3 Moment Area

2101-310 Structural Analysis I Method of Moment Area Equations 2101-310 Structural Analysis I Method of Moment Area Equations
Note provided by JRR Page-1 Note provided by JRR Page-2
Method of Moment Area Equations Basic Assumptions (Cont.)

¾ No axial deformation (axially rigid members) Æ no change in length of all members
Introduction L = Lo
¾ Perform deformation analysis of flexure-dominated structures uA = uB
Beams
Frames
¾ Provide equations to determine
Deformed state
Displacement vB
Rotation
B
Undeformed state uB
Deformed state vA
A Lo
Y
uA L
Undeformed state
Undeformed state
Y
Deformed state
X
X
¾ Material behavior
Linearly elastic, i.e. linear stress-strain relation
Basic Assumptions Isotropic, i.e. material properties are directional independent
¾ Small displacement (u,v) and small rotation (θ)
|u/L|, |v/L|, |θ| << 1; L ~ characteristic dimension of the structure
σ
Rotation is approximated by θ = dv/dx
Curvature is approximated by κ = d2v/dx2
¾ Kinematics of the cross section
Plane section remains plane
No shear deformation Æ Plane section always normal to Neutral Axis E = Young Modulus
ε
NA NA
Undeformed state Deformed state ¾ Equilibrium of the structure

Equilibrium equations are set up on undeformed state
Moment Area Equations ¾ First Moment Area Equation
¾ Basic Equations
Kinematics
dθ M
= Moment-Curvature Relationship
2 dx EI
dθ d v
κ= =
dx dx 2
θB
Plane sections remain plane vB
x M
θA v dθ = dx Change of angle over the portion dx
ε = − κy uB EI
y B
vA u
Material behavior
uA
A
σ = Eε
BMD Graphical Interpretation
Equilibrium of the cross section

L
M = EIκ
dx
x
Static equilibrium I is the moment of inertia of the cross section
dθ
B
y
dV dM
=q; =V BMD in terms of applied loads
dx dx
dx
A
Moment-Curvature Relation M/EI diagram

M
dx
EI
L
d 2 v dθ M
= =
dx 2 dx EI
¾ First Moment Area Equation (Cont.) ¾ Second Moment Area Equation
M dθ M
dθ = dx Change of angle over the portion dx = Moment-Curvature Relationship
EI dx EI
Assume no discontinuity of slope
within portion AB (e.g. no hinge)
θB L M
M dθ = dx Change of angle over the portion dx
∫ dθ
θA
= ∫
0
EI
dx Total change of angle over the portion AB EI
Assume small rotation
Area under M/EI diagram over portion AB

⎛M ⎞ dt = deviation of element dx measured
dt = (L − x )dθ = (L − x )⎜ dx ⎟
⎝ EI ⎠ on a normal line at point B
θB − θ A = θB/A = AreaM/EI
AB
1st MOMENT AREA EQUATION
Total change of angle over the portion AB

Graphical Interpretation
L-x
Graphical Interpretation Sign Convention and Remarks
dx dt
¾ θA, θB are positive when they are
θB measured CCW from undeformed x
state dθ
x
¾ θB/A is positive when it is measured
θA θB/A x CCW from tangent line from A
B
y
y B ¾ Sign convention of bending moment
M follows the local coordinate x-y
x A dx
A
M/EI diagram
y M+ M
x dx
M/EI diagram EI
L-x
y
L M-
x L
¾ Second Moment Area Equation (Cont.) ¾ Alternative Second Moment Area Equation
⎛M ⎞ Deviation of element dx measured on a ⎛M ⎞ Deviation of element dx measured on a

dt = (L − x )dθ = (L − x )⎜ dx ⎟ dt = xdθ = x ⎜ dx ⎟
⎝ EI ⎠ normal line at point B ⎝ EI ⎠ normal line at point A
Assume no discontinuity of slope and Assume no discontinuity of slope and

displacement (e.g. hinge&shear release) displacement (e.g. hinge&shear release)
tB L tA L
M M Sum deviation measured on a normal
∫ dt = ∫ EI ⋅ (L − x )dx
Sum deviation measured on a normal
tA 0
line at point B over the portion AB tB
∫ dt = ∫ EI ⋅ xdx
0
line at point A over the portion AB
Moment of area about point B of M/EI Moment of area about point A of M/EI
diagram over a portion AB diagram over a portion AB
(
tB − t A = tB/A = AreaM/EI
AB
⋅ xB ) 2nd MOMENT AREA EQUATION (
t A − tB = t A/B = AreaM/EI
AB
⋅ xA) 2nd MOMENT AREA EQUATION
Relative distance of point B relative to A Relative distance of point A relative to B
Graphical Interpretation Sign Convention and Remarks Graphical Interpretation Sign Convention and Remarks
¾ vA, vB are positive when they direct in ¾ tA/B is positive when vector emanating
positive y-direction θB from point on the tangent line at B to
tB/A point A directs in positive y-direction
¾ tB/A is positive when vector emanating
vB
vB θAL from point on the tangent line at A to ¾ Sign convention of bending moment M
x point B directs in positive y-direction follows same convention shown above
x
θA θBL
B ¾ Sign convention of bending moment M B ¾ x A is the distance along the x-axis
y tA/B
vA and the rotation θA follows the same vA measured from point A to the centroid
convention described above y of M/EI diagram
vA+ θAL
A ¾ xB is the distance along the x-axis A ¾ tA/B, vA, vB, and θB are related to
M/EI diagram
measured from point B to the centroid
of M/EI diagram vB− θBL M/EI diagram
Centroid t A/B = v A − (v B − θB L )
xB Centroid
¾ tB/A, vA, and θA are related to xB
xA L
xA L ¾ Sign convention of vA, vB, θA follows
tB/A = v B − (v A + θ AL ) the same convention shown above
Length Constraint Equation Application of Moment Area and Length Constraint Equations
¾ No Axial Deformation
¾ Summary of Equations
¾ Small Displacement and Rotation
3 independent equations per member
¾ No Change in Length of Member
θB/A = θBAB − θ AB
A = AreaM/EI
AB
L′ = L θBAB
( ) (
tB/A = v BAB − v AAB + θ AABLAB = AreaM/EI
AB
⋅ xB ) v BAB tB/A
x
t A/B = v AB
− (v AB
−θ L
AB
) = (Area )⋅ x
AB
¾ Longitudinal Displacement are Constant

A B B AB M/EI A
θ AB
A u AB
y B B
v AAB
u AB
A = u AB
B
u AAB
u A = u = uB A
tA/B
M/EI diagram
st
1 Moment Area Equation
Centroid
xB
2nd Moment Area Equation xA LAB

Graphical Interpretation Sign Convention and Remarks
¾ L´ is the length of the member AB

measured in the longitudinal direction Length Constraint Equation
of the undeformed state of the member
B´
L´
¾ u is the longitudinal component of the
Remark: The superscript or subscript “AB” is used to emphasize that quantities are associated
displacement at any point with the
with the member AB
member AB
¾ uA, uA, and u are positive when they

uB
x direct in positive x-direction ¾ Kinematical Unknowns
A´ C´
B ¾ The real length of the deformed state 3 unknowns at point A : u AAB , v AAB , and θ AB
y A
u can be approximated by the projected
uA C length L´ provided that displacement 3 unknowns at point B : uBAB , v BAB , and θBAB
and rotation of the member are small
A L
Total 6 unknowns per member
The rotations { θ AB
A , θB } and the transverse components of the displacement { v A , v B }
AB AB AB
st nd
are related by the 1 and 2 moment area equations
The longitudinal components of the displacement { u AAB , uBAB } are related by length
constraint equation
¾ Useful Remarks ¾ Useful Remarks (Cont.)
Remark1: If one of { u AAB , uBAB } is known, the other can be obtained from length Remark5: If there exists a point within the structure where the rotation and the two
components of the displacement are known (e.g. a point at a fixed supports or a point
constraint equation
where their rotation and displacement were already computed), the rotations and
displacements at all other points can be determined from 1st and 2nd moment area
equations and the length constraint equation
One of { u AAB , uBAB } is known Length Constraint Equation
Remark2: If one of { θ AB A , θB } and one of { v A , v B } are known, the other two of

AB AB AB
{ θ A , θB , v A , v B } can be computed from the 1 moment area equation and then

AB AB AB AB st
follow by the 2nd moment area equations
A
One of { θ AB
A , θB } is known
AB
uA=vA=θA=0
1st & 2nd Moment Area
Equations
One of { v AAB , v BAB } is known A
uA=vA=θA=0
Remark3: If { v AAB , v BAB } are known, one of rotations { θ AB

A , θB } is computed from 2
AB nd
moment area equation and the other rotation is obtained from 1st moment area
equations Remark6: A member or a segment used in the calculation must not contain hinge
except at its ends
{ v AAB , v BAB } are known 2nd Moment Area Equations
C D E
1st Moment Area Equations
A C B
Remark4: If all three unknowns are known at one end, other three unknowns at the
B D
other end of the member can be computed from 1st and 2nd moment area equations F
and the length constraint equation A
{ u AAB , v AAB , θ AB
A } are known
1st & 2nd Moment Area
Equations
or 9 Segments AC and CE (contain hinge inside) are not allowed
{ uBAB , v BAB , θBAB } are known 9 Segments AB, BC,CD, and DE (contain hinge at the ends) can be used
Length Constraint Equation
Example 1 Given a statically determinate frame subjected to a concentrated load P as ¾ Obtain BMD and M/EI diagram based on the local coordinate systems
shown in the figure. The Young’s modulus and moment of inertia of the cross section are
constant and denoted by E and I, respectively. Determine the displacements and rotations at P
A, B, C, D, and E. -PL/EI
E D
-PL/EI
P Y
4PL/3EI
D
PL/3EI
E A C
RAX=0 X
Y B
L
RAY=2P/3 RCY=P/3
A C
X
B
¾ Sketch Qualitative Elastic Curve
L L L
E D
Solution
A B C
¾ Define local coordinate systems for the segments ABC, BD and DE
D ¾ Start at segment AC since 3 quantities are already known (uA = vA = 0 & vC = 0)

x,y
E
E D Length Constraint Equation
y
y uCAC = u AAC = 0
A C
x
B A B C
θ AC x 2nd Moment Area Equation
x A
θ
AC
C
θC/A
tC/A
( ) (
tC/A = v CAC − v AAC + θ ALAC = AreaM/EI
AC
)
⋅ xC
¾ Compute support reactions from static equilibrium equations (i.e. ΣFX = ΣFY = ΣM = 0)
(
0 − 0 + θ AC )
A (3L ) =
1 ⎛ 4PL ⎞
⎜
⎛
⎟(2L )⎜ L +
2 ⎝ 3EI ⎠
2L ⎞
⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠
P
1 ⎛ PL ⎞ ⎛ 2L ⎞ 7PL3
+ ⎜ ⎟(L )⎜ ⎟ =
D 2 ⎝ 3EI ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠ 3EI
E 7PL2 7PL2
θ AC
A = − =
Y 9EI 9EI
1st Moment Area Equation
A C
RAX=0 X ⎛ 7PL2 ⎞ 1 ⎛ 4PL ⎞ 1 ⎛ PL ⎞ 3PL2
B θC/A = θCAC − θ AC
A = AreaM/EI
θCAC − ⎜⎜ − ⎟⎟ = ⎜ ⎟(2L ) + ⎜ ⎟(L ) =
AC
⎝ 9EI ⎠ 2 ⎝ 3EI ⎠ 2 ⎝ 3EI ⎠ 2EI

RAY=2P/3 RCY=P/3 13PL2
θC =
AC
18EI
¾ Move to segment AB displacement and rotation at point A are already known

E D
y
tD/B
θB/D
u AAB = 0 2PL3
uDDB = uBDB =
θDB 3EI
θ
DB
D
B
v AAB = 0 A B C
7PL2
θ AB
A = θ AC
A =−
9EI
x θB/D = θDB
B − θD = AreaM/EI
DB DB
5PL2 ⎛ PL ⎞ PL2
− θDB
D = ⎜− ⎟(L ) = −
9EI ⎝ EI ⎠ EI
Length Constraint Equation 14PL2
E D θDB
D =
9EI
uBAB = u AAB = 0
y 2nd Moment Area Equation
⎛ ⎛ 5PL2 ⎞ ⎞ ⎛ PL ⎞ ⎛ L ⎞
( ) ( )
A B C 1st Moment Area Equation PL3
tD/B = v DDB − v BDB − θDB = AreaM/EI ⋅ xD v DDB − ⎜⎜ 0 − ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟(L) ⎟⎟ = ⎜ − ⎟(L )⎜ ⎟ = −
DB
θAB x B LDB
A
⎝ ⎝ 9EI ⎠ ⎠ ⎝ EI ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2EI
θBAB
θB/A 19PL3 19PL3
tB/A θB/A = θBAB − θ AB
A = AreaM/EI
AB
v DDB = − =
18EI 18EI
⎛ 7PL2 ⎞ 1 ⎛ 4PL ⎞ 4PL2
θBAB − ⎜⎜ − ⎟⎟ = ⎜ ⎟(2L ) =
⎝ 9EI ⎠ 2 ⎝ 3EI ⎠ 3EI ¾ Move to segment BD displacement and rotation at point B are already known
2
5PL
θBAB =
9EI 19PL3 Length Constraint Equation
uDED = v DDB = −
18EI
2PL3 19PL3 19PL3
nd v D = −uD = −
ED DB uEED = uDED = − =
2 Moment Area Equation 3EI 18EI 18EI
⎛ ⎛ 7PL2 ⎞ ⎞ 14PL2
( ) ( ) 1 ⎛ 4PL ⎞ ⎛ 2L ⎞
⎟(2L )⎜ ⎟ θD = θD = 1st Moment Area Equation
ED DB
tB/A = v BAB − v AAB + θ AB
A LAB = AreaM/EI ⋅ xB
AB
v BAB − ⎜⎜ 0 + ⎜⎜ − ⎟⎟(2L) ⎟⎟ = ⎜ 9EI
⎝ ⎝ 9EI ⎠ ⎠ 2 ⎝ 3EI ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
8PL 3 θD/E = θED
D − θE = AreaM/EI
ED ED
=
9EI 14PL2 1 ⎛ PL ⎞ PL2
2PL3 2PL3 y − θED
E = ⎜− ⎟(L ) = −
v BAB = − = 9EI 2 ⎝ EI ⎠ 2EI
3EI 3EI E θED
D D
x 37PL2
θD/E
θED
E =
18EI
¾ Move to segment BD displacement and rotation at point B are already known tE/D
θED
E 2nd Moment Area Equation
A B C
uBDB = − v BAB =
2PL3 (
tE/D = v EED − v DED − θED ) (
D LED = AreaM/EI
ED
)
⋅ xE
3EI
⎛ 2PL3 ⎛ 14PL2 ⎞ ⎞ ⎛ PL ⎞ ⎛ 2L ⎞
v BDB = uBAB = 0 v EED − ⎜⎜ − − ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟(L) ⎟⎟ = ⎜ − ⎟(L )⎜ ⎟
5PL2 ⎝ 3EI ⎝ 9EI ⎠ ⎠ ⎝ 2EI ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
θDB
B = θB =
AB
9EI PL3
=−
23PL3 23PL3 3EI
vD = −
DB
=
9EI 9EI
Example 2 Given a statically determinate beam subjected to external loads as shown in the ¾ Sketch Qualitative Elastic Curve
figure. The Young’s modulus E is constant and the moment of inertia of the cross section is
denoted by 2I for a segment AB and by I for segments BC and CD. Determine the relative
rotation at the hinge and the displacements at the end point D.
B C
A D
Y
qL
2q
C
X ¾ Start at segment AB displacement and rotation at point A are already known
A B D
2L 2L L
u AAB = 0
v AAB = 0
Solution
θ AB
A = 0
¾ Local coordinate systems for all segments are the same as the global coordinate
system
y
Y uBAB = u AAB = 0
θB/A
qL
2q A B C
MA=3qL2 x
C
D 1st Moment Area Equation
RAX=0 X
A B D tB/A
θBAB θB/A = θBAB − θ AB
A = AreaM/EI
AB
RAY=3qL/2 RCY=3qL/2
1 ⎛ 2qL2 ⎞ 1 ⎛ qL2 ⎞
θBAB − 0 = ⎜⎜ − ⎟⎟(2L ) + ⎜⎜ ⎟(2L )
3 ⎝ EI ⎠ 2 ⎝ 2EI ⎟⎠
¾ Obtain BMD and M/EI diagram based on the local coordinate systems
5qL3 5qL3
Y θBAB = − =
6EI 6EI
qL
2q
MA=3qL2
C
RAX=0 D
X 2nd Moment Area Equation
A B
1 ⎛ 2qL2 ⎞ ⎛ 3L ⎞
RAY=3qL/2 RCY=3qL/2 (
A LAB ) (
= AreaM/EI
AB
)
⋅ xB v BAB − (0 + (0 )(2L ) ) = ⎜−
3 ⎜⎝ EI
⎟⎟(2L )⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
⎠
1 ⎛ qL2 ⎞ ⎛ 4L ⎞
+ ⎜ ⎟(2L )⎜ ⎟
-qL2/2EI 2 ⎝⎜ 2EI ⎟⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
X
4qL4 4qL4
2
-qL /EI
v BAB = − =
3EI 3EI
-2qL2/EI
¾ Move to segment BC 3 quantities at both ends of segment BC are already known

¾ Move to segment CD displacement and rotation at point A are already known
uBBC = uBAB = 0
4qL4
v BBC = v BAB = − uCCD = uCBC = 0
3EI
v CBC = 0 v CCD = 0
θCD
C = θC = 0
BC

y
uCBC = uBBC = 0 Length Constraint Equation
θC/B
A B tC/B y
x uDCD = uCCD = 0
D 2nd Moment Area Equation θD/C= θCD
θBAB BC C A B D
D
θC x
θBC
( ) ( ) 2nd Moment Area Equation
tD/C
∆θB B
tC/B = v CBC − v BBC + θBC
B LBC = AreaM/EI
BC
⋅ xC C
⎛ 4qL4 ⎞ 1 ⎛ qL2 ⎞ ⎛ 2L ⎞ (
tD/C = v DCD − v CCD + θCD
C LCD ) (
= AreaM/EI
CD
⋅ xD )
0 − ⎜⎜ − ⎟ = 2 ⎜⎜ − EI ⎟⎟(2L )⎜ 3 ⎟
B (2L ) ⎟
+ θBC
⎝ 3EI ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
1 ⎛ qL2 ⎞ ⎛ 2L ⎞
qL3 v DCD − (0 + 0 (L) ) = ⎜− ⎟⎟(L )⎜ ⎟
θB = 2 ⎜⎝ EI
BC
EI ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
qL4 qL4
v DCD = − =
3EI 3EI
2nd Moment Area Equation
qL3 1 ⎛ qL2 ⎞
θC/B = θCBC − θBC
B = AreaM/EI θCBC − = ⎜− ⎟(2L ) 2nd Moment Area Equation
BC
EI 2 ⎜⎝ EI ⎟⎠
θCBC = 0 1 ⎛ qL2 ⎞
θD/C = θCD
D − θC = AreaM/EI θCD
D −0 = ⎜− ⎟⎟(L )
CD CD
2 ⎜⎝ EI ⎠
qL3 qL3
θCD
D =− =
Relative rotation at hinge 2EI 2EI
qL3 ⎛ 5qL3 ⎞
∆θB = θBC
B − θB
AB
∆θB = − ⎜− ⎟⎟
EI ⎜⎝ 6EI ⎠
11qL3
∆θB =
6EI
Example 3 Given a statically determinate frame subjected to external loads as shown in the ¾ Obtain BMD and M/EI diagram based on the local coordinate systems
figure. The Young’s modulus and moment of inertia of the cross section are constant and
denoted by E and I, respectively. Determine the displacements and rotations A, B, C, and D.
4PL/EI
Y 2PL/EI
2PL P
C
C B 2PL/EI B D
D
2L
A A
X
L 2L
¾ Sketch Qualitative Elastic Curve
Solution
¾ Define local coordinate systems for the segments ABC, BD and DE C D

B
y x
B D
x
C
y A
¾ Two components of displacement at point A and the transverse component of

displacement at point D are prescribed equal to zero while the displacement and
rotation at point B and C are still unknowns. Thus, the segments BC and BD contain
Y too many unknowns to be solved by the moment area and length constraint equations.
2PL
D P
C B ¾ By applying Remark1 to the segment AB, we obtain
RDY=2P
RAX=-P A
X
uBAB = u AAB = 0
RAY=-2P
¾ Move to segment BD The transverse components of displacement at both ends of

this segment are already known. By using Remark3, we obtain
y 1st Moment Area Equation

v BD
B = 0 tB/A
B D
C
θB/A = θBAB − θ AB
A = AreaM/EI
AB
v BD
= 0 x
D
θ AB
B
θB/A 8PL2 1 ⎛ 2PL ⎞ 2PL2

− − θ AB
A = ⎜ ⎟(2L ) =
3EI 2 ⎝ EI ⎠ EI
y 2nd Moment Area Equation θAB
A
14PL2 14PL2
θBD θBD
A θ AB
A = − =
B
( ) ( )
B D D 3EI 3EI
C x tB/D = v BBD − v DBD − θBD
D LBD = AreaM/EI
BD
⋅ xB
θD/B
( ) 1 ⎛ 4PL ⎞ ⎛ 2L ⎞ 8PL
3
0 − 0 − θBD
D (2L ) = ⎜ ⎟(2L )⎜ ⎟ =
tB/D
2 ⎝ EI ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠ 3EI
4PL2 2nd Moment Area Equation

θBD
D =
A 3EI
(
A LAB ) (
= AreaM/EI
AB
⋅ xB ) ⎛ ⎛ 14PL2 ⎞
v BAB − ⎜⎜ 0 + ⎜⎜ −
⎞
⎟⎟(2L ) ⎟⎟ = ⎜
1 ⎛ 2PL ⎞ ⎛ 2L ⎞
⎟(2L )⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎝ 3EI ⎠ ⎠ 2 ⎝ EI ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
4PL3
=
3EI
8PL3 8PL3
4PL2 1 ⎛ 4PL ⎞ 4PL2 v BAB = − =
θD/B = θBD
D − θB = AreaM/EI − θBD
B = ⎜ ⎟(2L ) =
BD BD
EI EI
3EI 2 ⎝ EI ⎠ EI
8PL2 8PL2
θBD
B = − =
3EI 3EI ¾ Return to segment BD The longitudinal component of the displacement at point B of
the segment BD is already known; thus, the longitudinal component of the
displacement at point D can be readily computed from the length constraint equation.
¾ Return to segment AB Now, four kinematical quantities of the segment BD are
already known.

u AAB = 0
v AAB = 0
uBAB = 0 8PL3
uDBD = uBBD = −v BAB =
EI
8PL2
θBAB = θBD
B =−
3EI
2101-310 Structural Analysis I Method of Moment Area Equations
Note provided by JRR Page-25
¾ Finally move to segment CB The displacement and rotation at point C are already
known
8PL3
uBCB = uBBD =
EI
v BCB = v BBD = 0
8PL2
θCB
B = θB = −
BD
3EI

y θCB
C
tC/B
8PL3
D uCCB = uBCB =
C B x EI
θB/C θCB
B
2nd Moment Area Equation
(
tC/B = v CCB − v BCB − θCB
B LCB) (
= AreaM/EI
CB
)
⋅ xC
A ⎛ ⎛ 8PL2 ⎞ ⎞ ⎛ 2PL ⎞ ⎛ L ⎞
v CCB − ⎜⎜ 0 − ⎜⎜ − ⎟⎟(L) ⎟⎟ = ⎜ EI ⎟(L )⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎝ 3EI ⎠ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
3
PL
=
11PL3 EI
vC =
CB
3EI

8PL2 ⎛ 2PL ⎞ 2PL2
θB/C = θCB
B − θC = AreaM/EI − − θCB
C = ⎜ ⎟(L ) =
CB CB
3EI ⎝ EI ⎠ EI
14PL2 14PL2
θCB
C = − =
3EI 3EI

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2101-310 Structural Analysis I Method of Moment Area Equations 2101-310 Structural Analysis I Method of Moment Area Equations

Note provided by JRR Page-1 Note provided by JRR Page-2

Method of Moment Area Equations Basic Assumptions (Cont.)

Undeformed state Deformed state ¾ Equilibrium of the structure

Moment Area Equations ¾ First Moment Area Equation

 Equilibrium of the cross section

 Moment-Curvature Relation M/EI diagram

¾ First Moment Area Equation (Cont.) ¾ Second Moment Area Equation

Assume small rotation

Area under M/EI diagram over portion AB

Total change of angle over the portion AB

⎛M ⎞ Deviation of element dx measured on a ⎛M ⎞ Deviation of element dx measured on a

Assume no discontinuity of slope and Assume no discontinuity of slope and

Relative distance of point B relative to A Relative distance of point A relative to B

¾ Longitudinal Displacement are Constant

2nd Moment Area Equation xA LAB

¾ L´ is the length of the member AB

¾ uA, uA, and u are positive when they

¾ Useful Remarks ¾ Useful Remarks (Cont.)

 Remark2: If one of { θ AB A , θB } and one of { v A , v B } are known, the other two of

{ θ A , θB , v A , v B } can be computed from the 1 moment area equation and then

follow by the 2nd moment area equations

 Remark3: If { v AAB , v BAB } are known, one of rotations { θ AB

{ v AAB , v BAB } are known 2nd Moment Area Equations

D ¾ Start at segment AC since 3 quantities are already known (uA = vA = 0 & vC = 0)

⎝ 9EI ⎠ 2 ⎝ 3EI ⎠ 2 ⎝ 3EI ⎠ 2EI

¾ Move to segment AB displacement and rotation at point A are already known

¾ Move to segment BC 3 quantities at both ends of segment BC are already known

Length Constraint Equation

¾ Define local coordinate systems for the segments ABC, BD and DE C D

¾ Two components of displacement at point A and the transverse component of

¾ Move to segment BD The transverse components of displacement at both ends of

y 1st Moment Area Equation

θB/A 8PL2 1 ⎛ 2PL ⎞ 2PL2

4PL2 2nd Moment Area Equation

Length Constraint Equation

Length Constraint Equation

1st Moment Area Equation

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Equilibrium of the cross section

Moment-Curvature Relation M/EI diagram

Remark2: If one of { θ AB A , θB } and one of { v A , v B } are known, the other two of

Remark3: If { v AAB , v BAB } are known, one of rotations { θ AB