Exam corrections
1. Complete the table with the information about each one of the five kingdoms.
Kingdom Cell type
MONERA PROKARYOTIC (only kingdom
with this cell type). Than means
that the organelles they present
are: cell wall, membrane,
cytoplasma, ribosomes, genetic
information (in the cytoplasma).
They can also present flagellum
to move.
PROTIST EUKARYOTIC. That means that
they have a defined nucleus that
encloses genetic information.
They also present the same
organelles as Prokaryotic and
some extra ones: mitochondria,
chloroplasts (if the organism is
autotrophic), vacuoles... protozoa
do NOT have cell wall, but might
have flagellum or cilia.
FUNGI EUKARYOTIC. With cell wall.
PLANT EUKARYOTIC. With cell wall.
ANIMAL EUKARYOTIC. No cell wall
Number of cells Nutrition type Examples
Always unicellular. Some of them are All the bacteria are included in this
This type of heterotrophs (they eat group. They only have scientific names,
Prokaryotic cells organic matter). In this because we can not detect them with the
can live in colonies, group are included naked eye.
but NEVER in a pathogens. Some other
multi-cellular way can do photosynthesis,
so they are autotrophs
(cyanobacteria).
In this group we Algae are always Algae (large muti-cellular algae: red,
can find unicellular autotrophs (do brown and green) and also unicellular
algae and photosynthesis). Most algae. Protozoa, always unicellular
protozoa. There protozoa are organisms.
are also multi- heterotrophs (there are
cellular algae (red, exceptions).
brown, green
algae).
Multi-cellular like All heterotrophs All the fungi and yeast are included in
mushrooms, this group. All mushroom, mold, yeast
unicellular like (like the one in beer: Saccharomyces
yeast cerevisiae).
Multi-cellular All autotrophs We include in this group mosses, ferns
and plants with seeds: gymnosperms
and angiosperms (plants with fruit)
Multi-cellular All heterotrophs In this group we include the following
phyllum: porifera, cnidaria, annelids,
molluscs (the class bivalve, cephalopod
and gasteropod), arthropoda (class:
myriapods, insects, crustacean,
arachnids), choradata that includes
vertebrates (class anphibians, reptiles,
birds and mammals)
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2. For each animal description, name the group they belong (try to be very specific) (2):
a) It has shell with two valves, its habitat is the ocean, presents gills to breathe, it is a filter feeder. It is a....Mollusc, bivalve (e.g.
clam)........................................................
b) It is a simple organism that lives attached to the substrata filtering the water to feed, it does not present real tissues or organs. It is
a..................Porifera (sponge)................................
c) It has exoskeleton, antennae and eyes to detect changes in its environment, it moults when growing, it has three pairs of legs and four
pairs of wings. It is an.................Arthropod, insect (fly)...
d) It has radial symmetry, and tube feet to move. It is a..........Echinordem (sea urchin)........
e) It has a gastrovascular cavity to digest food and tentacles to catch preys (carnivorous), it lives in the water. It is a..................Cnidaria
(polyp).............
f) It has heavy weighted exoskeleton, its habitat is the ocean, it breathes thanks to gills, its body plan is: cephalothorax and abdomen, it has
10 limbs (legs). It is an....Arthropod, crustacean (lobster).....
g) It is a terrestrial carnivore, it has 4 pairs of legs and chelicera to kill preys, it has exoskeleton and cephalothorax and abdomen. It is an...
Arthropod, arachnid (spider)...
h) It has internal shell, lives in the ocean, it is a predator, has tentacles with suction cups (suckers). It is a..........Mollusc, cephalopod
(squid)...................
3. Draw an scheme of the anatomy of 3 cells: a bacteria, a plant cell and an animal cell. Name all the organelles they usually present. Then,
shortly explain what is the function of the following organelles: mitochondria, chloroplast, nucleus, membrane and ribosomes. Which of these
organelles do you think are more necessary? KEY: it is very important if all cells present one!

The most important organelles are membrane and ribosomes. All the cells present them. Membrane encloses the cell and makes exchanges
with the environment possible. For example, makes possible to intake nutrients and to exit wastes. Ribosomes are also very important. They
follow the instructions contained in the genetic information. Ribosomes "read" the genetic information that is needed in each situation and
synthesise (produce) proteins that the cell needs to survive.
Mitochondria is also an important organelle, only found in eukaryotic cells like plants, animals, protist and fungi. Cell respiration takes place in
mitochondria. Its function is to obtain the energy contained in organic matter. Provides the cell with the energy it need to do vital functions.
Chloroplast are very useful organelles found in autotrophic cells. These are the organelles used to carry out photosynthesis. This process
uses the energy of light in order to produce organic matter using only inorganic matter (water and carbon dioxide).
Nucleus is the protective organelle to store genetic information. Prokaryotes with no nucleus also present genetic information (of course!) but
they have it spared in the cytoplasm.

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