Fluid laboratory

Impact of a jet

Aula ahmed naji

Second stage / A / structural
Date of experiment 9-3-2017
Introduction
Throughout the years, engineers have found many ways to use the force that can be
impacted by a jet of fluid on a surface diverting the flow. For example, firemen can make use
of the kinetic energy stored in a water jet to deliver water above the level in the nozzle to
extinguish fires in high-rise building. This enormous amount of kinetic energy produce by
water jets is also used in the industry for cutting metals and debarring. Theres a lot
of technological importance of the water jet that can be cited through its application. This
experiment aims at assessing the different forces exerted by the same water jet on a
different type of vanes. The experiment uses the principal of moment of force to help
measure the force of impact of the water jet by using the product of the clockwise force and
the perpendicular distance will equal the product of the anti clockwise force and
its perpendicular distance and thus the force can be determined. Besides that, the
experiment will help the students compared the results obtained from the experiment with
the theoretical calculations.

Objective: to calculate the force exerted by a fluid jet when it strikes a different targets (flat
plate and a hemispherical cup)

Apparatus:
Impact of a jet apparatus
Steady water supply with a flow control valve
Flow meter
A flat plane and hemispherical cup
Set of calibrated weights
Calculations:
Constant
S=16mm , 0.016m
D=10mm , 0.010m

Equations
.
=


=

F=2QV1

W=m*10-3*g

WHEN time54s, mass50g

.
=


= 1.388*10-4
.
=

.

= 1.768

= . . .

= 1.677

F=2*1000*1.388*10-4*1.677

=0.465 N

W=50*10-3*9.81

=0.491 N

Time(s) Mass(g) Q(m3/s) V(m/s) V1(m/s) F(N) W(N)

54 50 1.388*10-4 1.768 1.677 0.465 0.491
44 100 1.704*10-4 2.169 2.095 0.713 0.981
30 150 2.5*10-4 3.183 3.313 1.6565 1.4715
22 200 3.409*10-4 4.340 4.303 2.933 1.962

2.5

1.5
w

0.5

0
0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014 0.0016
F

Discussion
What represent the percentage slope of the line in the scale of force weight?

The change in the angle representing the efficiency of the machine that are promoted
through the experience
If the angle is less than 1It means an error occurs during the test
And the angle must ranging between (1-1.3)
0.0025

0.002

0.0015

0.001

0.0005

0
0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014 0.0016
2.5

1.962
2

1.4715
1.5

0.981
1

0.491
0.5

0
0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014 0.0016