JULY/AUGUST 2012

+
LEDsmagazine.com

Conference
Lightfair International
show report P.32

Standards
Compliant Zhaga light
engines emerge P.47

TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS OF LIGHT EMITTING DIODES Design

Remote phosphor
vs. white LEDs P.59

Indoor Lighting
Modular LED tiles
light Paramount
conference room P.9
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LEDMAG07012012

    
      
 
  
   
   
  
  


 

    
 









 

  

 



   



 

 


  






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 ISSUE 53

july/august
2012
The Lighting Research Center and
Osram Sylvania used a DC-powered
grid, modular tiles, and wireless
controls to implement a cloud-like LED
lighting system in a Paramount Pictures
conference room (see page 9).

features
19 ASSEMBLY
AC-LED lighting products find niche, perhaps more
Laura Peters

25 PATENTS
columns/departments
Patents compete for priority in the
remote-phosphor LED technology space
Lily Li, IP Checkups 2 COMMENTARY Maury Wright
Judging SSL products reveals a lot
32 LIGHTFAIR about the state of LED lighting
Lamp form remains important, SSL takes new
shape at LFI 9 NEWS +ANALYSIS
Laura Peters & Maury Wright Osram and LRC partner on
Paramount Pictures SSL project

39 COLOR SCIENCE The LED Show will cover chips

to lighting installations
Understand color science to maximize success
with LEDs part 2 Tower Bridge in London receives
George Kelly, Avnet Electronics Marketing Olympic LED makeover
Cooper announces Zhaga-
47 STANDARDS certified LED downlight
Zhaga writes the book on LED light engine
specifications 23 FUNDING+PROGRAMS
Tim Whitaker JEDEC publishes four international
thermal-testing standards for LEDs

51 THERMAL DOE announces $7 million in latest

Advanced thermal characterization improves LED SSL manufacturing funding
street-light design Caliper Report 15 compares flood lights
Andrs Poppe, Andrs Szalai & John Parr
UL opens lighting test
center in Burago, Italy
59 DESIGN FORUM
Fair comparison of white LEDs and remote
phosphor guides design choice
Michael Leung, Cree Santa Barbara Technology Center

LEDsmagazine.com JULY/AUGUST 2012 3

commentary
Judging SSL products
reveals a lot about the
state of LED lighting
I
recently had the privilege to participate
as a judge in the Lighting for Tomorrow
completion that is sponsored by the
American Lighting Association (ALA), the
Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE),
and Underwriters Laboratories (UL). The
process was very educational as I saw some
outstanding solid-state lighting (SSL) prod-
ucts that truly leverage the uniqueness
of LED sources a trend we also noted in
our Lightfair coverage (page 32). But I also
saw some products that seem to be looking
for a need and also some that were just not
designed or constructed well.
Lighting for Tomorrow is a competition in
its tenth year seeking to increase the avail-
ability of quality, energy-efficient light-
ing products for residential applications.
We judges reviewed many product types
ranging from retrofit lamps to chandeliers
along with controls. There were almost 150
entries a new record Im told. I along with
you will have to await the tabulation of our
score sheets that will be revealed at the ALA
Annual Conference on September 13.
Still, I thought I would share some obser-
vations on both the judging process and
products. Its quite amazing what you learn
when you go through such a detailed eval-
uation of products with others that share
an interest in LED lighting but that come
from a completely different perspective. The
panel included members from lighting dis-
tributors, the research sector, a utility and
a test lab.
I found myself focused more on trying to
understand the design of the products the
LEDs used, the driver characteristics, and
the thermal elements. Others were far more
focused on the shape of a light pattern, sub-
tle difference in color and CRI, and the fin-
ish and color of the actual fi xture.
4 JULY/AUGUST 2012
There were some very well designed prod-
ucts in terms of quality components and
construction that failed to deliver accept-
able optical performance. For example, a
given product might produce too much glare
for use in a residential application. Lighting
manufacturers might be well served to run a
new product prototype by some experienced
distributors before launching the product
commercially. There were many sugges-
tions made as to how simple changes could
improve optical performance.
Meanwhile, I hope my fellow judges wont
hold my constant focus on component qual-
ity against me. I suspect they tired of me try-
ing to discern if a product used quality com-
ponents or LEDs that might suffer lumen or
color maintenance issues too quickly. More-
over, I saw some assembly techniques that
looked rock solid and others that I would
judge likely to fail.
There were products that used LEDs in
very innovative ways and delivered unique
and attractive form. There were others that
sought to do the same thing, I assume, but
had form factors that just might not work
according to many on the panel.
We also ran across instances where we
could only speculate about what caused a
product to perform the way it did. But it sure
seemed like some product makers are strug-
gling to avoid intellectual-property conflicts
and are perhaps compromising design ele-
ments in doing so. Thats subject for more
research and perhaps a feature article down
the road.
Ill tell you more about my feelings on
some specific products after the partners
announce the winners.
Maury Wright, EDITOR
mauryw@pennwell.com
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT Christine Shaw
& PUBLISHING DIRECTOR cshaw@pennwell.com
EDITOR Maury Wright
mauryw@pennwell.com
ASSOCIATE EDITOR Nicole Pelletier
nicolep@pennwell.com
SENIOR TECHNICAL Laura Peters
EDITOR laurap@pennwell.com
CONTRIBUTING Tim Whitaker
EDITOR twhitaker@pennwell.com
MARKETING MANAGER Luba Hrynyk
PRESENTATION MANAGER Kelli Mylchreest
PRODUCTION DIRECTOR Mari Rodriguez
SENIOR ILLUSTRATOR Christopher Hipp
AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT Debbie Bouley
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Webcasts:
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overview Growth potential, technology
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DATE: June 2012
PRESENTER: Katya Evstratyeva, Strategies Unlimited
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ADVERTISERS index
American Bright Optoelectronics..............12
Amerlux ..................................................38
Beautiful Light Tech ................................13
Cirrus Logic ..............................................1
Cree Inc. .............................................. CV4
EBV Elektronik ........................................31
Ellsworth Adhesives ................................20
GE Lightech ............................................53
GKN Sinter Metals ..................................45
Global Lighting Technologies ...................36
GPD Global .............................................56
Green Lighting LED .................................63
Indice Ecotech ........................................37
Indium Corp. ..........................................35
Intertek .................................................. 41
Inventronics (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd. .............50
6 JULY/AUGUST 2012
FEATURED events
Shanghai Intl LED & Lighting Expo 2012
July 11-14, 2012
Shanghai, China
The LED Show 2012
July 31-August 1, 2012
Las Vegas, NV
SPIE Optics + Photonics
August 14-16, 2012
San Diego, CA
China International
Optoelectronic Exposition
September 6-9, 2012
Guangdong, China
IES Street and Area Lighting Conference
September 9-12, 2012
Miami, FL
PLASA 2012
September 9-12, 2012
London, UK
Strategies in Light Europe
September 18-20, 2012
Munich, Germany
CIE 2012
September 19-21, 2012
Hangzhou, China
Strategies in Light Japan
September 25-27, 2012
Yokohama, Japan
See our Event Reports section online
for news and information from the most
recent events.
MORE: www.ledsmagazine.com/events
Konica Minolta Sensing Americas ............48 Shanxi Guangyu LED Lighting Co. Ltd. .....16
Lambda Research Corporation ................10 Shenzhen Baikang Optical Co. Ltd. ............5
Lauren Manufacturing .............................18 Shenzhen Bang-Bell ................................30
Ledlink Optics Inc. ..................................11 Electronics Co. Ltd.
Lightlab International ..............................42 Shenzhen Refond....................................24
Linear Technology .................................CV3 Optoelectronics Co. Ltd.
Lucite International .................................23 Signcomplex Limited ...............................61
Lynk Labs .................................................8 Sinkpad Corporation ...............................56
Matrix Lighting Limited, Hong Kong ........CV2 Supertex, Inc. .........................................60
MBN GmbH ............................................43 The Berguist Company ............................29
Mean Well USA Inc..................................27 The Korean Consulate General ................ 17
Morstar Electric ......................................63 Thomas Research Products .......................7
Para Light Corp. ......................................49 Underwriters Laboratories .......................46
Philips Lumileds .......................................2 Vossloh-Schwabe Deutschland GmbH ......22
Proto Labs Inc. .......................................14 Wagner & Associates ..............................28
Sapa Industrial .......................................21
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_________________________________________
news views
INDOOR LIGHTING

Osram and LRC

partner on Paramount
Pictures SSL project
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institutes Lighting Research Center
(LRC) and Osram Sylvania are working with Paramount
Pictures (Hollywood, CA) on a study of LED-based lighting
in a conference room that uses modular lighting tiles on the
ceiling and wall, a DC-powered grid, and energy-harvest-
ing wireless control. The solid-state lighting (SSL) project
is meant to explore sustainable lighting systems that can
also be adapted over time with tiles that snap in and out of
a grid as the usage needs of the space changes.
Lighting has fundamentally changed with SSL, said
Makarand Chipalkatti, senior director of SSL and emerg-
ing market initiatives at Osram Sylvania. He pointed out
that lighting installations have been dictated by things such
as wiring and traditional fi xtures, and that changes typi-
cally require new holes in walls and ceilings. Chipalkatti
CONFERENCE PREVIEW
The LED Show will cover chips
to lighting installations
Scheduled for July 30 through August 1 at the Rio Hotel convention
center in Las Vegas, Nevada, (www.theledshow.com). The LED Show
will include a pre-conference workshop day, two full days of confer-
ence sessions, and an exhibit floor with leading players in the solid-
state lighting (SSL) industry. Attendees will have the opportunity to
explore every facet of the LED lighting technology segment includ-
ing in-depth coverage of the latest in LED component technology all
of the way through the food chain to best practices in SSL projects.
Monday pre-conference workshops include sessions on lighting eco-
nomics, DMX lighting-control technology, the fundamentals of OLED
technology, and the basics of tax benefits and funding of SSL projects.
Speakers include prominent members of professional societies such
as Stephen Herman, the president of Illuminating Engineering Soci-
ety (IES) of Las Vegas, and executives from industry leaders Traxon
(an Osram brand) and Philips Lighting.
The main conference sessions run the gamut of the technical and
design areas that are fundamental to the success of SSL. Attendees
will hear from LED component technology experts representing Cree,
Nichia, Bridgelux, Osram Opto Semiconductors, and Luminus Devices.
Sessions focused on lighting products will include page 10
said that with SSL you have a new opportunity to think
about how you light space.
A look at the conference room in the nearby photo or on
the cover of the magazine scarcely reveals the technology
involved. The ceiling tiles measure 22 ft. The tiles snap into
the 24V DC grid that is compatible with the standard being
promulgated by the EMerge Alliance (www.ledsmagazine.
com/press/31914). The wall tiles use the same power grid
although the EMerge standard doesn't presently specify a
wall-mounting system so the LRC and Osram adapted the
technology with hooks for use on the walls.
The luminaires that are mounted along the centerline of
the room provide both task and ambient lighting. In page 12
OUTDOOR LIGHTING
Tower Bridge in London
receives Olympic
LED makeover
Tower Bridge, which crosses the river Thames in the
center of London and is one of the worlds most rec-
ognizable landmarks, has been transformed with a
new lighting system to mark the 2012 Olympic and
Paralympic Games. The bridge was illuminated in
white to celebrate the recent Queens Diamond Jubilee.
The new lighting system enhances the architectural
features of the bridge, and replaces static lights with
lamps that can vary in intensity and color, while at the
same time cutting energy consumption considerably.
MORE: www.ledsmagazine.com/news/9/5/30

LEDsmagazine.com JULY/AUGUST 2012 9

news+views
INDOOR LIGHTING

Cooper announces Zhaga-certified LED downlight

Cooper claims to have the first Zhaga-certified luminaire in the
IRiS Lighting System P3LED directional series of downlights that
uses a light engine designed to Zhaga Book 3 defining a spot light
engine with separate control gear. Most of the Zhaga-certified
claims to date have been focused specifically on modular light
engines. But Steve Pyshos, marketing manager at Cooper, said
that there are specific requirements in the luminaire design that
must comply with the Zhaga-defined mechanical, electrical, and
thermal interfaces.
Pyshos said that Underwriters Laboratories (UL), previously
announced as a certified Zhaga test lab (www. ledsmagazine.com/
news/9/2/32), had certified the P3LED for compliance. The lumi-
________
naire uses a Philips Fortimo SLM light engine.
The benefits of a Zhaga module are ease of design and
the potential for upgradeability. The P3LED series fea-
tures a 3-in aperture and delivers more than 1000 lm. Coo-
per offers the luminaire with a 3000K CCT and 85 CRI.
MORE: www.ledsmagazine.com/news/9/6/4

Conference from page 9
discussions on the quality and color of light
and how to characterize those attributes. Spe-
cial guest speaker Eunice Noell-Waggoner,
president of the Center of Design for an Aging
Society, will discuss the requirements and
capabilities of SSL with regards to the elderly.
Other sessions at The LED Show will
address adaptive control technologies and
luminaire design. Closing the show will be
two luminaries of the lighting industry
Terry Walsh from Tempo and Chip Israel of
Lighting Design Alliance. The topic is Light-
ing the future. With Terry and Chip you
will hear unabashed facts and expert opin-
ion from the lighting manufacturer and
designer perspectives. To get a flavor, peruse
LED lighting embrace the change, seize
the opportunity or become irrelevant (www.
___
ledsmagazine.com/features/8/3/12) and LED
lighting begins to mature but must overcome
early SSL problems (www.ledsmagazine.
com/features/8/2/6). These two have been
involved with LED lighting from the start.

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____________________
news+views
SSL project from page 9
the center of each luminaire, there is a section
of the diffuser that allows a directional group
of LEDs to light the conference table. The rest
of the diffuser spreads light from LEDs spaced
around the entire area of the fi xture.
The wedge-shaped luminaires along each
side of the centerline include a diff user and
an LED array for ambient lighting. And as
you can see from the photo on page 9 the
fi xtures also emit light from the side of the
wedge. Th at color-tunable light might be
set to blue or violet during a video presen-
tation, but might be more effective when
set to white during a discussion session.
The wedge-shaped wall fi xtures, located
on both sides of the whiteboard, emit light
upward to fill out the ambient lighting
needs of the room.
Nadarajah Narendran, LRC director
of research and head of LRCs SSL Pro-
gram said the fixtures become part of
the architecture of the room. Meanwhile,
the design was conceived to enhance the
productivity in the space. The team uses
the term cloud to describe the overhead
lights and notes that the design produces
no glare and you cant see any pixel effects
from the LEDs.
The team used two EMerge Alliance power
supplies to supply the DC power, although
once it was complete they learned a single
supply could handle the room. Note that the
posters on the right side of the room are lit
from behind and powered by the same grid.
Those posters dont match the 22-ft size of
the tiles, but such elements could be part of
any tile-based system.
The control system in the room uses
wireless technology from Illumra that is
based on a standard being promulgated by
the EnOcean Alliance that was originally
developed by the commercial company
EnOcean. The switches harvest the kinetic
energy created when a person depresses a
switch. That small amount of energy allows
a microcontroller to awaken and quickly
transmit a command to the fi xtures. The


switches are not connected by wires of any
kind. The wireless receiver in the fi xtures is
powered from the DC grid.
The team chose the EnOcean Alliance
technology due to its simplicity and inher-
ent energy savings. The control box you
see in center of the conference table on
page 9 includes a number of switches. The
EnOcean technology allows simple linking
of each switch to one or more of the mod-
ular tiles.
The team working on the Paramount
project has yet to fully characterize the
installation in terms of power consumption
or photometric performance. The installa-
tion was designed to meet Californias Title
24 energy-consumption requirements.
Moreover, the project has been funded in
part by the California Energy Commissions
Public Interest Energy Research Program
(PIER). Its also a follow on to the Future
Ties project (w w w.ledsmagazine.com/
news/2/12/20) that the LRC and Osram
_________
partnered on back in 2005.











 






 





 _______________
 

12 JULY/AUGUST 2012 LEDsmagazine.com

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 funding
programs
JEDEC publishes four international
thermal-testing standards for LEDs
The JEDEC Solid State Technology
Association, the standards organization
based in Arlington, VA, has announced the
publication of a series of international stan-
dards for component-level testing of high-
brightness/power LEDs. Development within
JEDECs JC-15 Committee, the four standards,
JESD51-50, JESD51-51, JESD51-52 and JESD51-
53, are in compliance with the International
Commission on Illumination's (CIE) existing
LED measurement recommendations.
In general lighting applications, thermal
design is critical to ensuring expected LED
lifetimes and light output. To date, a lack of
widely accepted thermal testing standards
for LED components meant that published
data-sheet information was often question-
able. The solid-state lighting (SSL) commu-
nity relies heavily on JEDEC standards to
defi ne, for instance, environmental stress,
mechanical stress and LED assembly-pro-
cess stress procedures for LED components.
Caliper Report 15 compares flood lights
The US Department of Energys (DOEs) lat-
est Caliper report on LED flood lights has
indicated that the range of lumen output and
available luminous intensity distributions
must expand to better match conventional
flood lights. Series 15 round of Caliper test-
ing involved 10 LED flood lights that were
purchased between August and December
of 2011. The summary of the results has indi-
cated there are several key areas in which
LED flood lights should be improved to make
them more competitive with conventional
flood lights. These include higher lumen
LEDsmagazine.com
However, more specific recommendations for
data sheets and test procedures were needed.
The JEDEC51-5X series standards are
designed for LED manufacturers and LED
integrators who assemble LEDs to sub-
strates. The standards clearly recommend
information that should be provided on data
sheets, while also defi ning LED test envi-
ronments and procedures. Th is approach
is designed to remove previously existing
ambiguity about how thermal performance
of an LED package or a metal core printed
circuit board (MCPCB) assembled LED
device is identified.
John Kelly, JEDEC president, noted, Clear
guidelines for the thermal testing of LEDs
were needed, and the publication of JESD51-
50, 51, 52 and 53 is the result of quick action
by industry leaders and JEDECs JC-15 Com-
mittee. JEDEC is pleased to offer manufac-
turers a comprehensive solution for their
testing needs.
output, narrower spot distributions and a
wider range of accessories to allow custom-
ization. The summary report is available at
the DOE SSL website (http://www1.eere.
energy.gov/buildings/ssl/reports.html).
The 10 LED flood lights tested repre-
sent a broad range of conventional lumi-
naires designated as flood lights. Perfor-
mance varied greatly among the products.
The LED flood lights performed well in
terms of efficacy but they did not match
the lumen output of high-wattage metal-
halide lamps. CRI of the LED flood lights
DOE announces $7
million in latest SSL
manufacturing funding
The US Department of Energy (DOE) has
announced that it has selected three
projects for solid-state lighting (SSL)
as part of its 3rd round of funding for
SSL Manufacturing R&D. These two-
year projects will focus on achieving
significant cost reductions while main-
taining quality by improving manufac-
turing equipment, processes and moni-
toring techniques. Unfortunately, at the
same time US Congressional funding
cuts have affected this years funding for
new core-technology research and prod-
uct development projects.
Total DOE funding for the three proj-
ects is $7.1 million and leverages an
additional $5 million in private-sector
funding from the three awarded com-
panies. Cree, based in Durham, NC, has
been awarded one project, with the goal
of developing an optimized LED fi xture
that can be readily integrated into build-
ings and outdoor applications using
fewer raw materials.
Another recipient, KLA Tencor based
in Milpitas, CA, will seek to improve
the color consistency of LEDs by devel-
oping a high-precision hot-testing tool
that can be used during LED manufac-
turing. The final recipient, k-Space Asso-
ciates of Dexter, MI, will build on the
companys existing optical monitoring
methods to enable high-precision mea-
surement of OLED layers. The tool, which
measures layer thickness and composi-
tion, is designed to provide production-
level control of OLED efficiency, color
and lifetime.
The DOE also has announced that due
to funding limitations, it will not select
or fund any projects in SSL Core Tech-
nology or Product Development for fis-
cal year 2012. Although the DOE received
quality submissions, Congressional
cutbacks led the DOE to postpone the
release of new solicitations for these pro-
grams (which would normally be issued
in summer 2012) until 2013.
JULY/AUGUST 2012 15
 funding programs
UL opens lighting test center in Burago, Italy
On May 15, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
opened a new European lighting test facil-
ity called the Centre of Excellence in Burago,
Monza Brianza province, Italy. Intended to
serve all of Europe, the new facility will test
LED-based solid-state lighting (SSL) prod-
ucts for compliance with applicable safety,
modular, efficiency, and quality standards.
The new center encompasses 3000 m 2 ,
employs 30 people, and represents an invest-
ment in excess of $2 million. European custom-
ers can use the lab for accreditation to safety
standards recognized in local markets around
the globe including North America, Europe,
China, Japan, Australia, India, and Brazil.
The new facility will also test modular
products for compatibility with standards
set by the Zhaga Consortium for interopera-
ble modules. The lab offers testing for Zhaga-
Book 1-7. Performance testing includes com-
pliance with photometric standards such
as the LM series defined in North America.
Finally, the lab will test products for compli-
ance with energy-efficiency standards such
as Energy Star for the US as well as Euro-
pean, Chinese, and Brazilian standards.
"We actually brought together the tradi-
tional safety testing, plus the performance
evaluation and energy efficiency testing all
together under one roof," said Sajeev Jesudas,
president of UL verification services. "From
that perspective, this lab is one of a kind and
may be a prototype for future labs."
The grand-opening ceremony was attended
by Giovanni Stringhini, the mayor of Burago;
Kyle Scott, consul general of the US to Milan;
Gitte Schjoltz, president of UL Europe and
Latin America; Paolo Bertoldi, director-
ate general of European Commission Joint
Research Centre; Axel Baschnagel, chair of
the Promotion Work Group at Zhaga; Jurgen
Strum, president of the Global Lighting Asso-
ciation (GLA) and the European Lamp Com-
panies Federation (ELC); Alvaro Andorlini,
president of CELMA; and Patrizia D Sano,
president of ASSIL.
Caliper Report from page 15
was in the range of typical metal-halide and
CFL lamps, but the correlated color temper-
ature (CCT) of several products exceeded
that of conventional products (>5000K).
In terms of luminous intensity distribu-
tion, the majority of the LED flood lights
had wide distributions. Producing narrow
spotlights with LED fi xtures has proven dif-
ficult according to the report.
Traditional LED luminaire advantages
such as longer lifetime, better quality of
light, high efficacy and dimming capabil-
ity could outweigh some disadvantages
depending on the application for the LED
flood light.
Beginning in 2012, each Caliper summary
report focuses on a single product type or
application. Caliper Report 14 involved the
testing of 11 6-in round LED downlights,
which performed well in comparison with
60W to 100W incandescent downlights and
13W to 32W CFL downlights (ledsmagazine.
_________
com/news/9/4/26).
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assembly | AC-LED S
AC-LED lighting products find
niche, perhaps more
AC-LED assemblies often can produce light output levels and efficacies of DC-LED assemblies, while
eliminating the AC-to-DC converter. But can they move beyond niche applications, asks LAURA PETERS?
T
he concept of an AC LED is an ele-
gant one. Because you can eliminate
the AC-to-DC converter and sev-
eral other electronic components that DC
LEDs require, the electronics are simplified
between the AC power source and the LED.
Indeed, the AC-LED approach, which allows
operation directly from line voltage or low-
voltage AC transformers, can be as simple
as an LED package and a ballast resistor for
some applications. In others, the AC LEDs
may require optimization of power manage-
ment (power factor correction and total har-
monic distortion (THD)). To date, AC LEDs
application has been limited to niche appli-
cations such as cove lighting, garden light-
ing and decorative lighting, but the manu-
facturers of AC-LED assemblies claim that
the entire LED retrofit-lamp market could
one day be served by AC-LED schemes.
This article explores the commercial
availability of AC-LED packages, assem-
blies and light engines and explains the rea-
soning behind an AC-LED approach that is
designed to integrate more seamlessly with
an AC electrical grid system than DC LEDs.
It also delves into AC LEDs potential in the
replacement lamp market, including MR16
lamps, A-lamps and downlights.
What does AC LED mean?
Its important to note that AC LED is really
a misnomer: LEDs are diodes with current
flowing in one direction (as in direct cur-
rent). However, with a so-called AC-LED
scheme, LEDs can be connected directly to
the mains power supply (typically 110V/60
Hz or 230V/50 Hz) and create light without
the use of a typical driver. For each half-cycle
LAURA PETERS is the Senior Technical Editor
of LEDs Magazine.
LEDsmagazine.com
of the ACs sinusoidal wave-
form, half of the LEDs
emit light and half are
dark; this is reversed
during the next half-
cycle. In this config-
uration, sometimes
referred to as true
AC or an antiparal-
lel approach, a large
number of LEDs in
series can operate
directly from line voltage.
However, this approach has
produced LED strings with limited
efficacy. Therefore, several years ago AC-LED
suppliers including Lynk Labs of Elgin, IL,
Seoul Semiconductor of Seoul, Korea, and
Epistar of Hsinchu, Taiwan, began produc-
ing LEDs that operate directly from low to
high AC voltages with simple control cir-
cuitry. This includes low-voltage direct AC to
high-voltage rectified LEDs. The LEDs typ-
ically accept between 12V on the low side
on up to 240V today. One common design
approach uses a series of LEDs to reach the
55V peak for the rising edge or trailing edge
for the 110V line voltage, for instance. This
is really an AC implementation using a high-
voltage architecture, explained Brian Wil-
cox, vice president of Seoul Semiconductor,
North America, a maker of AC and DC LEDs,
assemblies and packages.
In comparison, DC LEDs require a driver
to condition the AC power infrastructure to
provide a DC low-voltage regulated power
source for the LED light engine. This driver
includes an AC-to-DC converter, typically a
large electrolytic capacitor as well as other
electronic components that can number
up to 20 on the driver board for a 7W MR16
lamp. Even more components are used in
FIG. 1. At 220V, the Seoul Semiconductor
16W downlight assembly achieves 1250
lm at 3000K and 120 viewing angle.
high-power applications. However, Wilcox
stated that despite the simpler electronics
scheme, the challenge with AC LED is you
have to eliminate obstacles like total har-
monic distortion, improve power-factor cor-
rection and provide zonal dimming. None of
these three steps is trivial, especially when
youre trying to do them all at once.
In fact, one could argue it was these limi-
tations, and the lower efficacy relative to DC
approaches, that have limited AC-LED adop-
tion in the past. However, recent AC-LED and
high-voltage products have largely addressed
these concerns. Likewise, new designs have
had to address flicker. Many people say AC
LEDs flicker. But flicker is really a function
of the spatial separation of AC LEDs, which
arises when the LEDs are spaced too far apart
and the eye can pick up the rectified compo-
nent at 50 or 60 Hz. said Mike Miskin, CEO of
Lynk Labs, an AC-LED package, assembly and
driver maker. Some of the companys latest
designs use a high-frequency design scheme,
JULY/AUGUST 2012 19
assembly | AC LED S
stepping down the voltage using an electronic
transformer or other method and creating a
high-frequency signal (1000 Hz or higher) so
that flicker is not a problem.
The fruits of the labor are the latest AC-
LED light engines with better compatibility
with the existing infrastructure, increased
luminaire reliability due to fewer compo-
nents and potentially faster time to market.
Types of AC LEDs
According to Miskin, there are essentially
three fl avors of AC LEDs on the market:
low-voltage AC, high-voltage direct AC and
high-voltage rectified AC. Low-voltage AC
operates from 12V or 24V AC lines that have
a magnetic or electronic transformer. Low-
voltage AC is typically self-rectified from
AC to DC. Th is is found in outdoor garden
lighting, cove lighting and in linear retail
lighting. High-voltage AC (15-55V) uses a
bridge-rectified topology where the LEDs
are driven in a pulsed DC mode every half
cycle. With high-voltage rectified AC, some
______________________
20 JULY/AUGUST 2012
form of current-control circuitry is incor-
porated to keep the current from running
too high during peaks in the voltage curve
and doing damage to the LEDs.
AC-LED technology can be described
as scalable because multiple AC LEDs can
be run in series to match the line voltage
level. Lighting applications requiring 12V
to 277V AC can be accommodated in this
way. In fact, AC LEDs can even be driven at
resonance for maximum efficiency, which is FIG. 2A. An un-assembled MR16 lamp
not possible with DC. Miskin explained that with DC LEDs.
Lynk has devised a new method for driving
AC LEDs near resonance so that even if one
lamp were removed or failed, the remain-
ing lamps would still operate effectively. In
the future, we believe that high frequency
can be used to match the RLC component
of the actual AC-LED chip or package and
that can potentially allow for efficiencies up
to 98% in AC-LED systems, he said.
Replacement lamp design
The key target market for low-voltage and
FIG. 2B. Lynk Labs 12V AC LED COB
packages.
FIG. 2C. Seoul Semiconductor 120V
AC LED assembly uses 4W to achieve
35W-equivalent MR16.
high-voltage AC designs today is really the
replacement lamp market, including small-
footprint lamps such as G4, G8, GU10 and
MR16 lamps as well as B10 replacement
lamps for chandeliers. The companies are
also designing products for A-lamps, BR
lamps and linear module replacements for
fluorescent tubes.
Downlights are a key target market for AC
schemes because often downlight fi xtures
afford little extra space for additional elec-
tronics. In addition, any space that is avail-
able typically needs to be dedicated to the
LEDsmagazine.com
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assembly | AC LED S
heat sink. For example, the Seoul Semiconduc-
tor Acrich2 16W downlight assembly (Fig. 1)
features a lumen output of 1250 lm at 3000K
CCT and 120 viewing angle.
Fig. 2 compares a DC-LED approach with its
electronics to two AC-LED approaches. With
a diameter of only 2 inches and length of less
than 2 inches, the MR16 lamp or GU10, the lat-
ter of which connects directly to line voltage,
are prime candidates for the AC module.
Ultimately, cost and reliability will drive
the selection of AC-LED schemes over the
more established DC-LED alternative. We
have already reduced the package cost sub-
stantially, which accounts for 40% of LED
cost, by going to chip-on-board or surface-
mount device implementations, said Wil-
cox. He argues, however, that the goal of
reaching the $10 per 60W-equivalent bulb,
often cited as an adoption point for consum-
ers, can only be met by eliminating the high
component cost in LED lamps and lumi-
naires. The best way to achieve the step-
function decrease in cost is with driverless
AC implementations. He added that the
fi rst products to hit commercial retail big-
box stores will be replacement lamps that do
not require dimming, some of which will be
larger form factors like A19 and BR30.
I feel confident we will see bulbs in the
fi rst half of 2012 at $15 for a 60W replace-
ment and $10 by the end of the year, from
reputable companies, with some of those
being driverless. Th is will include retrofit
bulbs and downlight replacements these
are really good fits, said Wilcox.
Ambient or accent lighting (Fig. 3) is
another core application for AC LED. Shown
are the LED module and resistor.
As indicated previously, for such products
to prevail in the marketplace, they must fea-
ture equal or better light output, efficacy,
power factor correction and THD to DC
LED light engines. Though light output and
efficacy must be compared one-to-one for a
given application, we will look at the issue of
power management for AC LEDs.
Power management
As discussed, poor power management in
the form of power factor correction and THD
limited the early adoption of AC LEDs. The
power factor refers to the ratio of the real
power used by the lamp or luminaire versus
the apparent power. In AC-LED approaches,
FIG. 3. Lynk Labs SnapBrite 120V
AC puck module for ambient lighting
produces 120 lm using 2W of power.
the load is non-linear so power factor is
potentially a bigger concern.
THD is a numeric representation of dis-
tortion in the current waveform relative
to the sinusoidal voltage waveform on the
AC mains. Harmonics are unwanted cur-
rents at multiples of the fundamental line
frequency (e.g., 50 or 60 Hz), which create
power losses. Though it is beyond the scope
of this article, different types of condition-
ing circuits (including resistors and switch-
mode power supplies) are used to limit THD
in AC light engines.
Wilcox noted that in Seoul Semiconduc-
tors Acrich2 product line, power manage-
ment has been optimized for 90% power effi-
ciency and <25% THD.
Dimming
One of the core advantages of AC-LED
approaches is the compatibility with phase-
cut (triac) dimmers. We can dim down to
2%, which is a real advantage, said Miskin.
In addition, Lynk Labs has introduced tech-
nology that warms the color of the light
upon dimming from 4000K to 2000K using
AC LEDs and current-limiting components.
Conclusions
AC-LED light engines provide a compel-
ling platform especially for retrofit lamps.
Whether they become the choice for lamp
and luminaire manufacturers will depend
on the combined performance and cost of
these solutions compared to the better-
established DC-LED assemblies and light
engines. The race to produce a $10 LED
60W-incandescent-equivalent lamp could
be won by either or both technologies.
LEDsmagazine.com
________________
____________
patents | REMOTE PHOSPHORS

Patents compete for priority in the

remote-phosphor LED technology space
Remote-phosphor technology for LED lighting applications is a hotbed of innovation, with companies
such as Intematix and Cree leading the way, as LILY LI explains.

I
n April 2012, Intematix unveiled its new differently colored LEDs, or
ChromaLit XT remote-phosphor light- depositing a yellow phosphor
ing solution. This optic design integrates layer on a royal-blue LED die
innovative remote-phosphor technology to to convert the wavelength of
produce a material that can withstand tem- the light. Unfortunately, these
peratures of up to 270C , and can increase processes are highly ineffi-
LED system efficiency by up to 30% (www. ___ cient. Mixing multiple LED
ledsmagazine.com/press/34816). colors requires costly inven-
The importance of Intematixs new prod- tory processes. Depositing a
uct and other remote-phosphor innovations phosphor layer for each LED
cannot be ignored. After all, remote phos- die causes inconsistency in
phor addresses a fundamental pain point LED color temperature (CCT)
in the solid-state lighting industry and the and color rendering (CRI), as
one main barrier to widespread adoption of a phosphor layer will degrade
LEDs: cost, cost, cost. But intellectual prop- over time due to the heat of
erty concerns cloud the picture for remote- the LED die.
phosphor usage. Remote phosphors address
this fundamental cost pain-
Market potential point by bonding the phos-
Though LED lights cost less than incandes- FIG. 1. Intematix ChromaLit Candle phosphor-coated optic phor coating to a substrate
cent bulbs and CFLs in the long run, due to that is at a distance from the
energy savings and bulb longevity, consum- lished in January 2012 (www.ledsmagazine. LED die. Having a phosphor layer that is sep-
ers still view light bulbs as consumer perish- com/news/9/1/32) predicted that LEDs will arate from the LED die increases the longev-
ables more akin to disposable toothpaste occupy up to 73.7% of all lighting applica- ity and reliability of LEDs, by reducing the
tubes and toilet-paper rolls than durable tions in the United States by 2030, and con- temperature of the phosphor coating.
products like furniture and door frames. sequently drive down the energy costs of More importantly, remote phosphors
The $55 sticker price on a high-quality LED lighting by 46%. These DOE estimates, how- streamline the entire LED manufactur-
lamp still shocks most consumers, when the ever, require a more than 100% increase in ing and inventory process. Currently, com-
alternative is a $2-3 incandescent bulb (with LED efficacy (measured by lumens per watt), panies stock LEDs that produce blue light
a nice warm light). As a result, LED produc- a 50-200% increase in bulb longevity, and across multiple wavelengths, in order to
ers need to drive costs down to parity with an 18-fold decrease in price over the same produce white light of different color tem-
conventional bulbs in order to overtake the time span. peratures and quality. With remote phos-
lighting market. phor, companies can stock fewer blue wave-
Even the most optimistic forecasts of the Cost advantages of remote phosphor lengths and target specific CCTs and CRI by
LED industry demand dramatic improve- Generally, to produce the broad-spectrum replacing the remote-phosphor substrate.
ments in LED efficiency and price. A US white light that we love, LED manufactur-
Department of Energy (DOE) report pub- ers use one of two different methods: mixing Battle Royale?
Given the potential size of the LED light-
LILY LI is a Patent Strategist at IP Checkups (www.ipcheckups.com). Disclaimer: IP Checkups is ing market, and the revolutionary nature
a research firm that provides technical analysis and technical opinions. IP Checkups is not a of remote phosphors to the industry, a bat-
law firm. The research, technical analysis and/or work proposed or provided by IP Checkups and tle already rages on for ownership of the
contained herein is not a legal opinion and should not be construed as such. fundamental technology behind remote

LEDsmagazine.com JULY/AUGUST 2012 25

patents | REMOTE PHOSPHORS

Patent filing publications phosphors. Our analysis will focus on two

200 Remote Phosphors of the biggest players in the field: Cree and
180 Intematix.
Yag Phosphors
160 Philips also has a strong portfolio in
140 Rare Earth Phosphors remote phosphors and engages in market
120
competition with Cree and Intematix (Fig.
Source: IP Checkups
2). However, Philips already has access to
100
Crees remote-phosphor patents through a
80
cross-license agreement in 2010, and so will
60
not be the focus of our analysis.
40
20 Cree
0 Cree is a multinational LED lighting com-
Showa Cree Samsung Panasonic Sumitomo Philips Semiconductor Toshiba Intematix
Denko Energy pany based in Durham, North Carolina.
Over the past three years, Cree has main-
FIG. 2. Company comparison of phosphor technologies and applications. Publications
tained a dominant position in phosphor
from 01/01/2009 to 02/01/2012.
innovations across all top LED manufac-
turers (Fig. 2). For remote phosphors spe-
Patent filing publications cifically, Cree has 42 patent applications
25 across Europe, Japan, and the United
European applications States, and 13 international patent appli-
European grants
20
cations (Fig. 3). Most importantly, Cree has
US applications
10 issued patents in the United States, but
US grants
so far none abroad.
15 WIPO
Japan
Just this past fall, Cree launched a licens-
Other ing program (www.cree.com/about-cree/
10 Total licensing/licensees)
_____________ for its remote-phos-

Source: IP Checkups
phor technology, a move that positions the
5 company as both an advocate of remote-
phosphor technology and an enforcer of its
IP ownership rights. George Brandes, Crees
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 director of intellectual property licensing,
said: If you want to make a white light
FIG. 3. Crees patent filing velocity in remote-phosphor technology, broken down with a blue LED and a phosphor, you prob-
across European, United States, Japanese, and WIPO publications. ably want to have access to Cree patents...
we feel that they are fundamental to mak-
Patent filing publications ing a remote-phosphor luminaire. (www. ___

30
ledsmagazine.com/news/8/12/24.) So far,
European applications Aurora Energie, Horner, Ledzworld Tech-
European grants nology, Vexica Technology, and Wyndsor
25
US applications Lighting have signed up for Crees licens-
US grants
ing program.
20 WIPO
Cree has yet to publicize the list of fun-
Japan
Other
damental patents in its remote-phosphor
15
Total licensing program. We can infer the list,
however, by analyzing Crees patent port-
10 Source: IP Checkups
folio for remote-phosphor technology (see
Table 1 in the full-length version of this arti-
5 cle on our website at www.ledsmagazine.
com/features/9/7/1). The process involves
0 de-duplicating patent family members (i.e.
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
ignoring additional patent fi lings based on
the same core invention), but including all
FIG. 4. Intematixs patent filing velocity in remote-phosphor technology, broken down issued patents.
across European, United States, Japanese, and WIPO publications. Crees fi rst issued patent in the remote-

26 JULY/AUGUST 2012 LEDsmagazine.com

_____________________
patents | REMOTE PHOSPHORS

Patent filing publications (December 1999) of US 6,350,041 in relation

30 to the rest of Crees portfolio also suggests
the importance of this innovation, as pat-
25 ents with an earlier priority date can serve
as prior art to subsequent patents and affect
20
their validity.
Intematix remote phosphors
Cree remote phosphors
Intematix
15
Source: IP Checkups Despite Crees position on remote-phos-
phor licensing, Intematix has charted its
10
own course in remote-phosphor technol-
ogy and has yet to take a license from Cree.
5
Intematix, a phosphor technology com-
pany based in Fremont, California, has
0 31 remote-phosphor patent applications
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
across Europe, Japan, and the United States,
FIG. 5. A comparison of Intematix and Crees patent filing velocities in remote- and 13 more international patent applica-
phosphor technologies, including European, US, Japanese, and WIPO publications. tions (Fig. 4). Most importantly, Intematix
has 5 issued patents in the United States,
phosphor space (US 6,3500,41 B1 entitled High output radial dis- but none abroad.
persing lamp using a solid state light source) is cited by 167 patents, Intematix is developing its own patent rights, and from what we
including a patent by Intematix. The high number of citations sug- can tell, is also launching a full market campaign to advocate its
gests that other experts in the field consider this patent to repre- own remote-phosphor technology. So far, Intematix has met with
sent fundamental technology in the space. The early priority date success, and the companys ChromaLit remote-phosphor line and
other phosphor innovations have caught the eye of investors. Just
this past March, Intematix received $16.2 million in funding (www.___
ledsmagazine.com/news/9/3/8).
___________________
Unlike Cree, Intematix has decided on a full disclosure policy for
its remote-phosphor patents. The Intematix website lists a selec-
tion of its remote-phosphor patents (www.intematix.com/technol-
__________________
ogy/intellectual-property/ip-chart),
______________________ and the de-duplicated portfo-
lio of published patents is shown in Table 2 (www.ledsmagazine.
com/features/9/7/1).
Intematixs 2012 ChromaLit brochure mentions that the Intematix
remote-phosphor portfolio is 56 patents strong, suggesting that the
company has filed more patents within the last 18 months that are
yet to be published.
Fig. 5 compares the patent filing velocities for Cree and Intematix
in the remote-phosphor space. Crees licensing program could
pose a problem for Intematix, as the priority date of Intematixs
first issued remote-phosphor patent is March 2006, seven years
after Crees 6,350,041 patent. The Intematix website suggests,
however, that remote phosphor has a long history that predates
even Crees patents, evolving from remote phosphor developed for
use in the auto industry in the 1980s (www.intematix.com/tech-
_________________

nology/history-of-phosphor).
__________________ The implication is that Crees (and
Intematixs) remote-phosphor patents merely build upon existing
technology, and do not (and should not) preclude future techni-
cal improvements.
In fact, one of Intematixs issued patents (US 7,915,627 B2, enti-

LINKS

LED PatentEdge offers access to comprehensive LED patent database

www.ledsmagazine.com/news/9/3/6

28 JULY/AUGUST 2012 LEDsmagazine.com

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patents | REMOTE PHOSPHORS
tled Light emitting device with phos-
phor wavelength conversion), cites
Crees 6,350,041 patent and discusses the
innovation within the patent text (Fig.
6). The 6,350,041 reference came before
Intematixs patent examiner multiple
times, and yet the examiner did not use
Crees patent to block any of the claims
in Intematixs patents. Though not the
Gelcore LLC
Cree Lighting Company
U Philips Corporation
Nichia Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
Samsung Electro Mechanics
Intematix Corporation
Intematix Corporation
Intematix Corporation
Intematix Corporation
FIG. 6. Citation tree of Intematixs US7,915,627 remote-phosphor patent.
fi nal word on the subject, this shows that
Intematixs innovation was enough of an
improvement on Crees intellectual prop-
erty to warrant patent protection.
Light at the end of the tunnel
Both Intematix and Cree have strong posi-
tions in the remote-phosphor space. Cree
has a larger patent portfolio than Intematix
Foxsemicon Integrated
fwd
Intematix Corporation
bwd
Intematix Corporation
Intematix Corporation
Source: Thomson Reuters
and earlier priority dates for some of its key
patents, but the IP system will still protect
Intematixs technological improvements
as long as they are novel and non-obvious.
Though the lawyers and courts may ulti-
mately have to decide ownership of remote-
phosphor technologies, this will not stop
innovation. Cree and Intematix still have
plenty of room to develop their next new
products, increase LED efficiency and lon-
gevity, and decrease LED prices for broad
market adoption.
Regardless of how the patent battles play
out, the competition between Intematix
and Cree is a boon for the LED industry as
a whole. In the on-going fight for technolog-
ical dominance, LED companies will have
the incentive to innovate and winnow down
costs far enough to establish a deeper pres-
ence in markets that still have enormous
growth potential.
View the full-length version of this article at:
www.ledsmagazine.com/features/9/7/1
________________
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show report | LIGHTFAIR INTERNATIONAL

The sentiment at Lightfair this year had moved beyond the idea of LEDs becoming the
predominant light source toward consideration of what only can be accomplished with SSL,
report LAURA PETERS and MAURY WRIGHT.

t was once again difficult to find products that werent LED based on the we want to do is show what they look like under all
2012 Lightfair International (LFI) exhibit floor. Still, there was a new feel- of these different colors and intensities.
ing to the show as the industry begins to consider what new can be accom- Early on, Debevecs work enabled the replacement
plished with LED sources that has been impossible with legacy sources. SSL of an actors face with a virtual copy in some rel-
products in traditional forms such as retrofit lamps remained hot, but new form atively-far-off scenes. One reason a director might
factors and concepts were far more exciting. want to do so is to have more freedom in lighting
Indeed, one of the keynotes took what LEDs make possible to an extreme. Paul and shading. More recently in movies such as The
Debevec, associate director of graphics research for the University of Southern Cal- curious case of Benjamin Button, an animated
ifornia Institute for Creative Technologies, presented Avatar and beyond: Lighting face was used in much of the movie, including in
Hollywoods real and virtual actors. Debevec has been involved with a number of close-up speaking scenes, when Brad Pitts charac-
Hollywood films in which photo-realistic digital actors have been used in the place ter was very old. Debevec said traditional old-age
of human actors. makeup wouldnt deliver the realism that the direc-
It turns out that a key to realistically animating faces including facial expres- tor wanted, but a virtual actor did.
sions and lips during speech is accurately capturing the way the real actors face Debevecs team can only work its magic with LED
looks under various lighting conditions. We record how a persons face looks like lighting that they use in whats called a Light Stage
from a unit intensity white light source from every direction, said Debevec. What where LED lamps surround an actor and comput-
ers scan the lit face. The latest light
stage that enables capture of full-
body data uses 6,666 LED sources.
The LED lights are controllable by
a computer in groups of six and the
patterns can be changed 20,000 times
per second. Debevec said only LED
sources are bright enough and can
respond quickly enough for the task
at hand. If you missed the keynote, see
examples of Debevecs work at www. ___
debevec.org.
_______
Moving from the fringe to the
mainstream, think about LEDs in
several ways to get a sense of the LFI
2012 exhibits. LED sources enable
traditional lamps that outperform
legacy sources. LEDs enable all new
form factors. And via compatibility
with control technologies, LEDs will
make ubiquitous smart lighting hap-
pen. We provide examples of all of the
above in the following pages.

32 JULY/AUGUST 2012 LEDsmagazine.com

 Retrofit lamps
The lure of more efficient light sources for the existing Edison
socket keeps driving the retrofit lamp trend. The big news at LFI
2012 was lamp announcements designed to replace the 100W
incandescent lamp. It appears we will see the first such prod-
1 ucts on the market later this year. Most will be in the A21 form
factor with a maximum globe diameter of 2 5/8 in as supposed
to the A19 from factor with a diameter of 2 3/8 in. GE Lighting,
however, says it will deliver a true A19 retrofit. We also saw new
PAR and BR retrofit lamps. And the report on MR16 lamps that
ran in our June issue included some LFI news in that area (www.
____
ledsmagazine.com/features/9/6/8).
_________________________

1. PHILIPS LIGHTINGS 100W-equivalent lamp looks very simi-

lar to the existing EnduraLED family of products thats available
in up to 75W-equivalent versions. The familiar remote-phosphor
design uses four optical segments in the 100W version. Philips
says that its 23W design will produce almost 1700 lm and that
the product will be available in the 4th quarter. Philips also
introduced new PAR directional and BR diffused lamps in the
EnduraLED family that integrate a thermal design that the com-
pany calls AirFlux (pictured). The design uses air channels for
cooling but eliminates the bulky cooling fins that are common
2
on retrofit lamps. Philips said the lamps offer 75% energy sav-
ings relative to legacy sources.

2. OSRAM SYLVANIA may well be first to market with a

100W-equivalent lamp. In deed the company had shown a pro-
totype of the product at LFI last year. The company said it will
ship the product as part of its Ultra A-line family this summer.
Switch Lighting has made numerous announcements about
100W-equivalent lamps, but despite bravado has yet to ship
products. The products demonstrated at LFI, including a 3-way
lamp, appear to have been refined from earlier designs with
a new mounting structure for the LEDs inside the liquid-filled
dome (www.ledsmagazine.com/products/34509). Perhaps the
biggest surprise at LFI came from Intematix as the phosphor
specialist showed what the company said was a ready-to-man-
ufacture 100W-equivalent reference design using a ChromaLit
Contour optic.

3. GE LIGHTING announced its Energy Smart 100W-equivalent

lamp that delivers 1600 lm and a relatively-warm 3000K CCT.
The company says the lamp will dissipate 27W and will be rated
for 25,000 hours of life. The thermal scheme used in the GE
lamp is significant in that it is in part responsible for the A19
size and is the only announced mainstream retrofit lamp that
will use active cooling. The design uses a Nuventix SynJet cooler
that relies on a moving diaphragm to create cooling pulses of
3 air. GE has both invested in Nuventix and licensed technology
from the company. Presumably the enhanced thermal design
enabled a smaller-diameter globe. Still, the GE lamp wont ship
until the first quarter of 2013.

JULY/AUGUST 2012 33
Adaptive controls
We expected to see a lot of adaptive control
technology at LFI, and that was certainly the
case. What was perhaps surprising was the fact
that many players remain focused on proprie-
tary approaches to networks that connect lighting
products (www.ledsmagazine.com/features/9/2/6). 4
Leading up to LFI, we carried several articles about
ZigBee wireless networks and a maturation of the
ZigBee standards for lighting (www.ledsmagazine.
com/features/9/3/9). There was some evident support
for ZigBee but its not clear that the industry sees the
technology as ubiquitous. There was a startup called
Ketra lurking off the show floor that had some really
revolutionary ideas about how to integrate controls
and optical communications using the same LEDs
that produce light as sensors (www.ledsmagazine.com/
news/9/5/22).
__________

4. PHILIPS LIGHTING was the biggest name at LFI

with ZigBee-based products on display. Indeed, the
company showed the previously-announced OccuSwitch
Wireless Occupancy Sensor that combines a sensor and
a ZigBee-enabled wall switch. At LFI, the company also
announced the OccuSwitch Wireless LightManager (pic-
tured). That product, however, appears to be a private-
labeled version of Daintrees Wireless Access Controller.

5. DAINTREE NETWORKS has been the most vocal sup-

porter of ZigBee wireless technology. Moreover, the com-
pany is adamant that implementations meet a full stack
of ZigBee standards whereas some companies use lower
layers of the ZigBee network stack with proprietary addi-
tions. Daintree exhibited its ControlScope system and a
new array of ZigBee wireless adapters that can be inte-
grated into luminaires (pictured). Its also worth noting
that Cree partners with many companies and Daintree
recently announced a ZigBee installation with Cree lumi-
naires (www.ledsmagazine.com/news/9/4/23).

6. LUTRON AND CREE LIGHTING announced a partner-

ship around the formers EcoSystem wired lighting net-
work and control technology thats targeted at commer-
cial building applications. Cree will offer a version of its
CR family (www.ledsmagazine.com/news/8/4/19) of trof-
fers preconfigured with EcoSystem.

7. COOPER CONTROLS announced the AP Classroom

Solution (APCS) turnkey control system designed for
individual classrooms. The value add of the offering
comes in easy commissioning.

34 JULY/AUGUST 2012 LEDsmagazine.com

 Linear SSL Heat-Spring

8 Linear lighting can refer to a broad range of THERMAL INTERFACE

product types from cove or under-counter fix- MATERIALS
tures to the ubiquitous ceiling troffers. Well
stick with the broad definition here, allowing
us to cover LFI exhibits ranging from retrofit
lamps for fluorescent T8 tubes to truly spec-
tacular pendants. Linear SSL is also proving
to be a popular landing spot for the emerg-
ing class of mid-power packaged LEDs (www. ___
ledsmagazine.com/features/9/6/10)
_________________________ that
we covered in our previous issue. Lower-
power, dimmer sources mounted more closely
together can in some cases provide a more 
pleasing look than more-sparsely-spaced, 
brighter LEDs. LED sources are quickly taking  

over in purpose-built linear luminaires, and Heat-Spring  
are apparently finally gaining a foothold in the
tube retrofit area. 


8. NEXT LIGHTING took the proverbial blank-

sheet-of-paper approach to the problem of Solder
designing an LED-based retrofit lamp for flu- Ribbon 
9 orescent tubes they forgot the tube. The
company is using thermoplastics to injection 
mold a linear structure that forms the basis 

of its NextLamp retrofit lamp. The design
includes a center chimney for heat dissipa- Solder
tion, and oval surfaces on each side designed Preforms
to reflect light. LEDs mount along both sides
of the centerline of the structure pointed out-
ward into the reflector. Next says that testing
has measured the lamps case temperature
at 51C, allowing the company to specify a
50,000-hr life. The lamp's output is 3500 lm, Learn more:
and the product is due on the market in the http://indium.us/F306
third quarter.

9. CREE LIGHTING was among the first man-

ufacturers to design purpose-built linear fix-
tures that seek to replace tube-based troffer
fixtures as we covered in our LFI 2011 article.
The company has since expanded the offer-
ing and found a way to pack the technology
into a retrofit kit. The CR24 UPKIT is designed
for mounting in an existing tube-based trof-
fer fixture. You remove the guts of the flores-
7
cent unit and mount the new SSL fixture from
below. Cree also demonstrated the new CS
Series of linear SSL fixtures. Unlike the CR www.indium.com
series, the CS products dont include a lens, askus@indium.com
and the LEDs shine upwards into a reflector ASIA  CHINA  EUROPE  USA
that distributes the light (www.ledsmagazine.
2012 Indium Corporation
com/news/9/5/3).

JULY/AUGUST 2012 35
 PHILIPS LIGHTING showed a brand new product from its Lightolier brand
that was so new that it was left out of the companys LFI press kit. The
suspended LED Linear DC Pendant is a perfect example of a fixture that
could only be realized with LED sources. Designed for indirect up light, the
luminaire has a 11-in cross section. The driver is mounted in the ceiling.
Philips said it will come in 4-ft, 2300- and 3000-lm versions, and later in a
direct-light version projecting light downward.

Outdoor lighting
Outdoor lighting is one area where you might not expect LEDs to funda-
mentally change the form of products. Or maybe you should. As we
covered back in April, Cree Lighting turned to the famed lighting design
firm Speirs+Major for the design of the Aeroblades street and area light,
and the result is unlike any street light that you have seen before (www.____
ledsmagazine.com/news/9/4/3). Well the remainder of the outdoor prod-
_______________________
ucts announced at LFI werent quite so different. But its clear that light-
ing companies are really attacking the problems of cost and design for
application. For example, Cree showed a previously unannounced post-top
retrofit kit that it will customize for specific acorn-style fixtures that are
widely deployed.

10. SCHREDER LIGHTING also

turned to a renowned designer,
Michel Tortel, for guidance with its
Piano family of fixtures. The lumi-
naire has a sleek striking appear-
ance and there is certainly no
room for a legacy source in the
form factor. Moreover, the design
encourages airflow and is an ele-
ment in what the company calls
the Thermix thermal-management
system. The luminaire is rated for
100,000 hrs of life. Schreder also
demonstrated its Focal fixture that
is designed to light outdoor spaces
such as athletic fields.

11. CARMANAH TECHNOLOGIES

was among a number of compa-
nies at LFI with solar-powered out-
door SSL products. The company
announced the EG145 LED street light that is designed to produce 3000 lm
from dusk to dawn for path, area, and urban roadway lighting. The design is
hardened for installation in tropical, coastal, and desert regions. Carmanah
says the rather large solar panel can handle wind-load as high as 150 mph.
_______________
The complete system includes the solar panel, charge controller, battery,
_______________
driver, and luminaire.

36 JULY/AUGUST 2012 LEDsmagazine.com

 12. LIGHTING SCIENCE GROUP (LSG) brought
adaptive controls to the fore in the outdoor-lighting
space at LFI with the introduction of the Forefront
12 luminaires with PixelView occupancy sensing. Existing
occupancy sensors work well in garages and in out-
door spaces with low pole heights, but with higher
poles produce false results. In the past, we used pas-
sive infrared, but what you find in different applica-
tions and in very cold or very hot climates, you can
get dead zones where performance drops off, said
David Henderson, chief development officer of LSG.
PixelView uses a CMOS camera that can be pro-
grammed to focus on a particular area of an outdoor
space. The Forefront fixtures are designed to replace
100-750W HID sources.

11

__________________________________
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technology | COLOR SCIENCE
Understand color science to maximize
success with LEDs part 2
An in depth consideration of the CIE Chromaticity Diagram and the Planckian locus prepares lamp
and luminaire designers to best take advantage of the unique properties of LED light sources,
explains GEORGE KELLY.
I
n the second of a multi-part series of
articles, we continue our exploration of
color science in particular as it applies
to LED lighting. Th is article will focus on
the CIE Chromaticity Diagram and the sci-
ence behind the Planckian locus that plots
blackbody radiators on the diagram. After
reading the article, you will understand
why LEDs are a near-ideal artificial light
source in terms of matching the spectral
power distribution (SPD) of a blackbody
radiator and limiting energy emission to
the visible spectrum. That understanding
will prepare you for our next installment
that moves on to designing solid-state
lighting (SSL) products that take advan-
tage of this unique LED property.
In part 1 of this article, published in the
April/May issue of LEDs Magazine (www. ___
ledsmagazine.com/features/9/5/4), we
introduced three principles fundamental to
understanding color: the relative response
of the three types of cone cells in the ret-
ina that explains color vision, metamerism
which is a direct result of the fi rst principle,
and the fact that color can be characterized
by numerous sets of color matching func-
tions, all of which are linear transforma-
tions of each other. We also introduced the
concept of the SPD of a light source, which
is a plot of the relative power emitted by
the light source at each wavelength over the
visible spectrum.
As we discussed previously, each of the
three types of cone receptors has distinct
yet overlapping spectral response curves
(Fig. 1). The color perceived is determined
by the relative output of these three types
GEORGE KELLY is an LED Technical Specialist
at Avnet Electronics Marketing.
LEDsmagazine.com
of cones. In this process a tremendous spectrum locus is a curve that plots the x,
amount of information is lost regarding y values for colors consisting of single wave-
the SPD of the light falling on the retina. length light ranging the whole visible spec-
A spectroradiometer with a 2-nm spec- trum. It is rather straightforward to calcu-
tral-sampling resolution collects approx- late the spectrum locus by simply reading
imately 200 times the amount of informa- the X, Y, Z values from the CIE color match-
ing curves for each
wavelength and then
S M L calculating the corre-
sponding CIE chroma-
ticity coordinates. For
more information on
that process, see the
sidebar from part 1 of
this article, Plotting a
light source on a chro-
maticit y d ia g ram
(w w w.ledsmagazine.
400 450 500 550 600 650 700 com/features/9/5/16).
Wavelength (nm) A colors hue is
FIG. 1. Normalized L, M and S cone receptor response curves. essentially its basic
color on the spectrum,
tion relating to a particular lights SPD from red to orange through yellow, green,
than the eye does. Even though the eye blue and violet. Purples are mixtures of red
effectively ignores this information, it can and blue and fall along the purple line. The
still resolve millions of colors. The 1931 color of narrowband light always appears
CIE color standard exploits this principle to be more pure in hue than light of the
to produce a metric that can identify any same hue with a wider spectral bandwidth.
color with just two numbers, the CIE x, y The wider the spectrum the farther the x, y
color coordinates (Fig. 2). chromaticity coordinates will be from the
spectrum locus. Moving from the spectrum
Applying the CIE Diagram locus towards white in the central region of
The CIE Diagram has many uses, the most the diagram, results in a more desaturated
common in the LED industry is the spec- or pastel hue and eventually off-whites and
ification of color or chromaticity bins by white. White (and gray for that matter) is
LED manufacturers. It has several impor- often described as an absence of color. The
tant additional features that require some saturation level of a color is related to how
explanation. First not all values of x and y pure the color is. The farther a colors chro-
have an associated color. The values of x maticity coordinates are from white the
and y for valid colors are bounded by the more saturated the color is. Colors that fall
spectrum locus and the purple line. The on the spectrum locus are fully or maxi-
JULY/AUGUST 2012 39
technology | COLOR SCIENCE

0.9 two or more colors brightness of k1 , k 2 and k 3 .

Dominant wavelength for InGaN green LED (520 nm)
or light sources are
0.8 Chromaticity coordinates for InGaN x k k
green LED (0.156, 0.700) mixed together. If we xm = (k1 y11 + k2 xy22 + k3 yx33 )/( y11 + ky22 + y33 )
0.7 know the x, y coordi-
550 nm k k
Spectrum locus
nates of two sources y m = (k1 + k2 + k3 )/( y11 + ky22 + y33 )
0.6 then the x, y coordi-
500 nm nates of a mixture of These equations can be extended to cal-
0.5 Planckian locus the two will fall on the culate the chromaticity coordinates of a
y
line between the x, y mixture of any number of sources. We can
0.4
600 nm coordinates of the two interpret the two equations above as a vec-
E (0.333, 0.333) sources. The position tor addition, where each component of the
0.3 650 nm
700 nm along this line depends sum in the numerator are the x and y com-
0.2 on the relative bright- ponents of vectors that point at the chro-
ness of the two sources, maticity coordinates of each source (Fig.
0.1 Purple line naturally falling closer 3). The denominator of these equations
450 nm

0.0 400 nm to the brighter of the scales each of these vectors so the magni-
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 two sources. If a third tude of the addition of the three vectors is
x source is added to the equal to the chromaticity coordinates (x m ,
FIG. 2. CIE 1931 Chromaticity Diagram. mixture, then the range y m) of the mixture. Fig. 4 shows this addi-
of possible x and y coor- tion graphically by placing the vectors end
mally saturated. dinates of the mix- to end starting with the red source vector
As you might already be aware there is ture will fall within a triangle whose ver- pointing from the origin of the CIE Dia-
no single white. The closest thing to a sin- tices are the x, y coordinates of the three gram and ending with the vector for the
gle white is the equal energy white, E. It is sources. This triangle is called the gamut blue source pointing at the coordinates of
defined as the x, y coordinate of an SPD that of the sources (Fig. 3). the mixture, which in this case is xm = 0.333
has equal intensity or energy at every wave- It is straightforward to calculate the and y m = 0.333.
length in the visible spectrum. The CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates of the mixture Since these two equations form a linear
color matching functions are each normal- of two or more colors from the chromatic- set we can use them to calculate the rela-
ized so their integrals over the visible spec- ity coordinates of the individual colors and tive brightness values k1 , k2 and k 3 required
trum are all equal. This means that the tris- their relative brightness. The two equations for a mixture to have a desired set of chro-
timulus values for equal energy white (E) will below show how to calculate the chromatic- maticity coordinates of x m , y m . With three
all be equal, (X = Y = Z) which results in x = y = ity coordinates for a mixture of three colors primary sources in the mixture we have
1/3 (Fig. 2). Equal energy sources are of theo- with chromaticity coordinates x1, y1 , x2 , y2 three unknowns and only two equations
retical interest only since they do not occur in and x 3 , y3 and their corresponding relative so the problem appears to be underdeter-
nature and would be prohibitively expensive mined. This can easily be
if not impossible to create artificially. 0.9 remedied by adding a third
There are two technical terms relating to equation,
hue and saturation that have explicit def- 0.8
km = (k1 + k2 + k3 )
initions with regard to the CIE diagram,
0.7
namely dominant wavelength (hue) and The third equation simply
purity (saturation). Th e dominant wave- 0.6
0.2, 0.6 Gamut means that the addition of
length of an LED is defined as the wave- the brightness of the three
length on the spectrum locus intersected 0.5 primaries should add to a
by a line from E through the x, y coordi- y desired brightness of the
nates of the LED (Fig. 2). The color purity 0.4 mixture, k m . We are using
of an LED is determined by the position of brightness here in a rather
0.3
the LEDs x, y coordinates along this line. 0.65, 0.3 loose manner. The photo-
Purity is 0 if its x, y coordinates are coinci- 0.2 metric quantity and the
dent with E. It increases as it moves along 0.15, 0.1 units of the k i coefficients
the line toward the spectrum locus, reach- 0.1 depend on the application.
ing a maximum of 1 at the spectrum locus. 0.0
For luminaires, brightness
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 would refer to photomet-
Mixing colors x ric flux (lm). For a display,
The CIE Chromaticity Diagram can be FIG. 3. Vectors of red, green and blue primary colors and brightness would refer to
used to understand what happens when their gamut. luminance (nits) and for an

40 JULY/AUGUST 2012 LEDsmagazine.com

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 technology | COLOR SCIENCE

Another common feature often

found on CIE diagrams is the
Planckian Locus.
indicator lamp brightness would refer to intensity (cd).
Regardless, the addition of the third forms a properly determined
linear set of equations for determining the absolute values of k1 , k 2
and k 3 . For absolute values set km to the desired flux, luminance
or intensity level. For relative values you can use just the fi rst two
equations and arbitrarily set one of the k1 , k 2 and k 3 to 1 and solve
for the other two coefficients.
Color mixtures with four primaries such as in a RGBW LED are
undetermined, meaning there are more than one solution for the
brightness of each LED to create a given x, y coordinate and a given
brightness. An additional constraint is therefore required to solve
for x m , y m .

The Planckian locus

Another common feature often found on CIE Diagrams especially
those relating to white LEDs is the Planckian locus, which starts
at the long wavelength (red) end of the spectrum locus and curves
up and to the left through the white region in the center of the CIE
Diagram (Fig. 2). The Planckian locus is the plot of the chromatic-
ity coordinates of light sources known as blackbody radiators that
generate light due to their thermal energy. Light is electromagnetic
radiation and technically is radiation only from the visible portion
of the electromagnetic spectrum. There is no such thing as infra-
red light or ultraviolet light even though little confusion arises
from using these terms.
All electromagnetic radiation is generated by the acceleration
(and deceleration) of electrically charged particles. The two primary
mechanisms for accelerating charged particles are thermal energy
of atoms and molecules (as in a blackbody radiator) and the tran-
sition of electrons from one atomic energy level to a lower atomic
energy level. Molecules of any solid, liquid or gas that has a tempera-
ture above zero Kelvin are in constant motion, continually vibrating
or colliding with each other. Each vibration and collision acceler-
ates a charged particle resulting in electromagnetic energy radiat-
ing away from the charged particle. Th is process is highly random,
but its macroscopic nature can be predicted very accurately by a
mathematical model of a blackbody radiator known as Plancks Law
represented by the below equation.
8hc-5
I (,T )=
e hc/kT-1
The is wavelength in meters, h is Plancks constant, c is the
speed of light, k is Boltzmanns constant and T is temperature in
Kelvin (K).
For a given temperature T, the equation generates an SPD for that
color temperature. The chromaticity coordinates of a blackbody light
source of a given temperature can be found by first using Plancks Law
_________________________ and then calculating the tristimulus values from the equations found
in the sidebar referecnced from part 1. The Planckian locus is the plot

42 JULY/AUGUST 2012 LEDsmagazine.com

 technology | COLOR SCIENCE

of chromaticity coordinates 0.9 results. There have been several different

of blackbody radiators over methods proposed and used to calculate the
the range of approximately 0.8 CCT of a source from its chromaticity coor-
1000K to infinity. The color dinates. The below equation developed by
0.7
of a 1000K blackbody radia- Calvin McCamy is one of the simpler meth-
tor is a deep red. Below 1000K 0.2, 0.6 ods and it gives good results for most LED
0.6
there is negligible radiation applications.
in the visible spectrum. As 0.5
y
the temperature rises the CCT(x, y) = 449n 3 + 3525n 2 - 6823.3n +
0.4
color shifts to orange, yel- 0.333, 0.333
5520.33
low, white and fi nally a blu- 0.3
ish white. 0.65, 0.3 where n = (x 0.332)/(y 0.1858)
If a light source is not a 0.2
blackbody radiator, but its 0.15, 0.1 Natural light sources are for the most
0.1
chromaticity coordinates lie part thermal sources and therefore are
close to the Planckian locus, 0.0 at least approximately blackbody radia-
we can characterize its color 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 tors. The surface of the sun is also approxi-
x
by its correlated color tem- mately a blackbody radiator, but the SPD of
perature, CCT. The CCT of a FIG. 4. Vector addition of a three-color-source mixture. sunlight at the surface of the earth is mod-
light source is the color tem- ified by absorption and scattering of the
perature on the Planckian locus that the calculating CCT by simply finding the color atmosphere. The atmosphere scatters blue
chromaticity coordinates of the light source temperature on the Planckian curve that is wavelengths predominantly which explains
are closest to perceptually. The CIE Diagram the shortest distance from the chromaticity why the sky is blue. At noon sunlight passes
is not perceptually uniform. Consequently coordinates of a source will give misleading through the least amount of the atmo-

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technology | COLOR SCIENCE
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
Series D Blackbody
0.4 5000K
6000K
0.2 7000K
0.0
400 450 500 550 600
Wavelength (nm)
FIG. 5. SPD of Series D Illuminants and blackbody radiators at
5000K, 6000K and 7000K.
sphere while at sunrise and sunset sunlight
passes through a significantly larger cross
section of the atmosphere, removing most
of the blue light. Consequently direct sun-
light at sunset as well as clouds backlit by
the setting sun, both turn to the deep red-
dish orange hues of a sunset. The SPD there-
fore of direct sunlight changes significantly
throughout the day.
SPD of natural light
In the 1970s several color scientists col-
lected extensive spectral data on sun-
light throughout the day. They found that
the chromaticity coordinates of the sun
throughout the day and under different
weather conditions fell along a curve just
above the Planckian locus with a CCT rang-
ing from just below 5000K to as high as
7000K. These data were used to build a
model of sunlight by Judd, Wyszecki, and
McAdam known as the series D illumi-
nants. This model simulates the SPD of the
sun over a wide range of CCTs. Fig. 5 shows
the Series D curves at 5000K, 6000K and
7000K with the corresponding blackbody
curves superimposed. Note that the curves
closely follow each other overall, except at
the blue end of the spectrum.
For most of human history after the sun
set, the only light source available was fire
in one form or another. Candles, torches
LINKS
Test to find the best color metric (www.ledsmagazine.com/features/9/3/8)
Color-quality standards bodies need to consider the broad user base
(www.ledsmagazine.com/features/9/2/11)
44 JULY/AUGUST 2012
Relative power
1.2
1.0 V ()
5000K
0.8
6000K
0.6
7000K 0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.20
650 700 750 200 700
FIG. 6. SPD of a 2700K blackbody radiator with the Photopic
Curve, V().
and oil and gas lamps where used to light
both streets and homes. The SPD of the
flame of these types of sources is close to
that of a blackbody radiator with a temper-
ature of around 1000-1100K.
The invention of the light bulb was a
great step forward, by making an artificial
blackbody radiator by heating a filament to
2700K by passing a current through the fil-
ament. The convenience and the quantity of
light produced by incandescent bulbs was a
huge technological leap forward that revolu-
tionized both productivity in the workplace
and the quality of leisure time.
Despite the fact that incandescent bulbs
were a great technological improvement,
they were inherently inefficient as illumina-
tion sources, because like all blackbody light
sources that emit in the visible range, they
also produce copious amounts of electro-
magnetic radiation outside the visible range,
mostly in the infrared. Luminous efficiency
of any light source is defined as the light out-
put in lumens divided by the power supplied
to the source. The light output is simply the
SPD of the source multiplied wavelength by
wavelength by the eyes spectral response
curve also called the Photopic Curve ,V().
Fig. 6 shows the SPD of an incandescent bulb
with the V() superimposed. This illustrates
why an incandescent bulb is such an ineffi-
cient light source. Most of the energy radi-
2700K blackbody radiator SPD
1200 1700 2200 2700
Wavelength (nm)
ating from an incandescent bulb is in the
infrared region (> 700 nm) and is therefore
invisible to the eye.
Even though our eyes are only sensitive
to a narrow portion of the SPD of a black-
body radiator, the peak sensitivity of the
eye is at 555 nm which is maximally tuned
to sunlight with a CCT of 5050K. In fact
recent research has even found that our
circadian rhythm is synchronized to the
changing color temperature of sunlight
throughout the day. Consequently the ideal
artificial light source for general illumina-
tion would have the spectral power distri-
bution of a blackbody radiator that is tun-
able in color temperature throughout the
day, but only emits in the visible range of
approximately 400 nm to 700 nm to achieve
high luminous efficiencies.
LEDs and narrowband light
LEDs are the first artificial light source that
can meet this ideal. LEDs are inherently nar-
rowband light sources. In fact, we have to
add phosphors to them to make their spec-
trum sufficiently wide enough to cover the
visible spectrum. The narrowband emission
of LEDs though means that various colored
LEDs and phosphors can be mixed together
to make a light source with a tunable spec-
trum that is also optimally efficient because
it does not waste power generating radiation
outside the visible spectrum.
In upcoming issues of LEDs Magazine,
we will discuss how to apply color science to
design LED products that take advantage of
this flexibility achieving both efficiency and
light sources will superior color qualities.
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standards | ZHAGA

Zhaga writes the book on LED

light engine specifications
The Zhaga consortium has now defined six sets of interface specifications for different types of LED
light engines, and certified products are expected to be on the market soon, as TIM WHITAKER explains.

V
isitors to one of the three major
lighting tradeshows this spring
Light+Building in Europe, Lightfair
in the USA or Guangzhou International
Lighting Exhibition in Asia could hardly
fail to miss the Zhaga logo alongside many
different LED light engines from various
lighting companies. In fact, this was part of
Zhagas efforts to create awareness through-
out the global lighting industry for its LED
light engine specifications.
The Zhaga consortium was founded in 2010
to develop interface specifications for LED
light engines and thereby to enable companies
to develop interchangeable LED light sources.
The consortium now has over 190 mem-
ber companies from Europe, Asia and North
America, and at Light+Building in April more
than 30 companies presented Zhaga-compli-
ant LED products for the first time.
The Zhaga specifications are known as
Books, and seven Books have now been
fi nalized. Fig. 1 summarizes the six inter-
face specifications (Books 2-7) while Book
1 defi nes aspects that are common in mul-
tiple Zhaga interface specifications, such as
common defi nitions, the mechanical inter-
face of separated electronic control gear
(ECG), and the generic aspects of the ther-
mal interface.
Books 2-7 contain specifications for differ-
ent types of LED light engines (LLEs). Zhaga
defines an LLE as a combination of an LED
module and the associated control gear. The
ECG can be integrated within the LLE (as in
Books 2 and 6), or it can be connected to the
LED module by a cable.
Zhaga treats an LLE as a black box,
with defined interfaces that do not depend
TIM WHITAKER is an Editorial Consultant with
LEDs Magazine.
Book 2: Socketable LLE Book 3: Spot LLE with Book 4: Street light engine
with integrated ECG separated ECG
Status: Finalized February 2011 Status: Finalized July 2011 Status: Finalized March 2012
Book 5: Socketable LLE Book 6: Socketable LLE Book 7: Office LLE with
with separate ECG with integrated ECG separate ECG
Status: Finalized September 2011 Status: Finalized December 2011 Status: Finalized April 2012
FIG. 1. The six Zhaga interface specifications.
on the type of LED technology used inside. could be proposed that has a smaller diam-
The Zhaga specifications only define the out- eter, to take into account the improved per-
side of the LLE, specifically focusing on the formance of LEDs. However, the new pro-
mechanical, thermal, electrical and photo- posal would have to be sufficiently different
metric interfaces (Fig. 3). The idea of course from other existing specifications.
is to make light sources from different man-
ufacturers interchangeable with one another. Specification development
Within each Book, it is possible for there The Books were developed as part of a 5-step
to be several different options for the LLEs process, the first being for members to pro-
form factor. Book 7, which defines LLEs with pose light-engine interfaces that they would
separate ECG for indoor use, describes light like standardized by Zhaga. In phase 2,
engines comprising LED strips with several members studied the proposals for similar
different lengths and widths. Book 4 is the light sources and tried to merge them into a
other specification focused on a particular single proposal. The goal of this phase was to
application, namely street lighting. avoid unnecessary and arbitrary variations.
In the future, different form factors can Phase 3 was to create and review a draft
be added to existing Books, or new Books specification, build prototypes and verify
may be added, as Menno Treffers, Secretary interchangeability. Members then voted to
General of Zhaga, explained: Members can approve the specification.
propose different form factors, for different While many companies had a voice in
applications, he said. For example, a differ- developing the specifications, the influence
ent version of the spotlight module in Book 3 of some of the major lighting companies is

LEDsmagazine.com JULY/AUGUST 2012 47

standards | ZHAGA
plain to see. At Light+Building, some people
referred to Book 5 as the Infusion specifica-
tion, named after the GE module. Similarly,
the generic drawing of Book 3 in Fig.1 looks
a lot like Osrams PrevaLED module, while
Book 2 has many features of the Fortimo
remote-phosphor light engine from Philips.
This raises the question of intellectual
property, since some companies own patents
relating to specific aspects of the interfaces
defined in the Books. Treffers explained that
it is a condition of Zhaga membership that
such IP is licensed to other members on a
royalty-free basis.
The Books released so far are in phase 4
of development, which involves maintaining
and revising the specifications, providing
clarifications and fi xing problems reported
by members. In phase 5, the Zhaga specifica-
tions will be transferred to a standard devel-
opment organization such as IEC, and will
eventually join the list of established light-
ing-industry standards. Treffers was unable
to say when exactly this would happen.
Visit Us At
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For more information visit us at Sensing.Konicaminolta.US
48 JULY/AUGUST 2012
Testing and certification
In future, only Zhaga-certified
products that have been tested
by an independent test lab will
be able to carry the Zhaga logo.
The organizations website says
that when you see the Zhaga logo
on a product, in a product advertise-
ment, or in a product catalogue, you know
that this product is Zhaga-certified.
However, this was not the case at the FIG. 2. The Punch version of GE Lightings
recent tradeshows listed above. Member Infusion module, designed to Zhaga Book 5.
companies were given permission to use
the Zhaga logo to indicate that their prod- rized by Zhaga, and needs a separate autho-
ucts were built according to Zhaga speci- rization for each Book, and for each testing
fications, even though they had not been location. Both UL Luminaire Testing Labo-
tested and certified. At these tradeshows, ratory, Inc. (Allentown, PA, USA) and DEKRA
the logos were used to show that the com- Certification B.V. (Arnhem, The Netherlands)
pany had developed Zhaga-compliant mod- have been authorized to test according to
ules, and to give the promise of certification Book 2 and 3, which were the first Books to
in the future, said Treffers. But in all cases, be finalized. There are at present no autho-
if a product is actually offered for sale with rized test labs for Books 4-7 inclusive, but
the logo, it must be certified. this is just a matter of time, said Treffers.
Each independent test lab has to be autho- As mentioned above, certification allows
T-10A
CL-500A Illuminance Meter
Illuminance Spectrophotometer CL-200A
Chroma Meter
____________________________
LEDsmagazine.com
 standards | ZHAGA

Mechanical Thermal Electrical

FIG. 3. Zhaga treats specific benefits to Zhagas work, includ-
interface interface interface the LED light engine ing a reduction in both cost and risk. LED
Includes shape, Define how cooling AC or DC, insulation, as a black box and light sources are constantly improving,
dimensions, socket elements mate to grounding, controls does not specify the which forces luminaire makers to upgrade
the modules
thermal surface LED technology used the LEDs in their products. However, if the
inside. Instead, Zhaga luminaire maker uses a light source with
defines the various defi ned interfaces, then the upgrade can
interfaces between the be done without a redesign, which signif-
LED light engine
light engine and the icantly reduces the development costs.
luminaire. Additionally, standardized light sources
can be manufactured in higher volumes,
Zhagas policy is for open which helps drive down the cost of the light
Photometric interface
publication of the speci- source, said Treffers.
Size of the light emitting surface, distribution pattern, uniformity of light on fications once the first Zhaga also believes that its interface
the task plane, light color, lumen output
certified products are specifications reduce the business risks
on the market. So non- for all parties along the supply chain. For
the use of the Zhaga logo, and this offers sig- members will be free to design products example, luminaire manufacturers know
nificant benefits. The logo shows that the that comply with Zhaga specs, but they that they can source Zhaga-compliant mod-
products have been tested, and the data- wont be able to have these products quali- ules from multiple manufacturers and that
sheet values have been verified, said Tre- fied, or to use the Zhaga logo. they will not be dependent on a single sup-
ffers. Of course, this is a benefit thats only plier. End users know that when they buy
available to Zhaga members, and these com- Reduced risk and cost the same luminaire in subsequent years,
panies are also the only ones that can access Alongside the generic benefits of prod- this luminaire will contain an upgraded,
the full specifications at present. However, uct standardization, there are some state-of-the-art LED light source.

_______________
__________________________________
thermal | DESIGN

Advanced thermal characterization

improves LED street-light design
A street light is hot-lumens tested in compliance with JEDEC standards, as ANDRS POPPE,
ANDRS SZALAI and JOHN PARRY explain.

S
olid-state lighting (SSL) and light-output properties of LEDs.
designers who consider ther- T3Ster Test TeraLED As of today, diligent lighting
mal properties in their LED design with LEDs cannot be based
Thermal and radiometric & photometric
based design are more likely to pro- LED measurement combined
solely on a manufacturers data-
duce luminaires with long-term sheet values. Information needs to
consistent light output and lon- JESD51-51 JESD51-52 be gathered experimentally by physi-
ger lifetime. In addition, in the case cal testing of LEDs, and the gathered
of LED street lights, illumination LED characteristics need to be pro-
often needs to be consistent over a vided for thermal simulation using,
range of ambient conditions, which Data processing for instance, CFD.
can be assured using the appropri-
ate simulation and thermal testing T3Ster master software Thermal characterization of LEDs
techniques. From a semiconductor standpoint,
This article demonstrates how Compact thermal modeling of LED packages LEDs are simple pn-junctions, thus
thermal simulation using computa- it seems that they should be easier to
tional flow dynamics (CFD), and ther- measure, when in actuality they are
mal testing to the latest Joint Electron not. LEDs present a number of ther-
Devices Engineering Council (JEDEC) mal characterization challenges.
Simulation
standards, can provide the luminous They are often very small, and mea-
flux of a street-light luminaire under FloTHERM suring them un-mounted is difficult.
various conditions. The test meth- Fortunately, parts can be mounted
ods shown can be used in prototype CFD simulation of luminaire with on two different substrates and the
development, product testing or fail- compact thermal models of tested LED components dual-interface measurement princi-
ure analysis of luminaires. ple can be applied for obtaining their
FIG. 1. Mentor Graphics LED characterization flow. junction-to-case thermal resistance.
What constitutes good A greater challenge comes from the
thermal design? is impacted in terms of shorter lifetime fact that LEDs, unlike other semiconduc-
LEDs, as one of the most efficient light and decreased light output. In applications tors, emit light.
sources available today, are becoming more such as headlights of cars or street lighting Light emission must be considered when
widely used in indoor lighting, outdoor light- where lives might be at stake, lighting stan- measuring the LEDs thermal resistance.
ing and automotive lighting. Good thermal dards are very strict. In addition to the pre- For the majority of semiconductor devices,
design based on the application is essential scribed spatial distribution patterns that thermal resistance can be calculated by
to ensuring the longevity of the LED lumi- are required, illumination levels also need simply dividing the temperature rise by
naire because both LED lifetime and light to be provided consistently; for example, the electrical power applied to the package.
output are closely related to the LEDs junc- even on hot summer nights, luminous flux of Th is is because all of the supplied electrical
tion temperature. LED-based luminaires must meet the light- power is converted to heat. However, this is
When an LEDs pn-junction tempera- ing standards. Th is necessitates having the not the case for LEDs because a significant
ture is hotter, the performance of the LED appropriate knowledge about the thermal proportion of the supplied energy is con-
verted into and emitted as light, making it
ANDRS POPPE is a marketing manager at Mentor Graphics and an associate professor at the an efficient light source. Depending on the
Budapest University of Technology. ANDRS SZALAI is the chief financial officer of HungaroLux LED, energy conversion efficiency can be as
Light. JOHN PARRY is a research manager at Mentor Graphics Mechanical Analysis Division. high as 30-40%.

LEDsmagazine.com JULY/AUGUST 2012 51

thermal | DESIGN

Based on these efficiency fi gures, if the

supplied electrical power rather than the
correct (heating) power is used to calcu-
late the packages thermal resistance, the
thermal resistance value would be signif-
icantly lower, suggesting that the pack-
age (of a less efficient LED) would be far
better at dissipating the heat generated
in the LED than it actually is. The emitted
optical power can be precisely measured
to account for the calculation of the real
thermal resistance if thermal testing of
the LED in question is performed in a CIE
127-2007-compliant total-f lux measure-
ment environment, such as a TeraLED sys-
tem from Mentor Graphics.
In this system, the temperature of the LED
under test can be precisely set to a desired
value by a temperature-controlled cold
plate. Such a measurement setup is also sug-
gested by one of the most recent LED ther-
mal testing standards, JESD51-52, which
provide guidelines on methods to mea- FIG. 2. Close-up view of the top cover of the housing (heat sink) of the HungaroLux
sure LED light output in connection with LED based street-lighting luminaire.
LED thermal measurements. This standard
is one of a group of four new international It compares to LEDs mounted on a cold a multi-channel T3Ster system can charac-
thermal test standards for LEDs that were plate attached to an integrating sphere (as terize many thousands of LEDs in an hour.
published in May 2012 (www.ledsmagazine. the JESD51-52 standard recommends). Th is T3Ster's accurate measurements capture
com/news/9/5/24). method provides the real junction-to-case transient responses of LEDs just 1 micro-
As for the thermal characteristics of LED thermal resistance metric for LED pack- second after switching the power off with a
components, the junction-to-case resis- ages if during the two subsequent mea- temperature resolution of 0.01C. This means
tance is the most appropriate metric for surements the cold plate with LED under that the earliest possible part of the LEDs
packaged LEDs because it characterizes test is attached to an integrating sphere (as thermal response is captured; thus, you can
the heat flow path from the point of heat the new JESD51-52 standard recommends). see the influence of key constructional fea-
generation at the pn-junction down to the tures close to the heat source within the LED
bottom of the case exactly how LED pack- Solutions for LED thermal package, such as the thermal resistance of
ages are designed to be cooled. A relatively characterization the die attach, after a short time.
new standard, JEDEC JESD51-14, for junc- The Mentor Graphics T3Ster thermal tran- The T3Ster Master post-processing soft-
tion-to-case thermal resistance measure- sient tester uses a smart implementation of ware fully supports the JESD51-14 standard
ment, is based on the latest thermal-tran- the static test version of the JEDEC JESD51-1 for junction-to-case thermal resistance
sient measurement techniques. electrical test method that allows for contin- measurement, allowing the temperature
This method uses a dual-interface uous measurement during a heating or cool- versus time curve obtained directly from
approach in which the thermal resistance ing transient, which also forms the basis of the measurement to be re-cast as structure
of the part is measured against a cold plate the JESD51-14 test method for the junction- functions (described in JESD51-14 Annex
with and without thermal grease. The junc- to-case thermal resistance measurements. A), and then automatically determine the
tion-to-case resistance is determined by Th is is also the preferred test method in junction-to-case thermal resistance value.
examining where the two measurements the LED-specific thermal measurement Structure functions are also widely used in
differ. Very high measurement repeatabil- guidelines that are provided in the JESD51- failure analysis as part of reliability studies
ity is required because the thermal imped- 51 standard. The combination of Mentor mentioned earlier. Th is combined with LM-
ance curves for the two measurements Graphics T3Ster and TeraLED products pro- 80-compliant lifetime tests of LEDs helps
must be identical up to the point where the vide a comprehensive solution for LED test- establish correlation between LED life-
heat starts to leave the package and enter ing which meets the requirements of all the time and degradation of different thermal
the thermal interface between the pack- mentioned standards (Fig. 1). interfaces in the junction-to-ambient heat-
age and the cold plate. Th is ensures that In high-throughput bulk-testing applica- flow path of LED components (see mycite.
the point where the curves deviate is clear. tions (e.g., in large scale reliability analysis), omikk.bme.hu/doc/102602.pdf).

52 JULY/AUGUST 2012 LEDsmagazine.com

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thermal | DESIGN

Because the JESD51-14 methodology

yields the junction-to-case thermal resis-
tance as a side product, the step-wise
approximation of the structure function up
to this thermal resistance value provides
the dynamic compact thermal model of the
LED package automatically. The identified
junction-to-case thermal resistance values
may be published on the product datasheet,
and the automatically generated dynamic
compact thermal model of the LED pack-
age can be applied directly in CFD anal-
ysis software such as Mentor Graphics
FloTHERM.
The challenge of correct LED thermal
characterization is compounded because
an LEDs efficiency is adversely affected by
the junction temperature. Th is presents a
challenge for both LED vendors and SSL
designers. The LEDs light output, junc-
tion temperature, and power draw need
to stabilize before measurements can be
taken. Consequently, the static measure-
ment method used to capture the cooling
curve is the only correct approach to char-
acterize LEDs.
The combination of the light output mea-
surement (performed with equipment such FIG. 3. CFD thermal simulation results of LED-based street-lighting luminaire where
as TeraLED), and thermal transient testing the applied LEDs were all represented by their compact thermal models obtained
allows measurement of the light-output from T3Ster TeraLED results.
characteristics as a function of the temper-
ature. Providing these data as a function of luminance on the road surface under all As described in the previous section,
the reference temperature of the cold plate possible environmental conditions. thermal testing of LEDs can yield com-
is useful information for SSL designers. But The fi rst goal required careful optical pact thermal models of their packages
the same data is also available as a function design for which LED vendors typically that are directly applicable in CFD simula-
of the LEDs junction temperature, which is publish their LEDs so-called trace fi les. tion tools. The CAD fi le of the HungaroLux
required for the correct physical modeling Careful thermal design is required street-lighting luminaire (Fig. 2) was also
of the light output of LEDs, in other words, to achieve the second goal because the directly used to build the fi nal, detailed
the input data for hot lumen calculations. required level of light output must also system-level thermal model. All 48 LEDs
Such a combined thermal and radiomet- be ensured on a hot summer evening. were replaced by their compact models
ric/photometric test setup is recommended For this, reliable thermal simulations are along with a compact thermal model of the
by the most recently published JESD51-5x needed that properly predict the junction LED driver circuitry.
series of LED thermal testing standards. temperatures of LEDs assembled into the From the dissipation of the individual
luminaire. Unfortunately, luminaire ven- LEDs driven by the nominal forward cur-
Street-light luminaires dors have not yet published LED thermal rent (350 mA, 700 mA, 1500 mA), the driv-
The goal of HungaroLux Light in Budapest, models. Thermal data on their data sheet ers dissipation is also calculated. In this
Hungary, was to develop street-lighting are sometimes questionable because, so way, the luminaire-level CFD analysis is
luminaires with the minimal number of far, no testing standard has been explicit performed with real data that represent the
LEDs per luminaire such that all require- about the combined thermal and radiomet- LEDs junction temperatures (Fig. 3). The
ments of the rather strict European street- ric/photometric testing of LEDs to be able CFD thermal simulation results have been
lighting standards could be met for a wide to yield the real thermal metrics of LEDs. verified by measuring the surface temper-
range of road categories. The two principal The solution to the thermal design problem ature of the luminaire (Fig. 4).
goals to reach were to obtain the required of HungaroLux was provided by the combi- Because the temperature dependence of
spatial light distribution pattern (batwing nation of Mentor Graphics thermal testing the light output characteristics of the LEDs
pattern) and to reach the required level of and CFD analysis tools. was known from the same measurements

54 JULY/AUGUST 2012 LEDsmagazine.com

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LED Outdoor Area and Street Lighting

LED Driver ICs

LED Luminaires

LED Replacement Lamps

China Upstream LED Market

...and more!

For more information contact

Tim Carli at: +1 (650) 946 3163,
or email Tim at: tcarli@strategies-u.com

www.strategies-u.com

Strategies Unlimited
MARKET INTELLIGENCE


LEDs & Lighting Media Group

Strategies Unlimited
MARKET INTELLIGENCE 

testing | INTERIOR LIGHTING thermal | DESIGN

FIG. 4. Luminaire surface temperature

map as shown by infrared imaging at an
ambient temperature of 20C.

that formed the basis of the LEDs com-
pact thermal models, the total luminous
flux output of the luminaire also could be
calculated. Using this method, the lumi-
naire could be properly sized in terms of
the number of LEDs needed to provide the
required road luminance level and for the
LEDs junction temperature.
Conclusions
Recently published LED thermal testing stan-
dards and their commercial implementations
provide tools for comprehensive physical test-
ing of power LED components. Measurement
results can be easily turned into LED compact
models that are directly applicable in CFD-
based thermal analysis on the luminaire level.
The system-level CFD simulation results also
allow the calculation of the hot lumens of the
entire luminaire because the combined ther-
mal and radiometric/photometric test setup
used in the physical characterization of LEDs
yields data regarding the temperature depen-
dence of the total luminous flux of LEDs. With
such a diligent and comprehensive character-
ization method, SSL designers can be assured
that their final LED-based products will meet
the applicable lighting standards and will pro-
vide the expected long lifetime.

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56 JULY/AUGUST 2012 LEDsmagazine.com

 O R
JULY 30 AUGUST 1 2012 FR NLI EGI
RIO PAVILION CONVENTION CENTER EE NE ST
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA, USA EX TO ER
www.theledshow.com PO DA
PA Y!
SS

Jerry Kieran James Highgate Richie Richards Jason Posselt Abdul Aslami Chuck DeMilo Suleyman Turgut
(Moderator) (Director of LED Cree Inc. BRIDGELUX NICHIA LUMINUS Devices Inc. LUMINIT
Technology)

John Langevin Dr Thomas Wiemers Lindsay Stefans Scott Brown Marc Dyble Julian Carey Kurt Vogel
RAMBUS SWAREFLEX GmbH PHILIPS LIGHTING iWatt OSRAM Opto INTEMATIX Relight / Lithonia
Lighting

John Selander Tracy Bilbrough Shane Callanan Peter Wagner Jason Choong Marci Sanders Carl Bloomfield
ACUITY BRANDS Switch Lighting Excelsys Technologies POWERBOX USA DAINTREE Networks Inc. D&R INTERTEK
INTERNATIONAL

Make sure youre at The LED Show to hear these industry experts give
their personal insights on the most significant topics on LED Lighting.

REGISTER ONLINE TODAY AT WWW.THELEDSHOW.COM

_______________________
Michael Shulman Terrence Walsh Chip Israel
UNDERWRITERS TEMPO Industries Lighting Design Alliance
LABORATORIES

For the full list of speakers, please visit: www.theledshow.com

Owned and Produced by: Supported by: Events:

Strategies Unlimited
MARKET INTELLIGENCE
 
design forum | PHOSPHOR LOCATION

Fair comparison of white

LEDs and remote phosphor
guides design choice
Proponents of remote-phosphor technology are claiming a significant efficacy advantage in
luminaires and lamps relative to designs that use phosphor-converted white LEDs. But as
MICHAEL LEUNG explains, comparisons must be made in like applications.

W
hile there are no true white LEDs,
there are numerous approaches
to generating white light with
LEDs. The most common solid-state light-
ing (SSL) luminaire and lamp designs today
use white LEDs that have a phosphor applied
directly in the package with a blue emitter to
produce white light phosphor-converted
LEDs. Another approach called remote phos-
phor relies on blue LEDs, a mixing chamber,
and phosphor-coated secondary optics that
are physically separated from the LED source.
grated directly into lamps and luminaires,
and blue LEDs that are required for remote-
phosphor applications. The company doesnt
support one approach over the other. Indeed,
application requirements will generally
guide the best approach. Our apples-to-
apples comparison will illustrate a typical
design scenario. We consider the LED chip,
phosphor, and fi nal system confi guration.
The evaluation is designed to keep most ele-
ments of the lamp or luminaire design the
same except for the phosphor location.
(SBTC) assembled the blue and white LEDs
into separate modular light engines based
on a 99 array of LEDs.
For the remote-phosphor downlight and
lamp constructions, the application team
made a phosphor-coated disc and a phos-
phor-coated bulb-shaped optic. The SBTC
team used the same warm white phosphor
targeting 3000K CCT that was used in the
warm white XT-E LEDs. The engineering
team also obtained some commercially-
available remote phosphor optics for com-

a b c

FIG. 1. Phosphor-converted white LEDs in a light engine (a), a reflector (b), and a diffuser (c) serve as a prototypical downlight.

There are proponents of both approaches,
although of late the remote-phosphor side
has claimed an efficacy advantage as high
as 30%. In this article we will evaluate the
two approaches in specific downlight and
omnidirectional retrofit lamp applications
to understand the tradeoffs in terms of cost,
performance, and other factors.
Cree sells both white LEDs that are inte-
MICHAEL LEUNG is a senior applications
engineer at the Cree Santa Barbara Technology
Center (SBTC) in Santa Barbara, CA.
A fair comparison first requires the same
baseline LED technology with matching per-
formance for use in both approaches. Cree
builds white LEDs and royal blue LEDs in the
XLamp XT-E family using the same manu-
facturing platform with matching wave-
length and radiant flux power. The wafers
that will become white LEDs are coated with
phosphor while those destined to be blue
LEDs are left bare. The LEDs are packaged
identically in the 3.453.45-mm XT-E form
factor. The application engineering team at
the Cree Santa Barbara Technology Center
parison. The SBTC team chose to evaluate
disc and bulb configurations to investigate
whether the geometric configuration plays
a role in the realized efficacy.
A fair comparison also should include
evaluation of the two approaches in typ-
ical operating conditions.The evaluation
included 25C baseline testing as well as
high-flux and high-temperature testing. For
at-temperature evaluation of the different
configurations, the team mounted the light
engine on a heat stage at 85C and waited
30 minutes for the module to reach a steady

LEDsmagazine.com JULY/AUGUST 2012 59

design forum | PHOSPHOR LOCATION

state condition. During the actual tests, the

LEDs were driven at 700 mA giving a system
level light output of about 1400 lm.

Downlight and lamp configurations

Having defined the conditions for the test-
ing, lets move on to the specifics of the
downlight and lamp configurations. The
team built a 4-in white LED downlight using
a b a light engine with white LEDs, a plastic
reflective cone, and a 4-in polycarbonate dif-
fuser (Fig. 1). For the remote phosphor ver-
sion, the team used a royal-blue light engine,
a white plastic reflective cone, and the large
and small phosphor-coated discs discussed
previously (Fig. 2). In each of the figures you
can see the two light engines mounted on
the aforementioned heat stage.
For the retrofit lamp test, the team used
the same light engines mounted on the heat
c d
stage. To test the white LEDs, a 35-mm-
FIG. 2. Royal blue LEDs in a light engine (a), a reflector/mixing chamber (b), and large diameter glass globe with a diff user coating
(c) and small (d) phosphor-coated optics serve as a prototypical remote-phosphor was placed on top of the light engine (Fig.
downlight. 3). For the remote phosphor lamp, the team

____________
 design forum | PHOSPHOR LOCATION

tested its own glass optic and the commer-
cial one (Fig. 4).
Tabulated measurements
Now let's consider the data gathered during
the actual test starting with the downlight.
The team took flux measurements in a vari-
ety of conditions, summarized in Table 1 for
the downlight comparison.
The baseline light output from the bare
white LEDs at 85C steady state condition
was 1234 lm. In order to compare the white
LEDs fairly with the remote phosphor sys-
tem, the team measured the white LED flux
in a white reflector and then with the dif-
fuser disc to simulate the typical downlight
application scenario. The application-level
measured flux was 1146 lm, and that is the

LED Description 25C (lm) 85C (lm) % of hot baseline Note % of hot lm lost
XT-E WW 9 XT-E warm white 1471 1234 / Hot baseline = 1234 lm @ 85C 16.1%
XT-E WW 9 XT-E + Cone 1416 1187 3.8% 16.4%
XT-E WW 9 XT-E + Cone + 1358 1146 7.2% Cone reflector + Diffuser lost from 7% 15.6%
Diffuser to 15%, cone efficiency ~96.5%

XT-E-RB 9 XT-E-RB 7.74W 6.66W 14%

XT-E-RB 9 XT-E-RB +Cone 7.32W 6.29W Cone efficiency ~ 95% for blue 14%
XT-E-RB 9 XT-E-RB +Cone + L 1541 1324 7.3% 15% from XT-E WW + Ref Cone & 14%
Cree Phos Disc Diffuser
XT-E-RB 9 XT-E-RB +Cone + L 1589 1363 10.5% 19% from XT-E WW + Ref Cone & 14.2%
Company X Phos Disc Diffuser
XT-E-RB 9 XT-E-RB +Cone + S 1542 1322 7.1% 15% from XT-E WW + Ref Cone & 14.3%
Company X Phos Disc Diffuser

TABLE 1. Light output summary for LED downlight configurations.

_________
 Re or

EA ter ly B
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RE A 20 Di
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! 12
Conference & Exhibition
 
 




GROWTH, PROFITABILITY, AND NEW OPPORTUNITIES

IES
FOR LED LIGHTING IN A CHALLENGING ECONOMYY


Event Highlights:
 Two pre-conference workshops addressing key issues that affect the current implementation and
future development of LED lighting:
1. Lighting Beyond Vision Biological Aspects of Lighting
2. European Standards for LED Lighting
Solid-State Lighting Investor Forum designed especially for current and potential investors,
addressing the financial aspects of the European LED lighting industry
 Keynote Session providing the latest market information on LED lighting by the world leader in LED
market research, Strategies Unlimited, plus keynote presentations by high level executives from
Osram and Philips
 Plenary Session High-level presentations by leading European industry and government experts
 Parallel conference tracks:
Market Track addressing the latest developments in LED lighting applications, markets and
government inititatives
Technology Track featuring presentations on all aspects of LED lighting technology, including
luminaire design, drivers and controls, reliability and materials

To view the full programme visit www.sileurope.com

SECURE YOUR PLACE REGISTER ONLINE TODAY!
www.sileurope.com
 
  

Strategies Unlimited
MARKET INTELLIGENCE


 design forum | PHOSPHOR LOCATION

LED Description 25C (lm) 85C (lm) % of hot baseline Note Hot lm lost
XT-E WW 9 XT-E warm white 1471 1234 / Hot baseline=1234 lm @ 85C 16.1%
XT-E WW 9 XT-E + Diffuser Globe 1314 1099 10.9% Other diffuser range from 92% to 85% 16.4%
depends on the type of coating

XT-E-RB 9 XT-E-RB 7.74W 6.66W 14%

XT-E-RB 9 XT-E-RB + Cree WW Globe 1551 1326 7.5% 20.6% from XT-E WW + Diffuser 14.5%
Globe
XT-E-RB 9 XT-E-RB+Company X WW 1315 1127 8.7% 2.5% from XT-E WW + Diffuser 14.3%
Globe globe
TABLE 2. Light output summary for LED retrofi t lamp configurations.

value used as the baseline for comparison
with the remote phosphor system.
Using the royal-blue light engine, the team
characterized the three remote phosphor
discs. The smaller commercial disc resulted
in different distance between the light
engine and secondary optic as you can see
in Fig. 2. With the Cree phosphor disc, the
light output was 1324 lm a 15% increase
over the 1146-lm baseline. For the commer-
cially available phosphor discs, the light out-
put was 1363 lm (19% increase), and 1322 lm
(15% increase) for the large and small discs
respectively.
Now lets consider the test of the retro-
fit lamps (Table 2). The baseline light out-
put from the bare white LEDs is 1234 lm,
the same as the downlight baseline. The
light output for the white LEDs with dif-
fuser bulb added is 1099 lm at the 85C
steady-state temperature. The tested optic
had a light diff user coating, typical of ret-
rofit lamps although some products might
feature higher diff user loading which would
result in a lower light output. The 1099-lm
figure served as the baseline for comparing
the remote phosphor system.
With the royal blue light engine, the team
characterized the two bulb-shaped, phos-
phor-coated optics. The Cree phosphor bulb
had a measured light output of 1326 lm at
85C steady state, a 20.6% increase over base-
line. The commercial phosphor bulb had a

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LEDsmagazine.com JULY/AUGUST 2012 63

design forum | PHOSPHOR LOCATION
light output of 1127 lm at 85C steady state,
a 2.5% increase over baseline.
Thermal color stability
The application team also measured color
shift of the tested lights from the chroma-
ticity at 25C to that at 85C. We wont detail
those results here, although they will be avail-
able at a later time on the Cree website. But
we will summarize the results.
In the case of the white LEDs, the phos-
phor is placed on the LED chip. The phos-
phor temperature can therefore be very
close to the junction temperature of the
LED, around 90C when the heat stage is at
85C. The conversion efficiency of the phos-
phor can drop with increasing temperature,
thus there will be less yellow light from the
phosphor and the overall LED color will
shift toward blue. Generally speaking, the
remote-phosphor systems dont exhibit as
much color shift over the temperature delta.
Of course the lamp or luminaire design
team can easily accommodate color shift
by testing products at temperature. More-
over LED component vendors such as Cree
are increasingly binning components at 85C
so the product designer can be assured how
FIG. 3. A globe diffuser atop white LEDs
serves as a prototypical retrofit lamp.
FIG. 4. A phosphor-coated globe atop
royal blue LEDs serves as a prototypical
remote-phosphor retrofit lamp.
64 JULY/AUGUST 2012
the components will perform in application.
Given that our tests with remote-phos-
phor systems in different confi gurations
have shown increased light output, you may
think that the approach is clearly superior.
Our tests were comparable to actual appli-
cations such as a recessed downlight, or a
lamp in a pendent or a wall sconce. But the
evaluation doesnt end until we consider
why the remote-phosphor system showed
an advantage and consider the cost trad-
eoffs of each approach.
How it works
In an integrated white LED, the phosphor is
very close to the chip, either as a thin coat-
ing or embedded in a silicone encapsulant
matrix. The blue light generated by the LED
chip emits in all directions. Some of the light
rays will interact with the phosphor on the
LED chip resulting in a conversion into yel-
low light. Actually the converted light con-
sists of many different wavelengths, but the
spectral distribution is primarily yellow.
These yellow rays are also emitted in all
directions and some of them will reflect back
to the LED chip and be absorbed, resulting
in an efficiency loss (Fig. 5).
In comparison, in a remote phosphor
system, the phosphor is placed far from
the LED chip. As the blue light reaches the
phosphor and excitation-emission pro-
cess occurs, the yellow light from the phos-
phor emits in all direction as in the white
LED, but since the LED chip is far away, the
chances of these yellow rays hitting the chip
and being absorbed is significantly low-
ered. As long as the remote phosphor sys-
tem is well designed with a high-efficiency
reflector that redirects yellow light reflected
downward, the overall efficiency in a remote
phosphor system will be higher than in the
case of the white LED.
Cost tradeoffs
So finally we come to a rough cost compari-
son of our approaches. You can always add
LEDs to make a light engine brighter. And
you must account for the entire system cost
of each approach.
Consider the following example scenario.
You can build a typical 1000-lm downlight
using 10 LEDs at a total cost or around $17.00
based on an LED cost of about $1.70. If you
need to realize a gain of 20% in light output,
FIG. 5. Some light is reflected back into
phosphor-converted LED chips resulting
in an efficiency loss.
FIG 6. With remote-phosphor optics, the
reflector/mixing chamber can redirect
reflected rays.
you have two choices. You can add 2 addi-
tional LEDs increasing the component cost by
$3.40. Or you could go to a remote-phosphor
design based on our measurements presented
in the article. Typical phosphor discs are cur-
rently priced at $15.00 on a distributors web
site, although you might get a price more in
the range of $8.00 in high volume.
Lighting system designers and integra-
tors must decide which approach best fits
their application. The remote-phosphor
approach does offer the advantage of color
stability. Conversely in some applications,
lighting designers or end customers prefer
a white look as opposed to the yellow tint
of remote phosphor optics when the lamp
or luminaire is off.
Our comparison shows that remote-phos-
phor systems can provide light output gain
of 20% in a high flux, high temperature envi-
ronment. For now those gains come with an
increase in system cost and potentially pat-
ent-licensing fees. Product designers must
determine if one or the other approach is
best for their specific application. But until
the cost of remote phosphor comes down,
white LEDs will likely be the dominant
choice for general lighting applications.
LEDsmagazine.com
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Conference & Exhibition

18 - 20 September 2012
M.O.C. Event Center
Munich, Germany

Growth, Profitability, and New Opportunities

for LED Lighting in a Challenging Economy

PRE-SHOW GUIDE

www.sileurope.com
______________________

Owned and Produced by: Presented by: Supported by: Events:

Strategies Unlimited
MARKET INTELLIGENCE 


STRATEGIES IN LIGHT EUROPE | 2012 1

 CONTENTS
Welcome from PennWell 4
Event Schedule 5

Conference Grid 6

Advisory Board 7

Workshops & SSL Investor Forum 8-9

Keynote Session / Conference Programme 10 -15

Social Networks 16

Welcome and Networking Reception 17

Floor Plan 18

Exhibitor List 19

Why Exhibit? 20-21

DirectEventConnect 22

Thank you to our sponsors 23

Contacts 24

Venue Information 25

Hotel Booking Form 26

Registration Form 27-28

REGISTER NOW FOR STRATEGIES IN LIGHT EUROPE

4 WAYS TO REGISTER
1. ONLINE: www.sileurope.com
2. EMAIL: Registration@pennwell.com
3. FAX: +1-918-831-9161 | Toll-free: +1-888-299-8057
4. MAIL: PennWell
Strategies in Light Europe 2012
PO Box 973059
Dallas, TX 75397-3059

REGISTER EARLY AND SAVE!

Register before 20 July, 2012 and save up to 75
2 ____________
WWW.SILEUROPE.COM
ABOUT STRATEGIES IN LIGHT EUROPE
The worldwide market for LED lighting products grew by 79% in 2011 to $10.0 billion. Keeping pace with the
rapid changes taking place in this dynamic industry is the purpose of Strategies in Light Europe, now in its third
year of providing Europes most comprehensive conference and exhibition on LED lighting. This event offers
a platform for the best networking opportunities and a forum for sharing ideas and experiences in the latest
industry developments.
With a sold-out exhibit floor at both the 2010 and 2011 events, and a 54% increase in registered attendees in
2011, Strategies in Light Europe has become Europes premier event for the LED lighting industry.
Attendees will gain valuable insights into future directions and strategies of the European and broader worldwide
LED lighting markets from one of the largest and fastest-growing LED lighting events.

2011 HIGHLIGHTS

 
 

 





BENEFITS OF ATTENDING



 
   
  
 

 

  
 
 
    
  

TESTIMONIALS
The SiL Conference Europe was really interesting and rewarding for us this year in Milan, we could gain a lot of

EVONIK Industries

The benefits of attending Strategies in Light are access to a log of customers in a short amount of time as well

Texas Instruments

GE Lighting

STRATEGIES IN LIGHT EUROPE | 2012

WELCOME FROM PENNWELL
Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to attend the third annual Strategies in Light Europe conference to be held at the M.O.C.
Event Center in Munich from September 18-20, 2012. For the past two years, the conference has been chaired by Tim
Whitaker, Editor of LEDs Magazine. However, this year Tim has decided to devote full time to his journalistic duties,
and we will be the conference co-chairs for 2012. By way of introduction, Strategies Unlimited (a PennWell company)
originated the first Strategies in Light conference in the US in 2000 and recently completed the 13th annual US
conference. In addition Strategies Unlimited inaugurated Strategies in Light conferences in Japan and China in 2008
and 2010, respectively.

The focus of SIL Europe is to address the pressing issues that affect the LED industry in Europe, and in particular LED
lighting. As the recent Light + Building trade show in Frankfurt amply demonstrated, the adoption of LEDs by the
European lighting industry is well underway. Hundreds of companies throughout Europe are offering thousands of
lighting products that incorporate LEDs as a light source, ranging from spotlights to recessed luminaires to outdoor
area lights. In terms of efficacy, lumen output and reliability, LEDs have proven themselves to be optimal light sources
for multiple applications. Modules and components are widely available that dramatically reduce the barrier to entry of
any lighting company that wishes to develop LED lighting products.

In spite of these developments, there remain many issues and concerns that affect the European solid-state lighting
industry. High cost remains a barrier to more rapid market adoption. Technologies for dimming and control are
widely available, but implementation can be challenging. Color quality, and uniform standards for measuring it, is
a widespread subject of discussion in the industry. The development and implementation of a uniform set of LED
lighting standards throughout the EU community remains a pressing issue. Standards for quality and reliability of LED
lighting products have not yet been widely adopted. All of these topics and more will be addressed at Strategies in
Light Europe.

In addition to the main conference tracks, two pre-conference workshops and the Solid-State Lighting Investor Forum
will be offered on the day preceding the main conference sessions. Moreover, the exhibit area will feature over 80
companies showing the latest products from throughout the LED lighting vertical supply chain, from components to
luminaires.

We look forward to seeing you in Munich in September.

Bob Steele and Katya Evstratyeva

Strategies Unlimited

Conference Co-Chairs

4 ____________
WWW.SILEUROPE.COM
SCHEDULE OF EVENTS

TUESDAY, 18 SEPTEMBER 2012

Registration 08:30 19:00

Exhibitor Move in 09:00 14:00
SSL Investor Forum 09:00 15:00
Workshop 1: Lighting Beyond Vision
- Biological Aspects of Light 09:00 12:00

Delegate Lunch 12:00 13:00

Workshop 2: European Standards for LED Lighting 12:30 15:00
Delegate Coffee Break 15:00 15:30
Opening Remarks and Keynote Session 15:30 17:00
Welcome Reception/ Exhibition Floor Opens 17:00 19:00

WEDNESDAY, 19 SEPTEMBER 2012

Registration 07:30 19:00

Exhibition Floor Open 08:30 19:00

Plenary Session 08:30 10:30
Delegate Coffee Break 10:30 11:00
Conference Sessions 1 11:00 12:00
Delegate Lunch 12:00 13:30
Conference Sessions 2 13:30 15:00
Delegate Coffee Break 15:00 15:30
Conference Sessions 3 15:30 17:00
Networking Reception 17:00 19:00

THURSDAY, 20 SEPTEMBER 2012

Registration 08:00 15:00

Conference Sessions 4 08:30 10:00
Exhibition Floor Open 08:30 15:00
Delegate Coffee Break 10:00 10:30
Conference Sessions 5 10:30 12:00
Delegate Lunch 12:00 13:00
Conference Sessions 6 13:00 15.00
Conference Adjourns & Exhibits Close 15:00

*Times are tentative and subject to change STRATEGIES IN LIGHT EUROPE | 2012 5
CONFERENCE-AT-A-GLANCE
DAY 1 - TUESDAY 18, SEPTEMBER 2012

09:00 - 12:00 Workshop1: Lighting Beyond Vision SSL Investor Forum

Biological Aspects of Light

Delegate Lunch

Workshop 2: European Standards for LED SSL Investor Forum

Lighting

Delegate Coffee Break

Opening Keynote Session
17:00 - 19:00 Welcome Reception

DAY 2 - WEDNESDAY 19, SEPTEMBER 2012

PLENARY SESSION
Delegate Coffee Break

Market Track Technology Track

11:00 - 12:00 SESSION 1 - European Initiatives SESSION 1 - Luminare/System Design

Delegate Lunch
SESSION 2 - New Directions for LED SESSION 2 - Networks and Controls
in Lighting

Delegate Coffee Break

17:00 - 19:00 Network Reception

DAY 3 - THURSDAY 20, SEPTEMBER 2012

 SESSION 4 - Market Development SESSION 4 - Color Quality

 Delegate Coffee Break

 SESSION 5 - Lighting Applications #1: SESSION 5 - Test, Measurement

 
 and Reliability

 Delegate Lunch

  SESSION 6 - Lighting Applications #2: SESSION 6 - Phosphors, Packaging

Replacement Lamps and Optics

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ADVISORY BOARD
PennWell extends its thanks and appreciation to all members of the Strategies in Light
Europe Advisory Board for their hard work and dedication.

Mr. Andrew Davies

Commercial Director EMEA, LED Modules and Light Engines
GE Lighting
UK
Mr. Richard Distl
Chief Executive Officer
Instrument Systems GmbH
Germany
Mr. Christian Hochfilzer
Technical Director
Regent Lighting
Switzerland
Mr. Markus Klein
Vice President & General Manager, Business Segment Solid State Lighting
OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH
Germany
Mr. Michael Kramer
General Manager
LED Linear GmbH
Germany
Mr. Michel Quicheron
Policy Analyst for Energy Efficiency, Joint Research Centre
European Commission
Italy
Mr. Bernd Schulte
Chief Operating Officer
AIXTRON SE
Germany
Mr. Jergen Sturm
Secretary General
European Lamp Companies Federation
Belgium
Mr. Bruno Smets
Director Public Private Partnerships
Philips Lighting
The Netherlands

STRATEGIES IN LIGHT EUROPE | 2012 7

 WORKSHOPS & SSL INVESTOR FORUM
Day 1 - Tuesday 18, September

09:00 12:00 | Workshop 1: Lighting Beyond Vision Biological Aspects of Light

This workshop will address the emerging and important body of research of the relationship between
lighting and human health and well-being. Much of this research centers on the non-visual response to
light, and its impact on circadian rhythm, metabolism, alertness, and many other aspects of human biology.
Increasingly, this research is becoming available to the lighting industry, and on a beginning level to a
lesser extent the general public. So far, the research has been incorporated to a limited degree in specific
settings, such as hospitals or nursing homes. Other areas where research results might be applied in the
future include schools, offices, industrial sites (including shift workers), and homes for the elderly (including
ambient assisted living and residential areas).
Much has been discovered in recent years about the effects of lighting on human biology, but clearly
much remains to be investigated further. The purpose of this workshop will be two-fold: 1.) to learn about
the status of research in this field; and 2.) to understand how this research might be applied in the future,
especially with the advent of LED lighting, to provide lighting that will benefit human health, productivity,
performance, and overall well-being.

09:00 09:10 | Opening and Welcome

09:10 09:40 | The Importance of Light for Health in a Changing Society

Prof. Till Roenneberg, Medical Faculty, University of Munich

09:40 10:05 | Biological Effect of Light - The Role of Light Sources, Luminaires and Light
Management Systems
Andreas Wojtysiak, OSRAM

10:05 10:30 | School and Office - How Can Lighting Contribute to Well-being?
George Kok, Philips

10:30 10:45 | Delegate Coffee Break

10:45 11:10 | Effect of Lighting on Humans at Workplaces and Industry:

for Well-being, Efficiency, Health and Productivity
Carina Buchholz, Zummtobel

11:10 11:35 | Effect of Lighting on Humans in Healthcare, Including Patients and Staff
Lars Trettin, Trilux

11:35 12:00 | Practical Lighting Application in Care Homes for the Elderly
Annett Schenkenbach, Waldmann

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WORKSHOPS & SSL INVESTOR FORUM
Day 1 - Tuesday 18, September

09:00 15:00 | SSL Investor Forum

For many years, the industrial landscape of lighting has been stable, dominated by the leaders such as
Philips, Osram and GE. However, the recent advancements in LED lighting technology, coupled with
declining LED prices, are accelerating the adoption of solid-state lighting (SSL) in many segments of the
lighting industry, causing disruption to traditional industrial structures. This change is creating both risks
and opportunities for companies and investors involved in the lighting industry.
The SSL Investor Forum, being held for the second year, aims to address some of the principal questions
being asked by investors. The Forum will discuss issues such as the pace of adoption of LEDs in lighting,
the longer-term growth potential of the market, profitability analysis,and opportunities to invest in
different levels of the lighting value-chain. Other factors for discussion include the effects of regulations
and government subsidies, and the penetration of consumer electronics manufacturers into the lighting
space. Speakers from publicly-quoted companies as well as successful European start-ups and venture
capital firms that have brought successful LED lighting products to European and international markets will
share their expertise and insight. LED and module manufacturers will be represented, as well as luminaire
and lighting system manufacturers. Speakers will discuss investment opportunities and the influence of
energy-efficiency initiatives in Europe, as well as opportunities for growth of LED lighting start-ups.
The SSL Investor Forum is specifically designed for current and potential investors, as well as LED and
LED lighting companies seeking financing opportunities. The Forum will provide valuable information and
excellent networking opportunities.

12:00 13:00 | Delegate Lunch

12:30 15:00 | Workshop 2: European Standards for LED Lighting

The importance of standardtization of the LED ligting industry across all European nations has been in
discussion for a long time. The advancement of LED technology in a wide variety of applications creates a
need for industry to come up with the set of standards in order to provide a well-defined technology solu-
tions for consumers as well as to protect them from low quality products.
The purpose of this workshop is to cover the most essential topics related to LED lighting standards and to
provide the opportunities for attendees to engage in a discussion of the following subjects:

12:30 - 13:00 | Zhaga Interoperability Standards Update

Andrew Davies, Sales Development Director, LED Modules, Europe and MEA, UK

13:00 - 13:30 | Performance Testing Standards

Walter Parmiani, Laboratory Operations Manager Europe, UL Verification Services, Italy

13:30 14:00 | Ecodesign and Energy Labeling

Andras Toth, Policy Officer, Directorate-General for Energy, Directorate C - New and Renewable Sources of
Energy, Energy Efficiency & Innovation, European Commission, Belgium

14:00 14:30 | Ecolable Criteria for Lighting Sources

Chiara Briatore, Policy Advisor, European Lamp Companies Federation (ELC), Belgium

14:30 15:00 Overview of the Low Voltage Directive

Speaker to be announced

15:00-15:30 | Refreshment Break

STRATEGIES IN LIGHT EUROPE | 2012 9
 PROGRAMME
Day 1 - Tuesday 18, September

15:30 17:00 | OPENING KEYNOTE SESSION

15:30 16:00 | LED Lighting Evolution and Global Market Opportunities

Vrinda Bhandarkar, Director of Research, LED Lighting, Strategies Unlimited, USA
Vrinda Bhandarkar joined Strategies Unlimited in 2006 to track the emerging LED lighting markets. Since
then, she has written authoritative industry reports on HB LEDs in Lighting, LED Lighting Luminaires/Fixtures
and LED Replacement Lamps, LED Outdoor Area and Street Lighting, and LED Driver ICs.
In addition to writing reports, Vrinda is a valued participant in custom research projects for major players
in the LED lighting industry. She is a respected authority in the LED Industry and has presented the results
of her research in the LED industry at many events, including the DOE Solid State Lighting Workshops
on Market Transformation and Manufacturing; conferences organized by SEMI, Semicon West, SID and
EETimes; LEDs Magazine Webcast on Opportunities and Challenges for LED Lighting Fixture Market in
2009; and the U.s. National Research Council. She has authored several articles that have appeared in LED
industry magazines.

16:00 16:30 | The Global Lighting Industry Tradition, Transition, Transformation

Christrian Schraft, Senior Vice President - Head of Corporate Strategy & Marketing, Osram, Germany
Responsibilities Senior Vice President Corporate Strategy and Corporate Marketing Responsible for
developing and leading OSRAMs strategy, M&A, brand management, advertising, internet strategy and
sales processes Current challenges: shape the transition of the Lighting Industry Member of the Advisory
Board European Lamp Companies Federation - ELC Professional experience SVP & CEO Consumer Lighting,
OSRAM (Halogen, Incandescent, Compact Fluorescent and LED Lamps; Consumer Luminaires), 2008 - 2011
SVP & CEO Ballasts & Luminaires, OSRAM, 2005 - 2008 VP & GM Halogen Lamps, OSRAM, 2002 - 2005 Senior
Director & GM Flat Lamps, OSRAM, 2000 - 2004 Senior Director Strategy and Business Development, OSRAM,
1999 2000 Laser Scientist McKinsey Associate Education MBA, Henley Management College, 1999 Physics,
University of Bayreuth, Diplom, 1994 Physics, Universit Paris VII Denis Diderot, Matrise, 1992

16:30 17:30 | The Outlook for LED Lighting: Challenges and Opportunities
Guido van Tartwijk, General Manager Category LED Systems, Philips Lighting, The Netherlands
Guido van Tartwijk (MSc in Applied Physics (Eindhoven), PhD in Theoretical Physics (Amsterdam)) worked in
the field of semiconductor optoelectronics from 1994 through 2002 in Product & Process Development, with
Philips, JDS Uniphase, and with several start-up companies in USA and The Netherlands, and co-founded
GenOA Netherlands. Since 2003 he has been with Philips Lighting focusing on LED Lighting, and founded
its LED Lighting development center in Shanghai in 2005, now one of Philips global LED hubs. He was
responsible for the world-wide Marketing of Philips LED Retrofit Lamps from 2008 through 2011, growing that
category from inception to the first 60W LED replacement bulb, and after a Sales Management role at Philips
Lumileds, is currently General Manager of Philips Lighting LED SystemsEuropean Lamp Companies Federation
- ELC Professional experience SVP & CEO Consumer Lighting, OSRAM (Halogen, Incandescent, Compact
Fluorescent and LED Lamps; Consumer Luminaires), 2008 - 2011 SVP & CEO Ballasts & Luminaires, OSRAM,
2005 - 2008 VP & GM Halogen Lamps, OSRAM, 2002 - 2005 Senior Director & GM Flat Lamps, OSRAM, 2000 - 2

Co-Authors:
Edwin Duijnisveld, Regional & Marketing Manager EMEA, Philips Lighting, The Netherlands
Frank van Lookeren, General Manager Market OEM LS&E EMEA, Philips Lighting, The Netherlands
Annetta Kelso, Segment Marketing Manager O&I, Philips Lighting, The Netherlands

17:00 19:00 | Welcome Reception

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PROGRAMME
Day 2 - Wednesday 19, September

08:30 10:30 | PLENARY SESSION

08:30 09:00 | The Globalization of Lighting and SSL

Jan Denneman, Chariman, Global Lighting Association

09:00 09:30 | Samsungs Perspective on the LED Lighting Market

Jaap Schlejen, Executive Vice President, Sales & Marketing LED Lighting, Samsung, Germany
Before joining Samsung Electronics LED in October 2011 as EVP sales and marketing LED lighting, J. Schlejen
has worked for 24 years in Philips Lighting (Lamps and Luminaires). He has worked in senior innovation
positions (CMO & CTO) in R&D and sales & marketing (USA, Europe and Asia), the past 10 years focusing
on LED. He holds a PhD in Physics from the Royal Leiden University and throughout his career, has been
schooled in marketing (oa at Kellogg School of management, NW University).

09:30 10:00 | Lighting Designers View of LED Lighting

Alan Mitchell, Managing Director, Neolight, UK

10:00 10:30 | An American Venture Capitalists View of the SSL Start-up Scene in Europe
Paul Thurk, Managing Director, Arch Venture Partners Europe, Ireland

10:30 11:00 | Delegate Coffee Break

STRATEGIES IN LIGHT EUROPE | 2012 11

PROGRAMME
Day 2 - Wednesday 19, September
MARKET TRACK
11:00 12:00
SESSION 1 - European Initiatives
11:00 11:30 | Results of the EU Green Paper on
LED Lighting and Future Policy Measures
Representative from the European Commission,
Information Society and Media DG, Photonics Unit
11:30 12:00 | Status of EU Programs on
Lighting
Paolo Bertoldi, Action Leader, Energy Efficiency,
Renewable Energy Unit, European Commission,
Joint Research Centre, Italy
12:00 13:30 DELEGATE LUNCH
13:30 15:00
SESSION 2 - New Directions for
LEDs in Lighting
13:00 14:00 | The Need for a Level Playing
Field in Europe Market Surveillance
Otmar Franz, Chair of ELC Market Surveillance
Project, Osram AG, Germany
14:00 14:30 | The Biological Dimension of
Lighting: Enhancing Peoples Lives
Andreas Wojtysiak, Innovation Manager, Light and
Health, Osram AG, Germany
14:30 15:00 | Color Quality and Color
Tunability
Fenella Frost, Marketing Communications Director,
PhotonStar, UK
15:00 15:30 DELEGATE COFFEE BREAK
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TECHNOLOGY TRACK
11:00 12:00
SESSION 1 - Luminaire/System Design
11:00 11:30 | Innovation in LED Luminaire
Design: Process and Results
Ruedi Hug, Chief Executive Officer and Co-
Founder, LEDSTEIN AG, Liechtenstein
11:30 12:00 | Different LED Interconnection
Methods and their Effects on LED Modules
and Luminaires: Case Study
Ville Moilanen, Research Scientist, VTT, Finland
Co-Authors:
Eveliina Juntunen, Research Scientist, VTT, Finland
Kimmo Jokelainen, Research Scientist, VTT, Finland
Olli Tapaninen, Research Scientist, VTT, Finland
Veli Heikkinen, Senior Scientist, VTT, Finland
13:30 15:00
SESSION 2 - Networks and Controls
13:30 14:00 | Wired and Wireless Smart
Lighting Networks
Jacob van der Pol, Program Manager Smart
Lighting Solutions, NXP Semiconductors, The
Netherlands
14:00 14:30 | Remote Control for LED
Lighting Networks, Trends and Ideas
Yariv Oren, Chief Executive Officer, Virtual
Extension Ltd., Israel
Co-Author:
Marius Gafen, Marketing, Virtual Extension Ltd.,
Israel
14:30 15:00 | Decentralised Intelligence for
Lighting
David Whitfield, Chief Executive Officer,
enLighten Australia, Australia
PROGRAMME
Day 2 - Wednesday 19, September

MARKET TRACK TECHNOLOGY TRACK

15:30 17:00 15:30 17:00

SESSION 3 - Standards
15:30 16:00 | Overview of Standards for LED
Lighting
Speaker to be confirmed
16:00 16:30 | Interaction of Certifications
Jacob Neusink, Global Account Manager, DEKRA
Certification B.V., The Netherlands
16:30 17:00 | Standards and Norms for LED
Modules
Dirk Puettjer, Manager R&D, LED Linear GmbH,
Germany
SESSION 3 - Drivers and Dimming
15:30 16:00 | Flicker-Free Dimming: Quality
of Light for Quality of Life
Scott Brown, Senior Vice President of Marketing,
iWatt, USA
16:00 16:30 | Improving the Life and
Reliability of LED Drivers
Marshall Miles, Vice President, Inventronics, USA
16:30 17:00 | AC LEDs - The Growing Trend
Towards Driverles Light Engines
Bob Kottrisch, Vice President, Lynk Labs Inc., USA

17:00 19:00 NETWORKING RECEPTION (EXHIBIT FLOOR)

A great occasion to
meet new customers
or new contacts
GE Lighting

STRATEGIES IN LIGHT EUROPE | 2012 

PROGRAMME
Day 3 - Thursday 20, September
MARKET TRACK
08:30 10:00
SESSION 4 - Market Development
08:30 09:00 | The Truth About the SSL Market
Markus Klein, Marketing Communication Manager,
Osram Opto Semiconductors, Germany
09:00 09:30 | Market Transformation of LEDs in
General Lighting: A Vision of 2015
Annetta Kelso, Senior Marketing Manager LEDs,
Philips Lighting, The Netherlands
09:30 10:00 | Current Trends in the LED Market
Manuel Zarauza, Managing Director, Seoul
Semiconductor, Germany
10:00 10:30 DELEGATE COFFEE BREAK
10:30 12:00
SESSION 5 - Lighting Applications #1:
Project Case Studies
10:30 11:00 | Lighting the Schiphol Airport,
Amsterdam
Alexander Hanrath, Nualight, Ireland
11:00 11:30 | Efficient and Adaptive Public
Lighting Integrated in Evora Smart Grid
Janick Ihringer, Application Engineering, OSRAM
Opto Semiconductors GmbH, Germany
Co-Authors:
Pedro Carreira, I&D Project Manager, EDP
Distribuio, Portugal
Pedro Esteves, Researcher, Institute of Systems and
Robotics of University of Coimbra (ISR-UC), Portugal
Carlos Samora, Board Member/CTO, Arquiled,
Projectos de Iluminao, SA, Portugal
11:30 12:00 | All LED Office Lighting vs.
Conventional Sources
Andreas Cereghetti, Product Developer, Regent
Beleuchtungskrper AG, Switzerland
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TECHNOLOGY TRACK
08:30 10:00
SESSION 4 - Color Quality
08:30 09:00 | Color Quality of White LEDs -
The Interaction between LED-Spectra and
Reflectance Spectra of Surface Objects
Peter Bodrogi, Senior Research Fellow, Technical
University Darmstadt, Germany
Co-Author:
Tran Quoc Khanh, Professor of Lighting
Technology, Technical University Darmstadt, Germany
09:00 09:30 | Separated Phosphor LED
Modules: Getting Color Right
Patrick van der Meulen, Application Support
Manger Europe, Xicato Inc. Europe, The Netherlands
Co-Author:
Roger Sexton, Application Support Manager
Europe, Xicato Inc. - Europe, UK
09:30 10:00 | Green-Red Color Contrast
Improvement: Feasibility, Effects and Interpretation
Katalin Toth, Global Lighting Technology Six
Sigma & Training LeaderGE Hungary Kft, Hungary
10:30 12:00
SESSION 5 - Test, Measurement and
Reliability
10:30 11:00 | Environmental Durability of LED
Products - A Model for LED Testing
Florian Fell, Weathering Technology Consultant,
Atlas Material Testing Technology GmbH, Germany
Co-Author:
Olivier Haillant, Technical Consultant - Material
Durability Testing,Gold Coast, QLD 4214
11:00 11:30 | Best Practice in Optical
Measurement and Assessment of Solid-State
Lighting Products
Gareth Jones, Chief Executive Officer, LUX-TSI
Limited, UK
Co-Authors:
Paul Miller, Scientist, NPL, UK
David Chan, Chief Technical Officer, LUX-TSI
Limited, UK
11:30 12:00 | Standards and Guidelines to
Qualify LED Fixtures
Zoltan Vamos, Technology Global General
Manager, GE Lighting
PROGRAMME
Day 3 - Thursday 20, September
MARKET TRACK
12:00 13:00 DELEGATE LUNCH
13:00 15:00
SESSION 6 - Lighting Applications #2:
Replacement Lamps
13:00 14:00 | Outlook for the Global LED
Replacement Lamp Market
Katya Evstratyeva, Market Research Analyst,
Strategies Unlimited, USA
13:30 14:00 | LED Replacements for Linear
Fluorescent
Systems: Technical, Cost and Market Analysis
Fang Zhou, Director, Ginkgo Group PTE Ltd.,
Singapore
Co-Authors:
Ran Cheng. Research Engineer,
National University of Singapore, Singapore
Stephan Gassner, General Manager, Lichtline
GmbH, Germany
14:00 14:30 | Tailored Multi-Chip LEDs for
Spotlight and Downlight Applications
Uwe Hock, Manager Lighting Business, Sharp,
Germany
14:30 15:00 | LED Replacement Lamps as a
Designer Solution
Norbert Harken, Managing Shareholder, LEDO LED
Technologie GmbH, Germany
15:00 CONFERENCE ADJOURNS
TECHNOLOGY TRACK
13:00 15:00
SESSION 6 - Phosphors, Packaging and
Optics
13:00 13:30 | Critical Role of Thermal Inter-
face Materials in LED Platform Development
Sanjay Misra, Director of Research and
Development, The Bergquist Company, USA
Co-Authors:
Justin Kolbe, Sr. R&D Engineer,
The Bergquist Company, USA
Michael Stoll, Product Engineer, The Bergquist
Company, Germany
13:30 14:00 | Developments in Phosphors
and Remote Phosphors Enabling the Future of
Solid-State Lighting
Dominic Sacher, Director of Sales, Intematix
Corp., USA
14:00 14:30 | Continuous Data Chain for
Design, Manufacturing and Tolerancing of
Freeform Optics
Julia Unterhinninghofen, Optics Designer, OEC
AG, Germany
Co-Author:
Simon Junginger, Optical Designer, OEC AG,
Germany
14:30 15:00 | Reliability of Phosphors for
LED-Based Light Sources
Matteo Dal Lago, PhD Student, Department of
Information Engineering - University of Padova,
Italy
Co-Author:
Nicola Trivellin, PhD, LightCube SRL, Italy
STRATEGIES IN LIGHT EUROPE | 2012 15
CONNECT WITH STRATEGIES IN LIGHT EUROPE
STRATEGIES IN LIGHT EUROPE SOCIAL NETWORKS
Join our social networks to keep up-to-date on the latest event details, interact with other LED professionals
and access exclusive Strategies in Light Europe offers prior to the event!

TWITTER
https://twitter.com/LEDslightevents
Follow us on Twitter and well provide you with quick updates on new conference sessions, keynote speakers,
co-located activities and exhibiting companies. Use the official hashtag at any time leading up to and during
the event: #LEDsEvents

FACEBOOK
http://on.fb.me/LEDsLightingEvents
Like us on Facebook and start pre-planning for Strategies in Light Europe 2012. Post your questions, comments
or concerns regarding your week in Munich, Germany on our wall and receive a prompt response.

LINKEDIN
Join our group on LinkedIN and start connecting with fellow LED professionals before the event. Join the
discussion, start a poll, post a job or read what others are saying about the industry and the event.

16 ____________
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WELCOME RECEPTION
Time: 17:00 19:00
Date: Tuesday 18 September 2012
Location: Exhibit Floor

Help open Strategies in Light Europe 2012 by joining us on the exhibit floor at the Welcome Reception. Enjoy
hors doeuvres and drinks while networking with colleagues and meeting the exhibitors. Take the opportunity
to network with highly influential decision makers from the LED and Lighting industry while enjoying our
complimentary drinks and appetizers.

NETWORKING RECEPTION
Time: 17:00 19:00
Date: Wednesday 19 September 2012
Location: Exhibit Floor

Join us for the 2012 Strategies in Light Europe Networking Reception with complimentary appetizers and drinks
provided. Dont miss this important networking event that will attract all attendees and provide an excellent
opportunity to engage face-to-face with potential customers

The Strategies in Light Conference

Europe was really interesting and
rewarding for us this year in Milan,
we could gain a lot of information
and were able to establish some
good quality contacts within the
LED community
EVONIK Industries
STRATEGIES IN LIGHT EUROPE | 2012 17
 FLOORPLAN *Correct as of 1 June, 2012

Exhibition Hours
Tuesday, 18 September 2012 17:00 - 19:00
Wednesday, 19 September 2012 08:30 -19:00
Thursday, 20 September 2012 08:30 - 15:00

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EXHIBITOR LIST *Correct as of 1 June, 2012
EXHIBITOR BOOTH
AZZURRO SEMICONDUCTORS E6
B&W TEK INC B30
Bayer MaterialScience AG D21
BAYER MATERIALSCIENCE GMBH D23
CAMBRIDGE NANOTHERM LTD B35
Carclo Technical Plastics B16
CEZOS A8
COOLIANCE EUROPE D20
DEKRA Certification B.V. C30
DOW CORNING EUROPE S.A D13
DREYER SYSTEM GMBH D4
DSM ENGINEERING PLASTICS BV C20
DUPONT ELECTRONICS B15
Everlight Electronics D25
EVONIK INDUSTRIES B24
Excelsys Technologies Limited D9
GAMMA SCIENTIFIC C34
GE Lighting E21
GIGAHERTZ-OPTIK GMBH C41
Harvard Engineering PLC B20
HERAEUS PRECIOUS METALS GMBH & CO KG C13
HOLDERS COMPONENTS B14
INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS GMBH D22
Intertek C25
iWatt, Inc. D31
JOSEF BARTHELME GMBH & CO. KG C7
KHATOD OPTOELECTRONIC S.r.l. D35
LABSPHERE EUROPE B31
LASER 2000 GMBH C14
LIGHTCUBE SRL A14
LM-ELECTRONIC E.K. A40
MEAN WELL EUROPE BV E25
Molex Incorporated C15
OEC AG C24
OPTIS EUROPE B34
OPTOGAN GMBH B23
OSRAM OPTO SEMICONDUCTORS GMBH C16
Philips OEM Lighting Solutions EMEA A20
RADIANT ZEMAX EUROPE B9
RECOM Electronic GmbH A13
RENESAS ELECTRONICS EUROPE GMBH A31
ROAL Electronics S.p.A. A16
SABIC - INNOVATIVE PLASTICS B8
SILICA (An Avnet Company) C9
Sonoscan, Inc. C10
SPHERE OPTICS GMBH B25
STELLARNET, INC. B13
The Bergquist Company GmbH B21
UL INTERNATIONAL GERMANY GMBH A24
UNIVERSAL SCIENCE LTD A10

STRATEGIES IN LIGHT EUROPE | 2012 19

WHY EXHIBIT?
Strategies in Light Europe 2012, combines a fi rst class conference programme and an exhibition that showcases the latest
technological advances. The conference will address current LED & Lighting industry issues and provide a forum for debate,
attracting key industry players and decision makers interested in learning about the latest developments in the industry.

Book a space at Strategies in Light Europe to ensure you get to meet high level decision makers face to face and promote
your companys technology and solutions.

Reasons to Exhibit:
 Network with an international audience of high level decision makers
 Meet existing customers face to face
 Make contact with new customers
 Increase product and services awareness
 Launch new products and services
 Raise brand awareness in the market place

Professionals from all areas of the LED & Lighting Industry will attend including:
 The LED manufacturing supply chain
 Members of the lighting industry
 The lighting design community
 Policy makers
 Standards organizations and other key stakeholders

Exhibit Floor SOLD-OUT in 2010 & 2011

2011 ATTENDEE PROFILE

Company Type % Job Function %
Distribution/Sales representation 15.68 Engineering/
LED module/Sub-system manufacturer 13.65 Product/Technical Manager 28.3
Lighting Fixture or display manufacturer 10.59 Management (CEO, President,
Designer/Specifier/Installer/End-User 9.98 General Manager, VP) 25.5
Drivers and Power supplies 8.15 Distribution & Sales 16.7
LED Material and Chemical Supplier 5.30 Corp R&D 5.7
LED Equipment and Instrument Supplier 4.89 Design Engineer 5.1
Equipment/Materials supply for chip manufacturing 3.87 Investment/Financial 3.7
Academic or Government research 3.87 Consulting 2.4
LED chip manufacturer 3.67 Purchasing 1.4
Financial and Consulting 3.67 Architect Lighting Designer 1.0
Optics and Optical design 3.26 Product Eng & Manufacturing 1.0
Test & Measurement/Standards 2.85 Other 9.2
Media and PR 2.44
LED packager 1.43
Application of Interest %
General Lighting 29.4
Architect/Lighting Designer/Specifier 13.3
Entertainment and decorative Lighting 12.9
Industry and medical 12.2
Signs and Displays 9.9
Vehicles 8.1
Signals 7.3
Mobile Appliances 5.4
Other 1.4

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COST TO EXHIBIT
Raw Space Only: 315 per sqm Includes raw exhibit space, one (1) Full Conference Registration and two (2) Exhibit Staff
passes per each 9 sqm booth unit.

Shell Scheme Package: 390 per sqm Includes raw exhibit space, basic furniture package (which includes standard
carpet, walls, name board, 1 table, 2 chairs, and 1 waste bin), as well as one (1) Full Conference Registration and two (2)
Exhibit Staff passes per each 9 sqm booth unit. (Note: Electrical connection and consumption are not included and must
be ordered separately)

Enhanced Exhibitor Listing: In addition to the exhibit space above, a compulsory enhanced listing on the Strategies in
Light Europe 2012 interactive online community will be charged at a flat rate of 195 per exhibitor. The listing includes:(1)
Online up to 5 product descriptions, a 35 word company description, company logo, and full contact details(2) Print a
35 word company description in the official show guide. This fully searchable community will give your buyers access to
your information and provide an opportunity for you to communicate with potential customers before, during, and after
the event.

TOP 3 REASONS
TO UPGRADE TO A GOLD OR PLATINUM LISTING:

1. Advertise NEW 2. Showcase MORE of your 3. STAND OUT from

products and solutions! products and services! your competition!

For more information, please contact:

Karina Pharoah, Senior Exhibitor Services Manager | +44 1992 656 615 | karinap@pennwell.com

SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES
Make more of your attendance at Strategies in Light Europe. Sponsorship opportunities offer a great way to enhance
the profile and greater raise the awareness of your company - before, during and after the event.
Sponsorship packages are exclusive to Strategies in Light exhibitors and are designed around your corporate goals and
to maximize awareness and visibility of the sponsors participation at the event. Contact us to discuss your sponsorship
requirements and we will design a package to suit your needs and budget.

CONTACTS
To reserve one of the last remaining booths and to discuss sponsorship opportunities contact:

Worldwide: Germany/Switzerland/Austria: USA West Coast: USA East Coast:

Virginia Willis Holger Gerisch Tim Carli Mary Donnelly
+44 1992 656 663 +49-(0)8856-8020228 +1 650 946 3163 +1 (603) 891 9398
virginiaw@pennwell.com holgerg@pennwell.com tcarli@pennwell.com maryd@pennwell.com

STRATEGIES IN LIGHT EUROPE | 2012 21

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and bookmark exhibiting companies, products and services that interest you while you search
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right from your desktop at http://community.strategiesinlight.com. After you bookmark
exhibitors and products, they are automatically saved as favorites and are highlighted on your
printable floor plan for you to follow on site.

BENEFITS OF DIRECTEVENTCONNECT BEFORE ATTENDING THE EVENT:

BENEFITS OF DIRECTEVENTCONNECT WHILE AT THE EVENT:

Network with other registered users and exhibitors
 








throughout the event

18
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13 19
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1
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7
2 16
6
12 17

BENEFITS OF DIRECTEVENTCONNECT AFTER THE EVENT:




need an updated copy

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22 ____________
WWW.SILEUROPE.COM
 SPONSORS & MEDIA PARTNERS
Owned & Produced By:

Presented by: Support by:

Sponsors:
Conference Bag Sponsor: Exhibition Bag & Exhibit Floor Exhibit Floor Giveaway Sponsor: Conference Badge & Conference
Giveaway Sponsor: Luncheon Sponsor:

Conference Notebook Conference Pen Sponsor: Conference Event Pocket Exhibit Floor Giveaway Sponsor:
Sponsor: Guide Sponsor:

Supporting Associations

German Hightech
Industry Association

Media Partners:

STRATEGIES IN LIGHT EUROPE | 2012 

CONTACTS
EXHIBITION & SPONSORSHIP SALES
Worldwide Sales:
Virginia Willis
T: +44 (0) 1992 656 663
E: virginiaw@pennwell.com

Germany/Switzerland/Austria:
Holger Gerisch
T: +49-(0)8856-8020228
E: holgerg@pennwell.com

USA East Coast Sales:

Mary Donnelly
T: +1 603 891 9398
E: maryd@pennwell.com

USA West Coast Sales:

Tim Carli
T: +1 650 946 3163
E: tcarli@pennwell.com

CONFERENCE MANAGEMENT
Robert V. Steele, Ph.D.
Conference Director
T: +1-650-946-3164
E: rsteele@strategies-u.com

Katya Evstratyeva
Conference Director
T: +1 650-946-3171
E: katyae@pennwell.com

Emily Pryor
Conference Manager
T: +44 (0) 1992 656 614
E: emilyp@pennwell.com

OPERATIONS
Melanie McGuire
Senior Event Operations Manager
T: +1 (918) 832 9180
E: melaniem@pennwell.com

EXHIBITOR SERVICES
Karina Pharoah
Senior Exhibitor Services Manager
T: +44 1992 656 615
E: karinap@pennwell.com

MARKETING
Helen Lomas
Marketing Manager
T: +44 1992 656 654
E: helenl@pennwell.com

24 ____________
WWW.SILEUROPE.COM
HOW TO GET TO THE VENUE
The M.O.C. Event Center in the north of Munich is easy to reach for exhibitors and visitors. It is only a 20-minute drive
by car from the airport as it is directly linked with the A9 motorway (Nuremberg-Salzburg). You will find plenty of parking
space there. You can also get there comfortably by public transport: It will take you about 12 minutes by underground
from the city centre; from the underground station it is only a 5-minute walk to the M.O.C.
Arriving by Public Transport
Comfortable, fast, safe and environment-friendly: It only takes about 12 minutes to reach the M.O.C. from the city
centre by underground. Take the underground U6 (Frttmaning/Garching-Forschungszentrum) from Marienplatz to
Kieferngarten. From there it is about a 5-minute walk to the M.O.C.
You will find timetable information for Munichs Public Transport system (MVV) at www.mvv-muenchen.de.
Arriving by Car
The M.O.C. is perfectly linked to the German motorway system and therefore easy to reach by car: From the A9 motorway
take the exit Mnchen-Freimann, turn into Heidemannstrasse and, after about 500 m, turn left into Lilienthalallee.
Via navigation system to the M.O.C.:
Depending on the navigation system you are using, youll find the M.O.C. in the category Ausstellungsgelnde
(show grounds) or under the keyword MOC.
When coming from Munich, simply follow the road signs to M.O.C.these will guide you to the M.O.C.. There is parking
space for 1,500 cars in the underground garage at the M.O.C..

Nrnberg
A9 Deggendorf
Neufahrn A92
N
Stuttgart Autobahnring
A8 Nord A99
Flughafen Mnchen
Allach Feldmoching
Nord
Eschen- MOC
ried Ausfahrt Flughafen-
West Freimann tangente
Feld- Kiefern- Ost
moching garten

Autobahnring
M Ost A99
Autobahnring
it t

COPYRIGHT: Messe Munchen GmbH

West A99
ler
er

CITY
R ing

Haupt- Marien- Ost- Ost

Sdwest bahnhof platz bahnhof
A99/A96
Messe
ICM Mnchen Passau
Lindau A94
A96 Innsbrucker Ring
M Messestadt
it tl West Ost
ere
r Ring
Salzburg
A8
Garmisch-
Partenkirchen A995
A95 zur Autobahn
Salzburg
Sd Umweltzone

HOTEL INFORMATION
If you are attending Strategies in Light Europe 2012 and require hotel accommodation in the Milan area please log on to
the website: www.sileurope.com.
Click the Hotels button on the home page. This will take you to the Hotel Booking link which is a fast and user friendly
online hotel booking system. You will find a full list of available hotels & rates, a hotel map, as well as options for all your
other travel needs. Alternatively please complete the hotel booking form enclosed in this pre-show guide.
Events in Focus is a market leader in accommodation, travel and on-site management for worldwide events. Offering
competitive rates at a wide range of hotels including transfers, meet and greet, organising private functions and dinners
during this event.
For reservations, questions or concerns please contact:
Randy Wright | Director - International Events/Conferences
T: +44 (0) 207 902 7761
F: +44 (0) 207 633 9427
E: rwright@eventsinfocus.net
STRATEGIES IN LIGHT EUROPE | 2012 25
26 ____________
WWW.SILEUROPE.COM
2012 CONFERENCE & EXPO REGISTRATION FORM PROMOTION CODE

4 WAYS TO REGISTER
1. Online: Visit www.sileurope.com and register on the
registration page of our website.
2. By Fax: Fax your completed reg form to: +1 918 831 9161 or
toll free (US only): +1 888 299 8057
3. By Mail: Strategies in Light Europe Conference & Exhibition
Registration, P.O. Box 973059, Dallas, TX 75397-3059
18-20 September 2012 4. By Email: Scan your completed registration form and email
to: registration@pennwell.com
M.O.C. Event Centre, Munich, Germany

Registrants Name _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Title/Position _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Company________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Address_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Address 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

City ____________________________________________________________________ State ___________________________________________

Country __________________________________________________________Zip/Postal Code ___________________________________________

Telephone _________________________________________________________________Fax ___________________________________________

Email __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Registration confirmation will be sent via email, if a unique email address is provided above.

PLEASE COMPLETE THIS SECTION TO RECEIVE AN ADMISSION BADGE

1. WHAT BEST DESCRIBES YOUR JOB
FUNCTION WITH REGARD TO LEDS?
(SELECT ONE)
01  Corporate/General Management
14  Design Engineer
05  Engineering Management
15  Architect Lighting Designer
16  Lighting Specifier
07  Product Engineering & Manufacturing
04  End User of LED Products
08  Product System Design
02  Corporate R&D
06  Investment/Financial
09  Purchasing
10  Research (Academic, Government)
12  Test, Measurement, Quality Control
98  Other (please specify)
_______________________________
2. WHAT BEST DESCRIBES YOUR
ORGANIZATIONS ACTIVITY WITH
REGARDS TO LEDS?
(SELECT ONE)
01  Architect/Lighting Designer/Specifier
02  Display Manufacturer
03  Distributer
04  Drivers & Power Supplies
05  Education
06  End User of LED Products
07  Government
08  LED Chip Manufacturer
09  LED Manufacture
10  Light Engineer/LED Module Supplie
11  Lighting Installer
12  Lighting Manufacturer
14  OEM that Integrates LED Products
15  Optical Design & Integration
16  Test Services, Equipment
98  Other (please specify)
_______________________________
4. WHAT PRODUCTS DO YOU PURCHASE 5. WHAT PUBLICATIONS DO YOU READ TO OBTAIN
OR SPECIFY? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY) INFORMATION ON HB LEDS + LIGHTING?
01  LED Chips (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)
02  LED Manufacturing Equipment 01  LEDs Magazine
03  Materials & Chemicals for LED 02  CompoundSemiOnline/
Manufacturing SolidStateLighting.net/LIGHTimes
04  LED Modules & Subsystems 03 
Lighting Design+Application Magazine
05  Packaged LED 04  LED Journal
06  Chip-On Boards 05  LED Professional
07  Driver ICs 06  LED Inside
08  Drivers & Control Equipment 07  Arch SSL
09  
Optical Design Software & Services 08  Other, Please Specify
10  Test & Measurement Equipment ______________________________
11  Optics, Lenses, Diffusers, Etc.
6. PURCHASING ROLE: (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)
12  Packing Materials, Heat Sinks
01  Specify
13  Displays
02  Recommend
14  Lighting Fixtures
03  Approve
15  Other, Please Specify
04  None
__________________________

Would you like to receive (or continue reveiving) FREE electronic issues of LEDS Magazine?
3. WHAT APPLICATIONS ARE YOU INVOLVED IN? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)
 Yes  No__________________________ __________________
01  General Lighting 06  Mobile Appliances SIGNATURE DATE

02  Entertainment & Decorative Lighting 07  Signals Would you like to receive (or continue receiving) FREE electronic newsletters? (PLEASE CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)
03  Architectural Lighting 08  Industrial and Medical  LEDs Magazine Weekly eNewsletter
04  Signs & Displays 09  Backlighting & Projections  LEDs Magazine Monthly Product Focus eNewsletter
 LEDs Magazine Monthly Outdoor LED Lighting eNewsletter
05  Vehicles
2012 CONFERENCE & EXPO REGISTRATION FORM
4 WAYS TO REGISTER
1. Online: Visit www.sileurope.com and register on the
registration page of our website.
2. By Fax: Fax your completed reg form to: +1 918 831 9161 or
toll free (US only): +1 888 299 8057
3. By Mail: Strategies in Light Europe Conference & Exhibition
Registration, P.O. Box 973059, Dallas, TX 75397-3059
18-20 September 2012 4. By Email: Scan your completed registration form and email
M.O.C. Event Centre, Munich, Germany to: registration@pennwell.com

REGISTRATION FEES Early Bird Registration Must Be Paid on or before July 20, 2012
TOTAL ACCESS PASS - BEST VALUE:
Includes both Workshops or Investment Forum (18 September) Conference (19 & 20 September) Conference/Workshops/Investors Forum Proceedings, Keynote Presentation, Exhibition,
Welcome Reception, Networking Reception, Coffee Breaks and Lunches
 Early Bird Rate Paid On Or Before July 20, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850
 Paid After July 20, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925

INDIVIDUAL FULL CONFERENCE:

Includes conference 19 & 20 September, Conference Proceedings, Keynote Presentation, Exhibition, Welcome Reception, Networking Reception, Coffee Breaks and Lunches
(DOES NOT INCLUDE WORKSHOPS):
 Early Bird Rate Paid On Or Before July 20, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700
 Paid After July 20, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750

SINGLE DAY CONFERENCE:

Includes Conference access only for the specific date registered for, Conference Proceedings, Exhibition, Coffee Breaks, Receptions and Lunch only for the specific date registered for:
Wednesday September 19, 2012
 Early Bird Rate Paid On Or Before July 20, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510
 Paid After July 20, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550

Thursday September 20
 Early Bird Rate Paid On Or Before July 20, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510
 Paid After July 20, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550

WORKSHOPS
Includes access to 1 workshop and the Exhibition
Workshop 1: Lighting Beyond Vision - Biological Aspects of Light
 Early Bird Rate Paid On Or Before July 20, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
 Paid After July 20, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Workshop 2: Euopean Standards for LED Lighting
 Early Bird Rate Paid On Or Before July 20, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
 Paid After July 20, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

INVESTOR FORUM
Includes access to Investor Forum and Exhibition only
(DOES NOT INCLUDE WORKSHOPS):
 Register before or at the event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

EXHIBITS ONLY PASS - Includes access to Exhibit Floor and Receptions. Does not include lunches.
 Register before or at the event. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FREE

Please add all selections and total here: ______________

Add 19% German VAT: ______________
TOTAL DUE: ______________
METHOD OF PAYMENT
 CHECK ENCLOSED (in US funds only. Payable to PennWell) CREDIT CARD NUMBER: __________________________________________________
 WIRE (Wire instructions will be provided on invoice)
EXPIRATION DATE: ______________________________________________________
CREDIT CARD:
 MASTERCARD FULL NAME: (as it appears on card) _________________________________________________
 VISA
 AMERICAN EXPRESS CARD HOLDER SIGNATURE ________________________________________________
 DISCOVER
Payments must be received by published date in order to receive early registration discounts. Cancellations must be received in writing before August 14, 2012 in order to receive a
refund, minus $100 administrative charge. After August 14, 2012, refunds are not available. Substitutions may be made at anytime by contacting the registration office in writing.