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CODE OF PROFESSIONAL PENDENCE, INTEGRITY AND EF-

RESPONSIBILITY FECTIVENESS OF THE PROFES-


(Promulgated June 21, 1988)
SION.

Rule 2.01 - A lawyer shall not re-


CHAPTER I. THE LAWYER ject, except for valid reasons, the
AND SOCIETY cause of the defenseless or the op-
pressed.
CANON 1 - A LAWYER SHALL UP-
HOLD THE CONSTITUTION, Rule 2.02 - In such cases, even if
OBEY THE LAWS OF THE LAND the lawyer does not accept a case,
AND PROMOTE RESPECT FOR he shall not refuse to render legal
LAW OF AND LEGAL PRO- advice to the person concerned if
CESSES. only to the extent necessary to
safeguard the latter's rights.
Rule 1.01 - A lawyer shall not en-
gage in unlawful, dishonest, im- Rule 2.03 - A lawyer shall not do or
moral or deceitful conduct. permit to be done any act designed
primarily to solicit legal business.
Rule 1.02 - A lawyer shall not coun-
sel or abet activities aimed at defi- Rule 2.04 - A lawyer shall not
ance of the law or at lessening con- charge rates lower than those cus-
fidence in the legal system. tomarily prescribed unless the cir-
cumstances so warrant.
Rule 1.03 - A lawyer shall not, for
any corrupt motive or interest, en- CANON 3 - A LAWYER IN MAKING
courage any suit or proceeding or KNOWN HIS LEGAL SERVICES
delay any man's cause. SHALL USE ONLY TRUE, HON-
EST, FAIR, DIGNIFIED AND OB-
Rule 1.04 - A lawyer shall encour- JECTIVE INFORMATION OR
age his clients to avoid, end or set- STATEMENT OF FACTS.
tle a controversy if it will admit of a
fair settlement. Rule 3.01 - A lawyer shall not use
or permit the use of any false,
CANON 2 - A LAWYER SHALL fraudulent, misleading, deceptive,
MAKE HIS LEGAL SERVICES undignified, self-laudatory or un-
AVAILABLE IN AN EFFICIENT fair statement or claim regarding
AND CONVENIENT MANNER his qualifications or legal services.
COMPATIBLE WITH THE INDE- Rule 3.02 - In the choice of a firm
name, no false, misleading or as-
sumed name shall be used. The

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continued use of the name of a de- CANON 6 - THESE CANONS
ceased partner is permissible pro- SHALL APPLY TO LAWYERS IN
vided that the firm indicates in all GOVERNMENT SERVICES IN
its communications that said part- THE DISCHARGE OF THEIR
ner is deceased. TASKS.

Rule 3.03 - Where a partner ac- Rule 6.01 - The primary duty of a
cepts public office, he shall with- lawyer engaged in public prosecu-
drawal from the firm and his name tion is not to convict but to see that
shall be dropped from the firm justice is done. The suppression of
name unless the law allows him to facts or the concealment of wit-
practice law currently. nesses capable of establishing the
innocence of the accused is highly
Rule 3.04 - A lawyer shall not pay reprehensible and is cause for dis-
or give anything of value to repre- ciplinary action.
sentatives of the mass media in an-
ticipation of, or in return for, pub- Rule 6.02 - A lawyer in the govern-
licity to attract legal business. ment service shall not use his pub-
lic position to promote or advance
CANON 4 - A LAWYER SHALL his private interests, nor allow the
PARTICIPATE IN THE DEVELOP- latter to interfere with his public
MENT OF THE LEGAL SYSTEM duties.
BY INITIATING OR SUPPORTING
EFFORTS IN LAW REFORM AND Rule 6.03 - A lawyer shall not, after
IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE leaving government service, accept
ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE. engagement or employment in con-
nection with any matter in which
CANON 5 - A LAWYER SHALL he had intervened while in said ser-
KEEP ABREAST OF LEGAL DE- vice.
VELOPMENTS, PARTICIPATE IN
CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCA-
TION PROGRAMS, SUPPORT EF-
FORTS TO ACHIEVE HIGH
STANDARDS IN LAW SCHOOLS
AS WELL AS IN THE PRACTICAL
TRAINING OF LAW STUDENTS
AND ASSIST IN DISSEMINATING CHAPTER II. THE LAW-
THE LAW AND JURISPRU- YER AND THE LEGAL
DENCE.
PROFESSION

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CANON 7 - A LAWYER SHALL AT Rule 8.02 - A lawyer shall not, di-
ALL TIMES UPHOLD THE IN- rectly or indirectly, encroach
TEGRITY AND DIGNITY OF THE upon the professional employ-
LEGAL PROFESSION AND SUP- ment of another lawyer, how-
PORT THE ACTIVITIES OF THE ever, it is the right of any lawyer,
INTEGRATED BAR. without fear or favor, to give
proper advice and assistance to
Rule 7.01 - A lawyer shall be an- those seeking relief against un-
swerable for knowingly making a faithful or neglectful counsel.
false statement or suppressing a
material fact in connection with CANON 9 - A LAWYER SHALL
his application for admission to NOT, DIRECTLY OR INDI-
the bar. RECTLY, ASSIST IN THE UNAU-
Rule 7.02 - A lawyer shall not THORIZED PRACTICE OF LAW.
support the application for ad-
mission to the bar of any person
known by him to be unqualified
Rule 9.01 - A lawyer shall not del-
in respect to character, educa-
egate to any unqualified person
tion, or other relevant attribute.
the performance of any task
Rule 7.03 - A lawyer shall not en-
which by law may only be per-
gage in conduct that adversely
formed by a member of the bar in
reflects on his fitness to practice
good standing.
law, nor shall he whether in pub-
Rule 9.02 - A lawyer shall not di-
lic or private life, behave in a
vide or stipulate to divide a fee
scandalous manner to the dis-
for legal services with persons
credit of the legal profession.
not licensed to practice law, ex-
cept:chanroblesvirtuallawlibrary

CANON 8 - A LAWYER SHALL (a) Where there is a pre-existing


CONDUCT HIMSELF WITH agreement with a partner or as-
COURTESY, FAIRNESS AND sociate that, upon the latter's
CANDOR TOWARDS HIS PRO- death, money shall be paid over
FESSIONAL COLLEAGUES, AND a reasonable period of time to his
SHALL AVOID HARASSING TAC- estate or to persons specified in
TICS AGAINST OPPOSING the agreement; or
COUNSEL. (b) Where a lawyer undertakes to
complete unfinished legal busi-
ness of a deceased lawyer; or
Rule 8.01 - A lawyer shall not, in (c) Where a lawyer or law firm in-
his professional dealings, use cludes non-lawyer employees in
language which is abusive, offen- a retirement plan even if the
sive or otherwise improper.

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plan is based in whole or in part, Rule 11.01 - A lawyer shall ap-
on a profit sharing agreement. pear in court properly attired.
Rule 11.02 - A lawyer shall punc-
CHAPTER III. THE LAWYER AND tually appear at court hearings.
THE COURTS Rule 11.03 - A lawyer shall ab-
CANON 10 - A LAWYER OWES stain from scandalous, offensive
CANDOR, FAIRNESS AND GOOD or menacing language or behav-
FAITH TO THE COURT. ior before the Courts.
Rule 11.04 - A lawyer shall not
attribute to a Judge motives not
supported by the record or have
Rule 10.01 - A lawyer shall not do no materiality to the case.
any falsehood, nor consent to Rule 11.05 - A lawyer shall sub-
the doing of any in Court; nor mit grievances against a Judge
shall he mislead, or allow the to the proper authorities only.
Court to be misled by any arti-
fice.
CANON 12 - A LAWYER SHALL
Rule 10.02 - A lawyer shall not
EXERT EVERY EFFORT AND
knowingly misquote or misrepre-
CONSIDER IT HIS DUTY TO AS-
sent the contents of a paper, the
SIST IN THE SPEEDY AND EFFI-
language or the argument of op-
CIENT ADMINISTRATION OF
posing counsel, or the text of a
JUSTICE.
decision or authority, or know-
ingly cite as law a provision al-
ready rendered inoperative by re-
peal or amendment, or assert as Rule 12.01 - A lawyer shall not
a fact that which has not been appear for trial unless he has ad-
proved. equately prepared himself on the
Rule 10.03 - A lawyer shall ob- law and the facts of his case, the
serve the rules of procedure and evidence he will adduce and the
shall not misuse them to defeat order of its proferrence. He
the ends of justice. should also be ready with the
original documents for compari-
CANON 11 - A LAWYER SHALL son with the copies.
OBSERVE AND MAINTAIN THE Rule 12.02 - A lawyer shall not
RESPECT DUE TO THE COURTS file multiple actions arising from
AND TO JUDICIAL OFFICERS the same cause.
AND SHOULD INSIST ON SIMI- Rule 12.03 - A lawyer shall not,
LAR CONDUCT BY OTHERS. after obtaining extensions of
time to file pleadings, memo-
randa or briefs, let the period
lapse without submitting the

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same or offering an explanation
for his failure to do so. Rule 13.01 - A lawyer shall not
Rule 12.04 - A lawyer shall not extend extraordinary attention
unduly delay a case, impede the or hospitality to, nor seek oppor-
execution of a judgment or mis- tunity for cultivating familiarity
use Court processes. with Judges.
Rule 12.05 - A lawyer shall re- Rule 13.02 - A lawyer shall not
frain from talking to his witness make public statements in the
during a break or recess in the media regarding a pending case
trial, while the witness is still un- tending to arouse public opinion
der examination. for or against a party.
Rule 12.06 - A lawyer shall not Rule 13.03 - A lawyer shall not
knowingly assist a witness to brook or invite interference by
misrepresent himself or to im- another branch or agency of the
personate another. government in the normal
Rule 12.07 - A lawyer shall not course of judicial proceedings.
abuse, browbeat or harass a wit-
ness nor needlessly inconven-
CHAPTER IV. THE LAWYER AND
ience him.
THE CLIENT
Rule 12.08 - A lawyer shall avoid
CANON 14 - A LAWYER SHALL
testifying in behalf of his client,
NOT REFUSE HIS SERVICES TO
except:
THE NEEDY.
chanroblesvirtuallawlibrary

(a) on formal matters, such as the


mailing, authentication or cus-
tody of an instrument, and the
like; or Rule 14.01 - A lawyer shall not
(b) on substantial matters, in decline to represent a person
cases where his testimony is es- solely on account of the latter's
sential to the ends of justice, in race, sex. creed or status of life,
which event he must, during his or because of his own opinion re-
testimony, entrust the trial of garding the guilt of said person.
the case to another counsel. Rule 14.02 - A lawyer shall not
decline, except for serious and
CANON 13 - A LAWYER SHALL sufficient cause, an appointment
RELY UPON THE MERITS OF as counsel de officio or as ami-
HIS CAUSE AND REFRAIN FROM cus curiae, or a request from the
ANY IMPROPRIETY WHICH Integrated Bar of the Philippines
TENDS TO INFLUENCE, OR or any of its chapters for rendi-
GIVES THE APPEARANCE OF IN- tion of free legal aid.
FLUENCING THE COURT. Rule 14.03 - A lawyer may not re-
fuse to accept representation of
an indigent client if:
chanroblesvirtuallawlibrary

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(a) he is not in a position to carry Rule 15.04. - A lawyer may, with
out the work effectively or com- the written consent of all con-
petently; cerned, act as mediator, concili-
(b) he labors under a conflict of ator or arbitrator in settling dis-
interest between him and the putes.
prospective client or between a Rule 15.05. - A lawyer when ad-
present client and the prospec- vising his client, shall give a can-
tive client. did and honest opinion on the
Rule 14.04 - A lawyer who ac- merits and probable results of
cepts the cause of a person una- the client's case, neither over-
ble to pay his professional fees stating nor understating the pro-
shall observe the same standard spects of the case.
of conduct governing his rela- Rule 15.06. - A lawyer shall not
tions with paying clients. state or imply that he is able to
influence any public official, tri-
CANON 15 - A LAWYER SHALL bunal or legislative body.
OBSERVE CANDOR, FAIRNESS Rule 15.07. - A lawyer shall im-
AND LOYALTY IN ALL HIS DEAL- press upon his client compliance
INGS AND TRANSACTIONS WITH with the laws and the principles
HIS CLIENTS. of fairness.
Rule 15.08. - A lawyer who is en-
gaged in another profession or
occupation concurrently with
Rule 15.01. - A lawyer, in confer- the practice of law shall make
ring with a prospective client, clear to his client whether he is
shall ascertain as soon as practi- acting as a lawyer or in another
cable whether the matter would capacity.
involve a conflict with another
client or his own interest, and if
CANON 16 - A LAWYER SHALL
so, shall forthwith inform the
HOLD IN TRUST ALL MONEYS
prospective client.
AND PROPERTIES OF HIS
Rule 15.02.- A lawyer shall be
CLIENT THAT MAY COME INTO
bound by the rule on privilege
HIS PROFESSION.
communication in respect of
matters disclosed to him by a
prospective client.
Rule 15.03. - A lawyer shall not Rule 16.01 - A lawyer shall ac-
represent conflicting interests count for all money or property
except by written consent of all collected or received for or from
concerned given after a full dis- the client.
closure of the facts. Rule 16.02 - A lawyer shall keep
the funds of each client separate

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and apart from his own and those is not qualified to render. How-
of others kept by him. ever, he may render such service
Rule 16.03 - A lawyer shall de- if, with the consent of his client,
liver the funds and property of he can obtain as collaborating
his client when due or upon de- counsel a lawyer who is compe-
mand. However, he shall have a tent on the matter.
lien over the funds and may ap- Rule 18.02 - A lawyer shall not
ply so much thereof as may be handle any legal matter without
necessary to satisfy his lawful adequate preparation.
fees and disbursements, giving Rule 18.03 - A lawyer shall not
notice promptly thereafter to his neglect a legal matter entrusted
client. He shall also have a lien to him, and his negligence in
to the same extent on all judg- connection therewith shall ren-
ments and executions he has se- der him liable.
cured for his client as provided Rule 18.04 - A lawyer shall keep
for in the Rules of Court. the client informed of the status
Rule 16.04 - A lawyer shall not of his case and shall respond
borrow money from his client un- within a reasonable time to the
less the client's interest are fully client's request for information.
protected by the nature of the
case or by independent advice. CANON 19 - A LAWYER SHALL
Neither shall a lawyer lend REPRESENT HIS CLIENT WITH
money to a client except, when ZEAL WITHIN THE BOUNDS OF
in the interest of justice, he has THE LAW.
to advance necessary expenses
in a legal matter he is handling
for the client.
Rule 19.01 - A lawyer shall em-
ploy only fair and honest means
CANON 17 - A LAWYER OWES
to attain the lawful objectives of
FIDELITY TO THE CAUSE OF
his client and shall not present,
HIS CLIENT AND HE SHALL BE
participate in presenting or
MINDFUL OF THE TRUST AND
threaten to present unfounded
CONFIDENCE REPOSED IN HIM.
criminal charges to obtain an im-
CANON 18 - A LAWYER SHALL
proper advantage in any case or
SERVE HIS CLIENT WITH COM-
proceeding.
PETENCE AND DILIGENCE.
Rule 19.02 - A lawyer who has re-
ceived information that his cli-
ent has, in the course of the rep-
Rules 18.01 - A lawyer shall not resentation, perpetrated a fraud
undertake a legal service which upon a person or tribunal, shall
he knows or should know that he promptly call upon the client to

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rectify the same, and failing (j) The professional standing of
which he shall terminate the re- the lawyer.
lationship with such client in ac- Rule 20.02 - A lawyer shall, in
cordance with the Rules of case of referral, with the consent
Court. of the client, be entitled to a di-
Rule 19.03 - A lawyer shall not vision of fees in proportion to
allow his client to dictate the the work performed and respon-
procedure in handling the case. sibility assumed.
Rule 20.03 - A lawyer shall not,
CANON 20 - A LAWYER SHALL without the full knowledge and
CHARGE ONLY FAIR AND REA- consent of the client, accept any
SONABLE FEES. fee, reward, costs, commission,
interest, rebate or forwarding al-
lowance or other compensation
whatsoever related to his profes-
Rule 20.01 - A lawyer shall be sional employment from anyone
guided by the following factors in other than the client.
determining his fees: chanroblesvirtuallawlibrary

Rule 20.04 - A lawyer shall avoid


(a) the time spent and the extent controversies with clients con-
of the service rendered or re- cerning his compensation and
quired; shall resort to judicial action
(b) the novelty and difficulty of only to prevent imposition, in-
the questions involved; justice or fraud.
(c) The importance of the subject
matter;
CANON 21 - A LAWYER SHALL
(d) The skill demanded;
PRESERVE THE CONFIDENCE
(e) The probability of losing other
AND SECRETS OF HIS CLIENT
employment as a result of ac-
EVEN AFTER THE ATTORNEY-
ceptance of the proffered case;
CLIENT RELATION IS TERMI-
(f) The customary charges for
NATED.
similar services and the schedule
of fees of the IBP chapter to
which he belongs;
(g) The amount involved in the Rule 21.01 - A lawyer shall not
controversy and the benefits re- reveal the confidences or secrets
sulting to the client from the ser- of his client except;
vice; (a) When authorized by the client
(h) The contingency or certainty after acquainting him of the con-
of compensation; sequences of the disclosure;
(i) The character of the employ- (b) When required by law;
ment, whether occasional or es-
tablished; and

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(c) When necessary to collect his CANON 22 - A LAWYER SHALL
fees or to defend himself, his em- WITHDRAW HIS SERVICES
ployees or associates or by judi- ONLY FOR GOOD CAUSE AND
cial action. UPON NOTICE APPROPRIATE IN
Rule 21.02 - A lawyer shall not, THE CIRCUMSTANCES.
to the disadvantage of his client,
use information acquired in the
course of employment, nor shall
Rule 22.01 - A lawyer may with-
he use the same to his own ad-
draw his services in any of the
vantage or that of a third person,
following case:
unless the client with full
chanroblesvirtuallawlibrary

(a) When the client pursues an il-


knowledge of the circumstances
legal or immoral course of con-
consents thereto.
duct in connection with the mat-
Rule 21.03 - A lawyer shall not,
ter he is handling;
without the written consent of
(b) When the client insists that
his client, give information from
the lawyer pursue conduct viola-
his files to an outside agency
tive of these canons and rules;
seeking such information for au-
(c) When his inability to work
diting, statistical, bookkeeping,
with co-counsel will not promote
accounting, data processing, or
the best interest of the client;
any similar purpose.
(d) When the mental or physical
Rule 21.04 - A lawyer may dis-
condition of the lawyer renders
close the affairs of a client of the
it difficult for him to carry out
firm to partners or associates
the employment effectively;
thereof unless prohibited by the
(e) When the client deliberately
client.
fails to pay the fees for the ser-
Rule 21.05 - A lawyer shall adopt
vices or fails to comply with the
such measures as may be re-
retainer agreement;
quired to prevent those whose
(f) When the lawyer is elected or
services are utilized by him,
appointed to public office; and
from disclosing or using confi-
(g) Other similar cases.
dences or secrets of the clients.
Rule 22.02 - A lawyer who with-
Rule 21.06 - A lawyer shall avoid
draws or is discharged shall, sub-
indiscreet conversation about a
ject to a retainer lien, immedi-
client's affairs even with mem-
ately turn over all papers and
bers of his family.
property to which the client is
Rule 21.07 - A lawyer shall not
entitled, and shall cooperative
reveal that he has been con-
with his successor in the orderly
sulted about a particular case ex-
transfer of the matter, including
cept to avoid possible conflict of
all information necessary for the
interest.
proper handling of the matter.

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