
section of the immune response. Among its most important functions is worthy to notice
the microorganisms killing, apoptotic cells and immune complexes clearance and
inflammation. It may be activated trough tree different pathways, classical, alternative and
lectins pathways, which begin from tree different mechanisms and but assemble to a
common terminal pathway and Membrane Attack Complex (MAC) deposition. The
Complement activation by any of the three pathways depends exclusively on the
participation of all the proteins involved in each one of the three pathways. Because of
this, the absence of even one of the proteins associated with the Complement pathways
activation will compromise the activation of this system and also its participation in the
humoral immune system response. The Complement deficiencies are associated with the
presence of homozygous mutations, inherited as autossomic recessive or X-linked pattern
of inheritance. The deficient patients always present severe and recurrent pyogenic
infections and immune complexes diseases. The classical and lectins pathways proteins
deficiencies are associated with pyogenic infections (Staphylococcus e Streptococcus)
and also with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and glomerulonephritis. The alternative
pathway proteins deficiencies are associated with pyogenic infections, glomerulonephritis
and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The terminal proteins deficiencies are associated
with pyogenic infections, mostly by Neisseria.
INTRODUÇÃO
MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS
RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO
C6 e C7 são proteínas de cadeia única, ambas com 115 kDa, de estrutura e função
muito semelhantes. A deficiência de C6 é a segunda mais freqüente entre os caucasianos
(1:60.000), enquanto a de C7 é rara entre caucasianos, mas a segunda mais freqüente
entre japoneses (1:25.000) (MORGAN & WALPORT, 1991). Deficiências isoladas das
C8 uma proteína complexa formada por três cadeias ligadas entre si por ponte
dissulfídica, α (64 kDa) e γ (22 kDa), e por interações não covalentes, β (64 kDa). Cada
cadeia é codificada por um RNA diferente de dois cromossomos diferentes, 1p e 9q. Três
tipos de deficiência de C8 já foram relatados na literatura: pacientes deficientes de cadeia
α-γ, pacientes deficientes de cadeia β e pacientes com cadeia β disfuncional, mas as
características clínicas são idênticas para os três tipos de deficiência dessa proteína
(COLTEN & ROSEN, 1992)
A deficiência congênita de C9 foi descrita pela primeira vez nos anos 70 (KIRA et
al, 1998). É a deficiência do complemento mais comum no Japão, com incidência de um
deficiente a cada mil pessoas (1:1000), mas é rara em outros países (ICHIKAWA et al,
2001).
CONCLUSÕES
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