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DATE : 16/05/2017
TIME : 2 to 4 Pm
SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
TIME : 2 to 4 Pm
A.V.AIDS : Demonstration
SPECIFICOBJECTIVES :
At the end of Demonstration student will know about ,
Define health assessment
Enlist steps of health assessment
Explain preparation of patient for procedure.
Discuss articles required for health assessment
Describe the procedure with rationale.
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INTRODUCTION
0.1
Assessment of physical findings should confirm data conclusion. Baseline information mind
for making accurate inspections: is obtained on admission. The proper examination
proceeds logically from head to be starting with general appearance, blood pressure (BP),
pulse, hands, head and neck, heart, lungs, abdomen, feet and legs
Teacher D
0.3 Define 1. DEFINITION explains E Students
health students M define
Physical examination is defined as a complete assessment of patient's physical and mental
assessment listens O physical
status. examination
Teacher list
0.6 Teacher PURPOSES out purposes Students list
enlists students out purposes
1.To understand the physical and mental well-being-' of the patient.
purposes of recall. of procedure
the 2.To detect disease in its early stage.
procedure
3.To determine the cause and the extent of disease.
4.To understand any changes in the condition of diseases, any improvement or regression.
5.To determine the nature of the treatment or nursing care needed for the patient.
6.To safeguard the patient and his/her family by noting the early signs especially in case of
a communicable disease.
7.To contribute to the medical research.
8.To find out whether the person is medically fit or not for a particular task.
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METHODS OF EXAMINATION
0.10 Teacher Teacher
explain Inspection explains D Students are
methods of students E able state the
Visual lamination of_the body is called 'inspection'. It is the observation with the naked
examination listens M methods of
eyes to determine the structure and functions of the body. It means looking with eyes. It O examination
reveals any rash, scar, color, size, shape, contour or symmetry of body parts. The quality of
inspection depends on the time spent by the nurse to be thorough and systematic
observation. In a hurry, we may overlook significant findings and make an incorrect.
conclusion.
The following principles should be kept in mind for making accurate inspections:
D
0.10 Teacher HEAD TO TOE EXAMINATION Teacher E Students ion
emphasizes discusses and M revise head
The examination is carried out in an orderly manner focusing upon one area of the body at a
on head to students O to toe
Toe time. The observation of the patient starts as the patient walks into the examination room, responds examination
examination of procedure
e.g. a limp may be noted as the patient walks in.
The following observations are made:
General Appearance
1.Nourishment: Well-nourished or under-nourished.
2.Bodv build: Thin or obese.
3.Health: Healthy or unhealthy.
4.Activity". Active or dull (tired).
Mental Status
1.Consciousness: Conscious, unconscious, delirious, talking incoherently.
2.Look: Anxious or worried, depressed, etc.
Posture
3.Body curves: Lordosis, kyphosis and scoliosis.
4.Movement Any limp.
Height and Weight
1.Ask to stand str-ght tile measuring foe height.
2.Check the v -i king condition of foe instrument even time before use.
Time Specific Contents Teaching- A.V Evaluations
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D
Skin Conditions E
M
1.Color: Pallor, jaundice cyanosis, flushing, etc.
O
2.Texture: Drones, baking, wrinkling or excessive moisture.
3.Temperature: Warm, cold and clammy.
4.Lesions. Macules, papules vesicles, wounds, etc.
Head and Face
1.Shape of foe skull and fontanel.
2.Skull circumference.
3.Scalp: Cleanliness, condition of foe hair, dandruff, pediculi, infections like ringworm.
4.Face: Pale, flushed, puffiness, fatigue, pain, fear, anxiety, enlargement of parotid glands,
etc.
Eye
1.Eyebrows: Normal or absent,
2.Eyelashes: Infection, sty.
3.Eyelids: Edema, lesions, ectropion, entropion,
4.Eyeballs: Sunken or protruded.
5.Conjunctiva: Pale, red, purulent.
6.Sclera: Jaundiced,
7.Cornea and iris: Irregularities and abrasions.
8.Pupils: Dilated, constricted reaction to light.
9. Lens: Opaque or transparent.
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10.Fundus: Congestion, hemorrhagic spots.
11. Eye muscles: Strabismus (squint).
12. Vision: Normal, myopia, hypermetropia.
D
Ears
E
1.External ear-discharges, cerumen obstructing the ear passage M
O
2.Tympanic membrane: Perforations, lesions, bulging
3.Hearing: Hearing acuity.
Nose
1.External nares: Crusts or discharges
2.Nostrils: Inflammation of the mucus membrane, septal deviations.
Mouth and Pharynx
1.Lips: Redness, swelling, crusts, cyanosis, angular stomatitis.
2.Odor of the mouth: Foul smelling.
3.Teeth: Discoloration and dental caries.
4.Mucus membrane and gums: Ulceration and bleeding, swelling, pus formation.
5.Tongue: Pale, dry, lesions, sords, furrows, tongue tie, etc.
6.Throat and pharynx: Enlarged tonsils, redness and pus.
Neck
1.Lymph nodes: Enlarged, palpable.
2.Thyroid gland: Enlarged.
3.Range of motion: Flexion, extension and rotation.
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Chest
1.Thorax: Shape, symmetry of expansion, posture.
2.Breath sounds: Sigh, swish, rustle, wheezing, rales, crepitations, pleural rub, etc.
3.Heart: Size and location, cardiac murmurs.
4.Breasts: Enlarged lymph nodes.
Abdomen
1.Observation: Skin rashes, scars, hernia, ascites distension, pregnancy, etc.
2.Auscultation: Bowel sounds, fetal heart sounds.
3.Palpation: Liver margin, palpable spleen, tenderness at the urea of appendix, inguinal
hernias.
4.Percussion: Presence of gas, fluid or masses.
Extremities
Movement of joints, tremors, clumbing of fingers, ankle edema, varicose veins, reflexes,
etc.
Back
Spina bifida curves.
Genital and Rectum
1.Inguinal lymph glands: Enlarged, palpable.
2.Patency of urinary meatus and rectum (in infants).
3.Descent of the testes.
4.Vaginal discharges.
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5.Presence of sexually transmitted diseases.
6.Hemorrhoids.
7.Enlargement of the prostate gland.
8.Pelvic masses.
Neurological Tests
1.Coordination tests.
2.Reflexes.
3.Equilibrium tests.
4.Tests for sensations.
5.Role of the nurse in the physical examination.
Students ion
0.5 Teachers Teacher D revise
PREPARATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
describes discusses and E preparation
preparation 1.Maintenance of privacy. students M of
of responds O environmet
2.A separate examination room is needed.
environment
3.Keep the doors closed. The relatives are not allowed.
4.Drape the patient according to the parts that are exposed.
5.Lighting: As far as possible natural light should be available in the examination room,
because if a patient is jaundiced, it may not be detected in the artificial light. There should
be adequate lighting.
6.Comfortable bed or examination table: The patient should be placed comfortably
throughout the examination. There should be provision for the maintenance of a suitable
position, e.g. a lithotomy position may be maintained when examining the genitalia. To
maintain this position, a special examination table with stirrup rods is needed.
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7.The room should be warm and without draughts.
Mental Preparation
1.The patient may be quite new to the hospital situation and patient may be anxious about
his illness.
2.Patient may have false ideas about the medical examination.
3.It is the duty of the nurse to allay his patient's, anxieties and fears by proper explanations.
4.Explain the sequence of the procedure to gain his/ her confidence and cooperation.
5.As far as possible a nurse should remain with a female patient during the physical
examination.
ASSISTANCE IN THE EXAMINATION
Take height and weight
1.To measure the length of the baby who cannot stand, place the baby on a hard surface,
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with the soles of the feet supported in an upright position.
2.The knees are extended and the measurement is taken from the soles of the feet to the
vertex of the head.
3.The head should be in such a position that the eyes are facing the ceiling.
4.After a child can stand, the height can be measured, if the child with the heels back and
head against a wall.
5.A small flat board held from the top of the head to the wall, will give an accurate measure
of the height that is the distance from the floor to the board.
6.The weight of a person who can stand is generally measured by a standing scale.
7.The patient stands on the platform and the weight is noted on the dial.
8.Usually the weight is taken without shoes.
9.To take the weight of the baby, a baby weighing scale is used, in which there is a
container, where the baby can be laid.
10.It is important to weigh a baby unclothed. If weighed with cloth then weigh the clothes
separately and subtract this weight.
Measure the Skull Circumference
The skull is measured at its greatest diameter from
above the eyes to the occipital protuberance.
Examination of the Eyes
1.The examination is done in a lying or sitting position
2.The examiner frequently uses a head mirror that reflects light to the patient's face.
3.The first examination is one of inspection to determine the movements of the eyes,
reaction to light, accommodation to near and far objects.
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4.For detailed examination of the internal parts of the eye, an ophthalmoscope is used.
CONCLUSION
Health assessment is important to everyone. It includes physical examinations or other
procedures to detect disease early in people who look or feel well. This is different from
diagnostic tests which are done when someone is already showing signs and/or symptoms
of a disease.
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SUMMARY
Health assessment is the evaluation of the health status of an individual along the health
continuum. The purpose of the assessment is to establish where on the health continuum the
individual is because this guides how to approach and treat the individual. The health
continuum approaches range from preventative, to treatment, to palliative care in relation to
the individual's status on the health continuum. It is not the treatment or treatment plan.
BIBLIOGRAPHY .
1. Clinical Nursing Procedures: The Art of Nursing Practice (Paperback)
2. Annamma Jacob (author), R. Rekha (author), Jadhav Sonali Tarachand (author) 2nd
edition jaypee publications pg no.265-267.
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