5020 CHAPTER 5.

THE ROOT-LOCUS DESIGN METHOD

12. Sketch the root locus for the characteristic equation of the system for
which
(s + 2)
L(s) = 2 ;
s (s + 5)
and determine the value of the root-locus gain for which the complex con-
jugate poles have the maximum damping ratio. What is the approximate
value of the damping?
Solution:
Plot the system on Matlab using rlocus(sys), and use [K]= rlocnd(sys)
to pick the gain for the maximum damping. We nd that the maximum
damping, = 0.275 when K 10:7.

R oot Loc us

15
0 .3 8 0 .2 6 0 .1 9 0 .1 3 0 .0 8 5 0 .0 4 14

12

10
10
0 .5 2

5
0 .8 4

2
Imaginar y Axis

0 .8 4
-5

0 .5 2
-10
10

12

0 .3 8 0 .2 6 0 .1 9 0 .1 3 0 .0 8 5 0 .0 4 14
-15
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
R e a l Ax is

Root locus with 0.275 damping marked

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 5040 CHAPTER 5. THE ROOT-LOCUS DESIGN METHOD

25. Assume that the unity feedback system of Fig. 5.53 has the open-loop
plant
1
G(s) = :
s(s + 3)(s + 6)
Design a lag compensation to meet the following specications:

The step response settling time is to be less than 5 sec.

The step response overshoot is to be less than 17%.
The steady-state error to a unit ramp input must not exceed 10%.

Solution:
The overshoot specication requires that damping be 0:5 and the
settling time requires that ! n > 1:8: From the root locus plotted
below, these can be met at K = 28 where the ! n = 2: With this
gain, the Kv = 28=18 = 1:56: To get a Kv = 10; we need a lag gain
of about 6:5: Selecting the lag zero to be at 0:1 requires the pole
to be at 0:1=6:5 = 0:015: To meet the overshoot specications, it is
necessary to select a smaller K and set p = 0:01: Other choices are
of course possible. The step response of this design is plotted below.

RootLocus 1.4
6
0.84 0.74 0.6 0.42 0.22
0.92 1.2
4
0.965 1
2
0.99
Imag Axis

0.8
10
2 10 8 6 4 2
0.6
0.99
-2
0.4
0.965
-4 0.2
0.92
0.84 0.74 0.6 0.42 0.22
-6 -10 -5 0 00 5 10 15 20 25
RealAxis

Root locus and step response for Problem 5.25

2015 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained
from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.