THERMOELECTRIC CONTROL

USING PELTIER EFFECT

GROUP DETAILS:

Anitha Rani R Banakar 1AT08EC012

Chetan G 1AT08EC031

Dilip Kumar H 1AT08EC035

OBJECTIVE:
To design a system which instantaneously cools or heats any material and compact in size unlike
conventional compressor systems which are bulky and radiate lot of heat. Also employing the
system to generate electric power where there is temperature gradient.

ORGANISATION:

IMPRIMIS

#106, 3rd floor, 8th main

Central excise layout

Vijayanagar,

Banglore-560040.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
 DC Fan

Amplifier
Peltier Sensor
Circuit
Thermal Metal conductor

Noise Filter
Heating
Compartmen
t

LED

DESCRIPTION:
The basic concept behind thermoelectric technology is the Peltier effecta
phenomenon first discovered in the early 19th century. The Peltier effect occurs whenever
electrical current flows through two dissimilar conductors. Depending on the direction of current
flow, the junction of the two conductors will either absorb or release heat.

Thermoelectric cooling uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junction of
two different types of materials. A Peltier cooler, heater, or thermo electric heat pump is a solid-
state active heat pump which transfers heat from one side of the device to the other side against
the temperature gradient (from cold to hot), with consumption of electrical energy. Such an
instrument is also called a Peltier device, Peltier heat pump, solid state refrigerator, or
thermoelectric cooler (TEC). The Peltier device is a heat pump: when direct current runs through
it, heat is moved from one side to the other. Therefore it can be used either for heating or for
cooling (refrigeration), although in practice the main application is cooling. It can also be used as
a temperature controller that either heats or cools.In the world of thermoelectric technology,
semiconductors (usually Bismuth Telluride) are the material of choice for producing the Peltier
effectin part because they can be more easily optimized for pumping heat, but also because
designers can control the type of charge carrier employed within the conductor.Using this type
of material, a Peltier device (thermoelectric module) can be constructed.

In a typical thermoelectric device, a junction is formed from two different conducting

materials, one containing positive charge carriers and the other negative charge carriers. When an
electric current is passed in the appropriate direction through the junction, both types of charge
carriers move away from the junction and convey heat away, thus cooling the junction. Similarly,
a heat source at the junction causes carriers to flow away from the junction, making an electrical
generator. Such devices have the advantage of containing no moving parts, but low efficiencies
have limited their use to specialty applications, such as cooling laser diodes. The principles of
thermoelectric devices are reviewed and strategies for increasing the efficiency of novel
materials are explored. Improved materials would not only help to cool advanced electronics but
could also provide energy benefits in refrigeration and when using waste heat to generate
electrical power.

In this system ARM controller is used to keep track of temperature and use it to control
the temperature by varying the power supply to peltier sensor. We also generate electric power
using the temperature difference in material , which can be employed in hybrid cars were we can
extract heat from engine and generate electric power using the heat.

Peltier element schematic Peltier device

RESULT:

The system is continuously monitored for deviation from prefixed values of parameters and are
countered instantaneously.

APPLICATIONS:
semiconductor IC testing.
microprocessor coolers.
heating and cooling chambers for climatic tests of electronic components.
water coolers for the semiconductor industry.
 cooling systems for industrial and medical lasers and power supplies for medical
equipment.
mobile and compact refrigerators and thermostatic regulators for medical equipment.
temperature controllers of mobile containers for storage and transportation of
biomaterials and medications.
compact refrigerators designed to cool semiconductor lasers, IR detectors and CCD
matrixes.
mini thermostatic regulators for photomultipliers.
cooling of input stages of high-sensitivity amplifier receivers and output stages of
communication hardware mini transmitters.
thermal stabilization of parametric devices.

FUTURE WORK:
The above system can be upgraded to be used as alternative source of electric energy, can
replace cooling system in computers and can be installed in automobiles to extract heat of
the engine and generate electric power from the heat.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
C programming

Embedded C

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
Switching circuit
ADC
Keypad
ARM7- LPC2148
LCD
Power supply
DC fan
Amplifier circuit