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1
Introduction to
Electrical Engineering
References: 1. G. Rizzoni, Principles and Applications of Electrical
Engineering, Fifth Edition, McGraw-Hill Inc., 2007.
2. Allan R. Hambley ,Electrical Engineering: Principles and
Applications, Fourth Edition, , Prentice Hall Pearson Education, 2008.
Basic
Quantity Symbol
Unit
Length Meter m
Mass Kilogram kg
Time Second s
Electric current Ampere A
Temperature Kelvin K
Luminous Intensity Candela cd
One great advantage of SI unit is that it uses prefixes based on the
power of 10 to relate larger and smaller units to the basic unit.
atto a 10-18
femto f 10-15
pico p 10-12
nano n 10-9
micro 10-6
mili m 10-3
centi c 10-2
deci d 10-1
deka da 10
kilo k 103
mega M 106
giga G 109
tera T 1012
Brief information on electricity
The word electricity was derived from the Latin electrum, came from the
Greek word electron which means amber.
In ancient times, Greeks noticed that when an amber rubbed with hair, it
attracted small objects. This was because of charge accumulated in the amber.
This phenomena is called static electric .
Electricity is a form of energy. It also denotes flow of electrons, the
negative particles surround the nucleus of an atom.
All matters are constituted from atoms. When an atom lost electron, then
free movement (or flow) of the electron caused electric current. Conductors,
mostly metals, are rich of free electrons.
Electric Charge
q
I
t
An alternating current (AC) is a current that varies with time, reversing
direction periodically.
Magnitude and direction of the current changes with time
i (t ) I max sin( wt )
dq
i
dt
lower potential
Point b is grounded
vb 0
vab va vb va
vab vba
DC voltage is constant with time.
V W
V
q
AC voltage changes with time.
Symbol: p
dw v dq
p vi
dt dq / i
The electric power of a circuit element is the product of the voltage across
the element and the current flowing through it.
Unit: Joules per second Watts (W)
1kWh=3.6x106J