Objectives:

To study the no-load and the external characteristics of a DC shunt generator.

Theory:
The generator is the main source of electric nowadays, and there are many types of
them, each one has its building and characteristics and one of the types is DC shunt
generator, which is the main characteristic is that its field current is from the generator
itself, which leads to build up the voltage not like the separately excited dc generator,
which needs initial residual magnetism to be exist before the operating.
Part one (No-Load test):

* Speed = 1250 rpm

V(volts) 1 2 3 4 6 10 13 18 19 20 22
If(Amper) 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.1 0.21 0.3 0.41 0.46 0.5 0.6

* Speed = 1500 rpm

V(volts) 1.5 6 8.5 12 14 16 19 21 23 25 28

If(Amper) 0 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.6
1)

2)E= Ka, that is the armature open voltage equation for DC machines ,Ka is a
constant and is a constant since its affected with the given If ,then from all the
above it looks like as a speed increases () the voltage(E) increased too.
3) E= Ka, Ka, is constant and (flux) is affected proportionally with If , and
If =E/Re and thats goes on(the building of the voltage) until the armature gives its
maximum flux at the magnetization curve, which then the voltage becomes constant.
The emf may fail building up because of:
a- Residual magnetism doesn't present in the windings.
b- Field winding mmf doesn't aid the residual magnetism.
c- Field circuit resistance is larger than the critical field circuit resistance.

Part two: (External characteristics):

* Speed = 1250 rpm
1)
Vt(volts) 36 33 31 29 26 21 7 3 0
IL(Amper) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.11
If(Amper) 1 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.18 0.08 0

2) this condition happened at Vt=0 and the reason why it is not dangerous that is when
the short occurs may be there is high risk of high current,but that's also means the
field current will decrease too ,because the most of power transferred to short line
,which will leads decresing in the flux and of course of the voltage and so the risk of
high power production.
3) Vt=0 V and IL=0.11 A

Discussion & Conclusion:

1) Safety always comes first, so before the experiment must make shore to connect
correctly and don't get close the rotating parts.
2) Every shunt generator must have the residual flux, or the generator will not work,
because the residual flux gives the beginning voltage to the field current to allow it to
build up and corresponding to that the terminal voltage begins to build up.
3) Every new shunt generator must operate firstly as separately excited generator to
obtain the residual flux that mentioned above.
4) To obtain the building up voltage the magnetism of coils must have the same
direction.
5) This kind of the generator one of the safest kinds at the short circuits conditions,
because having self dissipated energy mechanism.
6) From fig1 it s appears that there is relation between the terminal voltage , speed
and field current(terminal voltage directly proportional with speed and according to
magnetization curve with field current).
7) From fig 2 it appears that there is small current at short circuits conditions ,and
there is maximum value of load current(which must be taken to have the maximum
power and so the minimum losing energy).