PRESENT CONTINUOUS

FORMACIN DEL "PRESENT CONTINUOUS"

El "present continuous" de cualquier verbo se compone de dos partes: el presente del verbo to be +
el "present participle" del verbo principal.

(Para formar el "present participle": raz+ing, e.g. talking, playing, moving, smiling)

Afirmativa

Sujeto + to be + raz + ing

She is talking.

Negativa

Sujeto + to be + not + raz + ing

She is not (isn't) talking

Interrogativa

to be + sujeto + raz + ing

Is she talking?

EJEMPLOS: TO GO, "PRESENT CONTINUOUS"

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa
 I am going I am not going Am I going?

You are going You aren't going. Are you going?

He, she, it is going He, she, it isn't going Is he, she, it going

We are going We aren't going Are we going?

You are going You aren't going Are you going?

They are going They aren't going Are they going?

Nota: contracciones de las formas negativas: I'm not going, you're not going, he's not going etc.

FUNCIONES DEL "PRESENT CONTINUOUS"

Como ocurre con todos los tiempos verbales del ingls, la actitud del hablante es tan importante
como el momento en que ocurre la accin o el evento. Al emplear el "present continuous", nos
estamos refiriendo a algo que no ha terminado o est incompleto

EL "PRESENT CONTINUOUS" SE UTILIZA:

para describir una accin que est teniendo lugar en este momento: You are using the
Internet. You are studying English grammar.
para describir una tendencia o una accin que est sucediendo en la actualidad: Are you
still working for the same company? More and more people are becoming vegetarian.
para describir una accin o evento futuros que ya estn programados: We're going on
holiday tomorrow. I'm meeting my boyfriend tonight. Are they visiting you next winter?
para describir una situacin o evento temporales: He usually plays the drums, but he's
playing bass guitar tonight. The weather forecast was good, but it's raining at the
moment.
con "always, forever, constantly", para describir y enfatizar una sucesin de acciones
repetidas: Harry and Sally are always arguing! You're constantly complaining about
your mother-in-law!

CUIDADO! Hay algunos verbos que no suelen emplear la forma progresiva

VERBOS QUE NO SUELEN EMPLEAR LA FORMA
PROGRESIVA
Los verbos de la siguiente lista suelen utilizar la forma simple porque hacen referencia a estados,
ms que acciones o procesos.

SENSACIN / PERCEPCIN

to feel*
to hear
to see*
to smell
to taste

OPININ

to assume
to believe
to consider
to doubt
to feel (= pensar)
to find (= considerar)
to suppose
to think*

ESTADOS MENTALES

to forget
to imagine
to know
to mean
to notice
to recognise
to remember
to understand

EMOCIONES / DESEOS

to envy
to fear
to dislike
to hate
to hope
to like
to love
 to mind
to prefer
to regret
to want
to wish

MEDIDAS

to contain
to cost
to hold
to measure
to weigh

OTROS

to look (=parecerse a)
to seem
to be (en la mayora de los casos)
to have(cuando significa "poseer")*

EXCEPCIONES
Los verbos de sensacin y percepcin (see, hear, feel, taste, smell) suelen utilizarse con can: : I
can see... Pueden tomar la forma progresiva pero, en este caso, su significado suele variar.

This coat feels nice and warm. (percepcin de las cualidades del abrigo)
John's feeling much better now (est mejor de salud)
She has three dogs and a cat. (posesin)
She's having supper. (est tomando)
I can see Anthony in the garden (percepcin)
I'm seeing Anthony later (tenemos intencin de vernos)

En la voz activa la accin del verbo recae sobre el sujeto, mientras que en la voz
pasiva la accin recae sobre el objeto.

Ejemplo:

Voz activa Someone stole my bag

 Voz pasiva My bag was stolen

Estructura de una oracin pasiva

Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to be") + participio de pasado

Para pasar una oracin activa a pasiva:

1. El objeto de la oracin activa pasa a ser el sujeto de la oracin pasiva.

2. El verbo principal se sustituye por el auxiliar "to be" (en el mismo tiempo
verbal) seguido del verbo principal en participio.

3. El sujeto de la oracin activa pasa a ser complemento agente de la pasiva. No

siempre aparece en la oracin, y cuando aparece va introducido por "by".

Otros
Estructu Verb Compleme Compleme
Sujeto complemen
ra o nto directo nto agente
tos

Voz Shakespe Romeo and

wrote - in 1562
activa are Juliet

was by
Voz Romeo
writt - Shakespear in 1562
pasiva and Juliet
en e

Tiempo verbal en la voz pasiva

En la voz pasiva el tiempo verbal recae en la forma auxiliar del verbo "to be".

Ejemplo:
 My son wrote a letter to his friend A letter was written to his friend.

Tiempo verbal Active Passive

Simple present John writes a book. A book is written by John.

Present John is writing a A book is being written by

continuous book. John.

Simple past John wrote a book. A book was written by John.

John was writing a A book was being written by

Past continuous
book. John.

John has written a A book has been written by

Present perfect
book. John.

John will write a A book will be written by

Simple future
book. John.

John would write a A book would be written by

Conditional
book. John.

Uses of passive voice (Usos de la voz pasiva)

1 Usamos la voz pasiva cuando no se sabe el sujeto que ha realizado la accin.

Ejemplo:

My house was painted this morning

 2 Usamos la voz pasiva cuando se da ms importancia a la accin que al sujeto que
la realiza.
Ejemplo:

The meeting was recorded.

3 No se usa la voz pasiva con verbos intransitivos, es decir, los que no tienen
complementos directos. Por ejemplo: arrive, go, die, lie, etc...

PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
FORMACIN DEL "PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS"
El "present perfect continuous" est compuesto por dos elementos: el "present perfect" del
verbo 'to be' (have/has been) y el "present participle" del verbo principal (raz+ing)

Sujeto has/have been raz+ing

She has been swimming

Afirmativa: She has been / She's been running.

Negativa: She hasn't been running.
Interrogativa : Has she been running?
Interrogativa negativa: Hasn't she been running?

EJEMPLO: "PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS", TO LIVE

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa

I have been living I haven't been living Have I been livin

You have been living You haven't been living Have you been li
Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa

He, she, it has been living He hasn't been living Has she been livi

We have been living We haven't been living Have we been liv

You have been living You haven't been living Have you been li

They have been living They haven't been living Have they been l

FUNCIONES DEL "PRESENT PERFECT

CONTINUOUS"
El "present perfect continuous" se refiere a un periodo temporal inespecfico situado entre el
pasado y el presente. El hablante se refiere a algo que empez y que puede no haber concluido en
ese periodo de tiempo. Le interesa tanto el proceso como el resultado, y es posible que dicho
proceso acabe de terminar o que an no haya finalizado.

ACCIONES INICIADAS EN EL PASADO Y QUE CONTINAN OCURRIENDO EN

EL PRESENTE
She has been waiting for you all day (= todava est esperando).
I've been working on this report since eight o'clock this morning (= todava no lo he terminado).
They have been travelling since last October (= todava no han vuelto).

ACCIONES QUE ACABAN DE CONCLUIR Y DE LAS QUE NOS INTERESAN

SUS RESULTADOS
She has been cooking since last night (= y la comida preparada tiene un aspecto delicioso).
It's been raining (= y las calles an estn mojadas).
Someone's been eating my chips (= quedan la mitad).

VERBOS SIN FORMAS PROGRESIVAS

Con verbos que no suelen utilizar la forma progresiva, empleamos el "present perfect". Por
ejemplo: I've wanted to visit China for years.
She's known Robert since she was a child.
I've hated that music since I first heard it.
I've heard a lot about you recently.
We've understood everything.
we've heard this morning.