PILIHLAH AKU DI ANTARA BENAR DAN SALAH :3

1. One of the objectives of preliminary research is that one does not run the risk of "reinventing the
wheel".
2. Action research involve going into the natural setting of people, watching what they do, and
describing, analyzing, and interpreting what one has seen.
3. Theory is needed in basic research and in applied research.
4. In both inductive and deductive research, a review of the literature will help to develop a conceptual
or theoretical background.
5. A "problem" can be defined as any situation where a gap exists between the actual the desired ideal
states.
6. To understand the characteristics of a group in a given situation" cannot be seen as purpose of a
descriptive study.
7. A study can be done in which data gathered just one, perhaps over a period od days or weeks or
months, in order to answer a research question. Such studies are called longitudinal studies.
8. The statement of the research objective(s) should be brief but nonetheless communicate clearly the
focus of the project.
9. A mediating variable has a strong contingent effect on the independent variable-dependent variable
relationship.
10. Articles and books that were written thirty or even forty years ago should always be included in the
literature review.
11. A research study indicates that the willingness of the employees to learn new ways of doing things is
not influenced by the quality of training program offered by the organizatios to all people without
any distinction. Only those with high growth needs seem to have the yearning to learn to do new
things through specialized training. In this study, "growth needs" is the mediating variable.

12. Identifying the critical issues, gathering relevant information, analyzing the data in ways that woud
help decision making, and implementing the right course of action, are all facilitated by
understanding business research.
13. Data were collected from stock brokers between April and June of last year to study their concerns
in a turbulent stock market. Data wilh respect to this particular research had not been collected
before, nor will they be collected again from them for this research. This is an example of a
longitudinal study
14. The relevance of the issues that are addressed in the article or book does not represent a criterion for
assessing the value of article or book.
15. The research objective and the research questions are strongly related.
16. A critical review of the literature is unneccesary in nearly all research projects.
17. Induction is the process of drawing conclusions based on (an interpretation of) the results of data
analysis.
18. Data gathered through existing sources are called secondary data.
19. Women are smaller than men" is an example a directional hypothesis.
20. Action research is constantly evolving project which interplay among problem, solution, effects or
consequences, , and new solution.
21. There are three key criteria to assess the quality of the problem statement: it should be parsimonious,
feasible, and testable.
22. Ethical conduct applies to the researchers who undertake the research, but also to the respondents
who provide them with the necessary data.
23. Case studies involve in-depth, contextual analyses of similar situations in other organizations, where
the nature and definition of the problem happen to be the same as experienced in the current
situation.
24. Plagiarism is the use of another's original words, arguments, or ideas as though they were your own.
25. In deductive research, a literature review will help the researcher to develop a theoretical framework
and hypotheses.
26. The action research methodology is most appropriate while affecting planned changes.
27. Theory testing (deduction) is an essential part of the research process whereas theory generation
(induction) is not.Knowledge gained by the findings of basic research can be applied by
organizations to solve their own problems.
28. A research study indicates that the willingness of the employees to learn new ways of doing things is
not influenced by the quality of training program offered by the organizatios to all people without
any distinction. Only those with high growth needs seem to have the yearning to learn to do new
things through specialized training. In this study, "growth needs" is the moderating variable.
29. A problem could also indicate an interest in an issue where findings the right answers might help to
improve an existing situation.
30. Knowledge of research design details also helps managers to study and intelligently comment on
research proposals.
31. Exploratory research is most suitable when the objective of a study is explain the effect of job
satisfaction on job loyalty.
32. A study can be done in which data gathered just one, perhaps over a period od days or weeks or
months, in order to answer a research question. Such studies are called cross-sectional studies.
33. The theoretical framework is a logically developed, described, and elaborated networks of the
associations among the variables deemed relevant to the problem situation.
34. A feasible topic for research is specific and focus.
35. Scientific research can be described as a systematic and organized effort to investigate a specific
problem encountered in the work setting, that needs a solution.
36. The quality of a literature review depends on a cautious selection and reading of books, academic
and professional journals, reports, theses, conference proceedings, unpublished manuscripts, and the
like.
37. Ontology is concerned with the nature of knowledge or how we come to know.
38. Conference proceedings are very up to date, and for this reason this information source is quite
valuable if you are working in a relatively new area or domain.
39. The key approach of positivist researchers is observation.
40. Studies conducted to establish cause-and-effect relationship using the same natural environment in
which employees normally function are called field studies.
41. A theory attempts to explain relationships between the variables in your model: an explanation
should be provided only for the most important relationships that are theorized to exist among the
variables.
42. Pragmatists see theories and concepts as important tools for findings our way in the world that
surround us.
43. A theoretical framework represents your beliefs on how certain phenomena (or variables or
concepts) are related to each other (a model) or an explanation on why you believe that these
variables are associated to each other (a theory).
44. Being knowledgeable about research and research methods helps professional managers to
discriminate good from bad research.
45. Constructionism criticizes the positivist belief that the truth is subjective.
46. Methodological rigor increases as we move progressively from an exploratory study to a hypothesis-
testing study. and with this, the costs of research also increase.
47. For a positivist, the world operates by laws of cause and effect we can discern if we use a scientific
approach to research.
48. Research done with the intention of applying the results of the findings to solve a specific problems
currently being experienced in an organization is called applied research.
49. Online databases display only the bibliographic citations, that is, the name of the author, the title of
the article (or book), source of publication, year, volume, and page numbers.
50. The critical realist believes that researchers are inherently biased.
51. Objectivity refers to the closeness of the findings to "reality" based on a sample.
52. A moderating variable has a strong contingent effect on the independent variable-dependent variable
relationship.
53. Plagiarism makes it is difficult for the reader to verify whether your claims about other authors and
sources are accurate.
54. From an academic perspective researech is relevant if nothing is known aboout a topic.
55. The quality of the journal that published an article is an indicator of the quality of a research article.
56. Applied research has little scientific relevance.
57. The function of the critical literature review are unrelated to the specific approach that is taken.
58. Correlational studies done in organizations are called field experiments.

PILIHAN GANDA
59. Problem definition
"Any situation where a gap exists between the actual and the desired ideal states" merupakan
pengertian/definisi dari:

masalah (problem)
hipotesis (hypothesis)
definisi operasional (operational definition)
rumusan masalah (problem definition)
rerangka teoritis (theoretical framework)

60. Preliminary data gathering. Informasi yang diperlukan dapat pada tahap pengumpulan data awal
(preliminary data gathering) secara umum meliputi: (a) Background information on the organization (b)
Background knowledge on the topic (c) Problem statement

Jawaban (a)
Jawaban (c)
Jawaban (a) dan (b)
Jawaban (b) dan (c).
Jawaban (b)

61. Research design

"An experiment design set up in an artificially contrived setting where controls and manipulations are
introduced to establish cause-and-effect relationships among variables of interest to the researcher"
 disebut

field study
contrived setting
non-contrived setting
lab experiment
field experiment

62. Research design

Exploratory study merupakan

studies that engage in hypothesis testing usually explain the nature of certain relationships, or
establish the difference among groups or the independence of two or more factors in a situation
a research study where very little knowledge or information is available on the subject under
investigation
the study in which the researcher is interested in delineating the important variables associated with
the problem
the documented history of noteworthy events that have taken place in a given situation
a research study that describes the variables in a situation of interest to the researcher

63. Research design

"A study conducted in the natural setting with a minimal amount of researcher interference with the
flow of events in the situation" disebut

contrived setting

lab experiment

field experiment

field study

non-contrived setting

64. Research design

Descriptive study merupakan
 the study in which the researcher is interested in delineating the important variables associated with
the problem
a research study that describes the variables in a situation of interest to the researcher
the documented history of noteworthy events that have taken place in a given situation
studies that engage in hypothesis testing usually explain the nature of certain relationships, or
establish the difference among groups or the independence of two or more factors in a situation
a research study where very little knowledge or information is available on the subject under
investigation

65. Research design

Hypothesis testing merupakan

studies that engage in hypothesis testing usually explain the nature of certain relationships, or
establish the difference among groups or the independence of two or more factors in a situation

a research study where very little knowledge or information is available on the subject under
investigation

a research study that describes the variables in a situation of interest to the researcher

the study in which the researcher is interested in delineating the important variables associated
with the problem

the documented history of noteworthy events that have taken place in a given situation

66. Preliminary data gathering. Informasi yang diperlukan dapat pada tahap pengumpulan data awal
(preliminary data gathering) secara umum meliputi: (a) Background information on the organization (b)
Background knowledge on the topic (c) Problem statement

Jawaban (a)
Jawaban (a) dan (b)
Jawaban (c)
Jawaban (b) dan (c).
Jawaban (b)

67. Problem definition

Definition of construct in measurable term by reducing it from its level of abstraction through the
 delineation of its dimensions and elements" merupakan pengertian/definisi dari:

masalah (problem)
rumusan masalah (problem definition)
hipotesis (hypothesis)
definisi operasional (operational definition)
rerangka teoritis (theoretical framework)

68. Problem definition

"A clear, precise, succinct statement of the question or issue that is to be investigated with the goal of
finding an answer or solution" merupakan pengertian/definisi dari:

definisi operasional (operational definition)

masalah (problem)
hipotesis (hypothesis)
rumusan masalah (problem definition)
rerangka teoritis (theoretical framework)

69. Research design

"An artificially created or lab environment in which research is conducted" disebut

field experiment

lab experiment

non-contrived setting

field study

contrived setting

70. Theoretical framework

Basic feature(s) yang perlu ada dalam rerangka teoritis (theoretical framework) antara lain:

(a) The variables considered relevant to the study should be clearly defined (b) A conceptual model that
describes the relationships between the variables in the model should be given (c) There should be a clear
 explanation of why we expect these relationships to exist

Jawaban (c)
Jawaban (b)
Jawaban (a), (b), dan (c).
Jawaban (a)
Jawaban (a) dan (c)

71. Preliminary data gathering

Informasi yang diperlukan dapat pada tahap pengumpulan data awal (preliminary data gathering) secara
umum meliputi:

c. Problem statement
Jawaban b dan c.
b. Background knowledge on the topic
a. Background information on the organization
Jawaban a dan b

72. Problem definition

"Definition of construct in measurable term by reducing it from its level of abstraction through the
delineation of its dimensions and elements" merupakan pengertian/definisi dari:

rumusan masalah (problem definition)

definisi operasional (operational definition)
hipotesis (hypothesis)
rerangka teoritis (theoretical framework)
masalah (problem)

73. Problem definition

"A logically developed, described, and explained network of associations among variables of interest
to the research study" merupakan pengertian/definisi dari:

rumusan masalah (problem definition)

definisi operasional (operational definition)

 masalah (problem)

rerangka teoritis (theoretical framework)

hipotesis (hypothesis)

74. Hypotheses
"Logically conjectured relationship between two or more variables expressed in the form of a
testable statement" merupakan pengertian/definisi dari:

rumusan masalah (problem definition)

rerangka teoritis (theoretical framework)

definisi operasional (operational definition)

hipotesis (hypothesis)

masalah (problem)

75. Preliminary data gathering

Literature survey yang baik pada tahap pengumpulan data awal (preliminary data gathering) antara
lain menjamin bahwa:
a. Important variables that are likely to influence the problem situation are not left out of the study b.
Testability and replicability of the findings of the current researched are enhanced c. The problem
investigated is perceived by the scientific community as relevant and significant

Jawaban a dan c

Jawaban b

Jawaban c

Jawaban a

Jawaban a, b, dan c.

76. Research design

"An experiment done to detect cause-and-effect relationship in the natural environment in which events
normally occur" disebut
 lab experiment
non-contrived setting
field experiment
contrived setting
field study

77. Research design

Case study analysis merupakan

the documented history of noteworthy events that have taken place in a given situation

a research study where very little knowledge or information is available on the subject under
investigation

the study in which the researcher is interested in delineating the important variables associated
with the problem

a research study that describes the variables in a situation of interest to the researcher

studies that engage in hypothesis testing usually explain the nature of certain relationships, or
establish the difference among groups or the independence of two or more factors in a situation