Piernes,

Angela G.
Grade 11 Archdiocese of Capiz

Physical
Education


Safety
Relative freedom from harm, a term which, in clinical trials, refers to an absence of
harmful side effects resulting from use of the product under investigation; it may be
assessed by laboratory testing of biological samples, special tests and procedures,
psychiatric evaluation, and/or physical examination of subjects/patients.

Preventive
Pertaining to hindering the occurrence of an something or decreasing the incidence of
something.

First Aid
Immediate assistance administered in the case of injury or sudden illness by a bystander
or other layperson, before the arrival of trained medical personnel.

Rehabilitative
Designed to accomplish a treatment or treatments designed to facilitate the process of
recovery from injury, illness, or disease to as normal a condition as possible.

Hazard
A condition or phenomenon that increases the probability of a loss. A hazard can increase
the chances of a loss that does not necessarily result in illness or injury.

Risk
The chance of the probability of an unfavorable event occurring.

Sprain
Wrenching or twisting of a joint, with partial rupture of its ligaments. There may also be
damage to the associated blood vessels, muscles, tendons, and nerves. A sprain is more
 serious than a strain, which is simply the overstretching of a muscle, without swelling.
Severe sprains are so painful that the joint cannot be used. There is much swelling, with
reddish to blue discoloration due to hemorrhage from ruptured blood vessels.

Strain
The extent to which a body or object is deformed when an external force is applied to it.
Often measured as a percentage change in the object's dimensions (e.g. length) or in its
position (e.g. angle moved).

Contusion
An injury that does not disrupt the integrity of the skin, caused by a blow to the body and
characterized by swelling, discoloration, and pain. The immediate application of cold may
limit the development of a contusion.

Spasm
A sudden, transitory constriction of a passage, canal, or orifice; spasms usually occur
when the nerves supplying muscles are irritated, and are often accompanied by pain.

Tendonitis
Inflammation of tendons and of tendon-muscle attachments, one of the most common
causes of acute pain in the shoulder. It is frequently associated with a calcium deposit
(calcific tendinitis), which may also involve the bursa around the tendon or near the joint,
causing bursitis.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Strong band that arises from the posterior middle part of the lateral condyle of the femur,
passes anteriorly and inferiorly between the condyles, and is attached to the depression
in front of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia. The ACL is often injured in athletic
activity and is the main control for rotation of the knee.

Fracture
A fracture is a broken bone. A bone may be completely fractured or partially fractured in
any number of ways (crosswise, lengthwise, in multiple pieces).
Common types of fractures include:
Stable fracture. The broken ends of the bone line up and are barely out of place.
Open, compound fracture. The skin may be pierced by the bone or by a blow that breaks
the skin at the time of the fracture. The bone may or may not be visible in the wound.
Transverse fracture. This type of fracture has a horizontal fracture line.
Oblique fracture. This type of fracture has an angled pattern.
Comminuted fracture. In this type of fracture, the bone shatters into three or more
pieces.

Pictures

Safety Preventive First Aid Rehabilitative

Hazard Risk Sprain Strain

Contusion Spasm Tendonitis

ACL Fracture
4 Preventive Activities
Physical activities

Awareness means
Identifying preventive measures
Gathering and analyzing information regarding prevention

6 General Safety Tips In Sports

Wear protective gear, such as helmets, protective pads, and other gear.
Warm up and cool down.
Know the rules of the game.
Watch out for others.
Don't play when you're injured.
Remember to hydrate.

5 Prevention of Muscular Injuries

Wear a heart rate monitor.
Perform eccentric strength exercises.
Check your vitamin D levels.
Warm up but under-stretch.
Get a functional movement screening.

Common Causes of Fracture

Comminuted fracture. In this type of fracture, the bone shatters into three or more
pieces.
Trauma. A fall, a motor vehicle accident, or a tackle during a football game can all result
in fractures.
Osteoporosis. This disorder weakens bones and makes them more likely to break.
Overuse. Repetitive motion can tire muscles and place more force on bone. This can result
in stress fractures. Stress fractures are more common in athletes.